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Comparison of the antibacterial activity of essential oils and extracts of medicinal and culinary herbs to investigate potential new treatments for irritable bowel syndrome

Aiysha Thompson, Dilruba Meah, Nadia Ahmed, Rebecca Conniff-Jenkins, Emma Chileshe, Chris O Phillips, Tim C Claypole, Dan W Forman, Paula Row, Tim Claypole Orcid Logo, Christopher Phillips Orcid Logo, Daniel Forman

BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine, Volume: 13, Issue: 1, Start page: 338

Swansea University Authors: Paula Row, Tim Claypole Orcid Logo, Christopher Phillips Orcid Logo, Daniel Forman

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DOI (Published version): 10.1186/1472-6882-13-338

Abstract

BACKGROUND:Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a common functional gastrointestinal disorder, which may result from alteration of the gastrointestinal microbiota following gastrointestinal infection, or with intestinal dysbiosis or small intestinal bacterial overgrowth. This may be treated with antibi...

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Published in: BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine
Published: 2013
Online Access: http://www.biomedcentral.com/content/pdf/1472-6882-13-338.pdf
URI: https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa18384
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This may be treated with antibiotics, but there is concern that widespread antibiotic use might lead to antibiotic resistance. Some herbal medicines have been shown to be beneficial, but their mechanism(s) of action remain incompletely understood. To try to understand whether antibacterial properties might be involved in the efficacy of these herbal medicines, and to investigate potential new treatments for IBS, we have conducted a preliminary study in vitro to compare the antibacterial activity of the essential oils of culinary and medicinal herbs against the bacterium, Esherichia coli.METHODS:Essential oils were tested for their ability to inhibit E. coli growth in disc diffusion assays and in liquid culture, and to kill E. coli in a zone of clearance assay. Extracts of coriander, lemon balm and spearmint leaves were tested for their antibacterial activity in the disc diffusion assay. Disc diffusion and zone of clearance assays were analysed by two-tailed t tests whereas ANOVA was performed for the turbidometric assays.RESULTS:Most of the oils exhibited antibacterial activity in all three assays, however peppermint, lemon balm and coriander seed oils were most potent, with peppermint and coriander seed oils being more potent than the antibiotic rifaximin in the disc diffusion assay. The compounds present in these oils were identified by gas chromatography mass spectrometry. Finally, extracts were made of spearmint, lemon balm and coriander leaves with various solvents and these were tested for their antibacterial activity against E. coli in the disc diffusion assay. In each case, extracts made with ethanol and methanol exhibited potent antibacterial activity.CONCLUSIONS:Many of the essential oils had antibacterial activity in the three assays, suggesting that they would be good candidates for testing in clinical trials. The observed antibacterial activity of ethanolic extracts of coriander, lemon balm and spearmint leaves suggests a mechanistic explanation for the efficacy of a mixture of coriander, lemon balm and mint extracts against IBS in a published clinical trial.</abstract><type>Journal Article</type><journal>BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine</journal><volume>13</volume><journalNumber>1</journalNumber><paginationStart>338</paginationStart><publisher/><keywords>Irritable bowel syndrome, IBS, Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth, SIBO, Herbal medicine, Antibacterial, Antimicrobial, Essential oil</keywords><publishedDay>28</publishedDay><publishedMonth>11</publishedMonth><publishedYear>2013</publishedYear><publishedDate>2013-11-28</publishedDate><doi>10.1186/1472-6882-13-338</doi><url>http://www.biomedcentral.com/content/pdf/1472-6882-13-338.pdf</url><notes/><college>COLLEGE NANME</college><department>Biomedical Sciences</department><CollegeCode>COLLEGE CODE</CollegeCode><DepartmentCode>BMS</DepartmentCode><institution>Swansea University</institution><apcterm/><lastEdited>2019-06-24T15:05:47.1542459</lastEdited><Created>2014-09-10T14:44:02.1639645</Created><path><level id="1">Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences</level><level id="2">Swansea University Medical School - Medicine</level></path><authors><author><firstname>Aiysha</firstname><surname>Thompson</surname><order>1</order></author><author><firstname>Dilruba</firstname><surname>Meah</surname><order>2</order></author><author><firstname>Nadia</firstname><surname>Ahmed</surname><order>3</order></author><author><firstname>Rebecca</firstname><surname>Conniff-Jenkins</surname><order>4</order></author><author><firstname>Emma</firstname><surname>Chileshe</surname><order>5</order></author><author><firstname>Chris O</firstname><surname>Phillips</surname><order>6</order></author><author><firstname>Tim C</firstname><surname>Claypole</surname><order>7</order></author><author><firstname>Dan W</firstname><surname>Forman</surname><order>8</order></author><author><firstname>Paula</firstname><surname>Row</surname><order>9</order></author><author><firstname>Tim</firstname><surname>Claypole</surname><orcid>0000-0003-1393-9634</orcid><order>10</order></author><author><firstname>Christopher</firstname><surname>Phillips</surname><orcid>0000-0001-8011-710X</orcid><order>11</order></author><author><firstname>Daniel</firstname><surname>Forman</surname><order>12</order></author></authors><documents><document><filename>0018384-10092014151942.pdf</filename><originalFilename>Thompson__et__al__2013.pdf</originalFilename><uploaded>2014-09-10T15:19:42.1670000</uploaded><type>Output</type><contentLength>3183094</contentLength><contentType>application/pdf</contentType><version>Version of Record</version><cronfaStatus>true</cronfaStatus><embargoDate>2014-09-09T00:00:00.0000000</embargoDate><documentNotes>Distributed under the terms of a Creative Commons Attribution (CC-BY-2.0)</documentNotes><copyrightCorrect>true</copyrightCorrect></document></documents><OutputDurs/></rfc1807>
spelling 2019-06-24T15:05:47.1542459 v2 18384 2014-09-10 Comparison of the antibacterial activity of essential oils and extracts of medicinal and culinary herbs to investigate potential new treatments for irritable bowel syndrome 99bb528b2f8fb62aabbdad101d53ba96 Paula Row Paula Row true false 7735385522f1e68a8775b4f709e91d55 0000-0003-1393-9634 Tim Claypole Tim Claypole true false cc734f776f10b3fb9b43816c9f617bb5 0000-0001-8011-710X Christopher Phillips Christopher Phillips true false 2f3cf58114103d5c4a8aa1485385843f Daniel Forman Daniel Forman true false 2014-09-10 BMS BACKGROUND:Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a common functional gastrointestinal disorder, which may result from alteration of the gastrointestinal microbiota following gastrointestinal infection, or with intestinal dysbiosis or small intestinal bacterial overgrowth. This may be treated with antibiotics, but there is concern that widespread antibiotic use might lead to antibiotic resistance. Some herbal medicines have been shown to be beneficial, but their mechanism(s) of action remain incompletely understood. To try to understand whether antibacterial properties might be involved in the efficacy of these herbal medicines, and to investigate potential new treatments for IBS, we have conducted a preliminary study in vitro to compare the antibacterial activity of the essential oils of culinary and medicinal herbs against the bacterium, Esherichia coli.METHODS:Essential oils were tested for their ability to inhibit E. coli growth in disc diffusion assays and in liquid culture, and to kill E. coli in a zone of clearance assay. Extracts of coriander, lemon balm and spearmint leaves were tested for their antibacterial activity in the disc diffusion assay. Disc diffusion and zone of clearance assays were analysed by two-tailed t tests whereas ANOVA was performed for the turbidometric assays.RESULTS:Most of the oils exhibited antibacterial activity in all three assays, however peppermint, lemon balm and coriander seed oils were most potent, with peppermint and coriander seed oils being more potent than the antibiotic rifaximin in the disc diffusion assay. The compounds present in these oils were identified by gas chromatography mass spectrometry. Finally, extracts were made of spearmint, lemon balm and coriander leaves with various solvents and these were tested for their antibacterial activity against E. coli in the disc diffusion assay. In each case, extracts made with ethanol and methanol exhibited potent antibacterial activity.CONCLUSIONS:Many of the essential oils had antibacterial activity in the three assays, suggesting that they would be good candidates for testing in clinical trials. The observed antibacterial activity of ethanolic extracts of coriander, lemon balm and spearmint leaves suggests a mechanistic explanation for the efficacy of a mixture of coriander, lemon balm and mint extracts against IBS in a published clinical trial. Journal Article BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine 13 1 338 Irritable bowel syndrome, IBS, Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth, SIBO, Herbal medicine, Antibacterial, Antimicrobial, Essential oil 28 11 2013 2013-11-28 10.1186/1472-6882-13-338 http://www.biomedcentral.com/content/pdf/1472-6882-13-338.pdf COLLEGE NANME Biomedical Sciences COLLEGE CODE BMS Swansea University 2019-06-24T15:05:47.1542459 2014-09-10T14:44:02.1639645 Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences Swansea University Medical School - Medicine Aiysha Thompson 1 Dilruba Meah 2 Nadia Ahmed 3 Rebecca Conniff-Jenkins 4 Emma Chileshe 5 Chris O Phillips 6 Tim C Claypole 7 Dan W Forman 8 Paula Row 9 Tim Claypole 0000-0003-1393-9634 10 Christopher Phillips 0000-0001-8011-710X 11 Daniel Forman 12 0018384-10092014151942.pdf Thompson__et__al__2013.pdf 2014-09-10T15:19:42.1670000 Output 3183094 application/pdf Version of Record true 2014-09-09T00:00:00.0000000 Distributed under the terms of a Creative Commons Attribution (CC-BY-2.0) true
title Comparison of the antibacterial activity of essential oils and extracts of medicinal and culinary herbs to investigate potential new treatments for irritable bowel syndrome
spellingShingle Comparison of the antibacterial activity of essential oils and extracts of medicinal and culinary herbs to investigate potential new treatments for irritable bowel syndrome
Paula Row
Tim Claypole
Christopher Phillips
Daniel Forman
title_short Comparison of the antibacterial activity of essential oils and extracts of medicinal and culinary herbs to investigate potential new treatments for irritable bowel syndrome
title_full Comparison of the antibacterial activity of essential oils and extracts of medicinal and culinary herbs to investigate potential new treatments for irritable bowel syndrome
title_fullStr Comparison of the antibacterial activity of essential oils and extracts of medicinal and culinary herbs to investigate potential new treatments for irritable bowel syndrome
title_full_unstemmed Comparison of the antibacterial activity of essential oils and extracts of medicinal and culinary herbs to investigate potential new treatments for irritable bowel syndrome
title_sort Comparison of the antibacterial activity of essential oils and extracts of medicinal and culinary herbs to investigate potential new treatments for irritable bowel syndrome
author_id_str_mv 99bb528b2f8fb62aabbdad101d53ba96
7735385522f1e68a8775b4f709e91d55
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author_id_fullname_str_mv 99bb528b2f8fb62aabbdad101d53ba96_***_Paula Row
7735385522f1e68a8775b4f709e91d55_***_Tim Claypole
cc734f776f10b3fb9b43816c9f617bb5_***_Christopher Phillips
2f3cf58114103d5c4a8aa1485385843f_***_Daniel Forman
author Paula Row
Tim Claypole
Christopher Phillips
Daniel Forman
author2 Aiysha Thompson
Dilruba Meah
Nadia Ahmed
Rebecca Conniff-Jenkins
Emma Chileshe
Chris O Phillips
Tim C Claypole
Dan W Forman
Paula Row
Tim Claypole
Christopher Phillips
Daniel Forman
format Journal article
container_title BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine
container_volume 13
container_issue 1
container_start_page 338
publishDate 2013
institution Swansea University
doi_str_mv 10.1186/1472-6882-13-338
college_str Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences
hierarchytype
hierarchy_top_id facultyofmedicinehealthandlifesciences
hierarchy_top_title Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences
hierarchy_parent_id facultyofmedicinehealthandlifesciences
hierarchy_parent_title Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences
department_str Swansea University Medical School - Medicine{{{_:::_}}}Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences{{{_:::_}}}Swansea University Medical School - Medicine
url http://www.biomedcentral.com/content/pdf/1472-6882-13-338.pdf
document_store_str 1
active_str 0
description BACKGROUND:Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a common functional gastrointestinal disorder, which may result from alteration of the gastrointestinal microbiota following gastrointestinal infection, or with intestinal dysbiosis or small intestinal bacterial overgrowth. This may be treated with antibiotics, but there is concern that widespread antibiotic use might lead to antibiotic resistance. Some herbal medicines have been shown to be beneficial, but their mechanism(s) of action remain incompletely understood. To try to understand whether antibacterial properties might be involved in the efficacy of these herbal medicines, and to investigate potential new treatments for IBS, we have conducted a preliminary study in vitro to compare the antibacterial activity of the essential oils of culinary and medicinal herbs against the bacterium, Esherichia coli.METHODS:Essential oils were tested for their ability to inhibit E. coli growth in disc diffusion assays and in liquid culture, and to kill E. coli in a zone of clearance assay. Extracts of coriander, lemon balm and spearmint leaves were tested for their antibacterial activity in the disc diffusion assay. Disc diffusion and zone of clearance assays were analysed by two-tailed t tests whereas ANOVA was performed for the turbidometric assays.RESULTS:Most of the oils exhibited antibacterial activity in all three assays, however peppermint, lemon balm and coriander seed oils were most potent, with peppermint and coriander seed oils being more potent than the antibiotic rifaximin in the disc diffusion assay. The compounds present in these oils were identified by gas chromatography mass spectrometry. Finally, extracts were made of spearmint, lemon balm and coriander leaves with various solvents and these were tested for their antibacterial activity against E. coli in the disc diffusion assay. In each case, extracts made with ethanol and methanol exhibited potent antibacterial activity.CONCLUSIONS:Many of the essential oils had antibacterial activity in the three assays, suggesting that they would be good candidates for testing in clinical trials. The observed antibacterial activity of ethanolic extracts of coriander, lemon balm and spearmint leaves suggests a mechanistic explanation for the efficacy of a mixture of coriander, lemon balm and mint extracts against IBS in a published clinical trial.
published_date 2013-11-28T03:21:33Z
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