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Modeling the hydrodynamics of heap leaching in sub-zero temperatures

D. McBride, J.E. Gebhardt, T.N. Croft, M. Cross, Diane McBride Orcid Logo

Minerals Engineering

Swansea University Author: Diane McBride Orcid Logo

DOI (Published version): 10.1016/j.mineng.2015.11.005

Abstract

Heap leaching involves the application of a leach solution onto stacked low grade ores. Solution percolates through the ore, dissolving metals from various minerals, and is recovered at the base. This process is conceptually a simple one, but quickly becomes complex when considering the sub-processe...

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Published in: Minerals Engineering
Published: 2015
URI: https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa25030
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spelling 2016-01-06T17:14:31.6324493 v2 25030 2015-12-11 Modeling the hydrodynamics of heap leaching in sub-zero temperatures f045e194e1b759f3aac9e15caf8f293e 0000-0002-9736-4534 Diane McBride Diane McBride true false 2015-12-11 EEN Heap leaching involves the application of a leach solution onto stacked low grade ores. Solution percolates through the ore, dissolving metals from various minerals, and is recovered at the base. This process is conceptually a simple one, but quickly becomes complex when considering the sub-processes, such as dissolution chemical reactions, oxidation, precipitation, ore with different leaching characteristics, and multi-lift heaps with dynamically changing irrigation schemes.In addition, changing meteorological conditions, such as heavy rain, evaporation and extreme ambient temperatures have a significant effect on the hydrodynamics. Various factors, such as large variations in ore hydraulic properties, saturated–unsaturated flow, preferential flow pathways, perched water tables, infiltration into dry ore or possible freezing of solution within the heap, can lead to reduced leaching efficiency.This contribution describes the methods employed within a computational fluid dynamics heap leach model to account for freezing climate conditions. Validation of one-dimensional thermal phase change is performed and a theoretical column of coarse and fine ore is partially frozen to illustrate how the preferred flow path can be counter-intuitive. Finally, a three-dimensional heterogeneous gold oxide ‘test’ heap is simulated assuming non-thermal reactions and sub-zero ambient temperatures. The results demonstrate how recovery can be affected by cold weather changing the hydrodynamics of the heap. Journal Article Minerals Engineering Heap leaching; Soil hydrodynamics; Freezing and thawing; Modeling; Simulation 12 11 2015 2015-11-12 10.1016/j.mineng.2015.11.005 COLLEGE NANME Engineering COLLEGE CODE EEN Swansea University 2016-01-06T17:14:31.6324493 2015-12-11T15:35:35.0874712 Faculty of Science and Engineering School of Engineering and Applied Sciences - Uncategorised D. McBride 1 J.E. Gebhardt 2 T.N. Croft 3 M. Cross 4 Diane McBride 0000-0002-9736-4534 5 0025030-06012016170652.pdf MinEng2015_CorrectedProof.pdf 2016-01-06T17:06:52.1770000 Output 3531281 application/pdf Corrected Version of Record true 2017-11-12T00:00:00.0000000 false 0025030-06012016170749.pdf McBride_2015.pdf 2016-01-06T17:07:49.0270000 Output 1250166 application/pdf Author's Original true 2015-11-12T00:00:00.0000000 false
title Modeling the hydrodynamics of heap leaching in sub-zero temperatures
spellingShingle Modeling the hydrodynamics of heap leaching in sub-zero temperatures
Diane McBride
title_short Modeling the hydrodynamics of heap leaching in sub-zero temperatures
title_full Modeling the hydrodynamics of heap leaching in sub-zero temperatures
title_fullStr Modeling the hydrodynamics of heap leaching in sub-zero temperatures
title_full_unstemmed Modeling the hydrodynamics of heap leaching in sub-zero temperatures
title_sort Modeling the hydrodynamics of heap leaching in sub-zero temperatures
author_id_str_mv f045e194e1b759f3aac9e15caf8f293e
author_id_fullname_str_mv f045e194e1b759f3aac9e15caf8f293e_***_Diane McBride
author Diane McBride
author2 D. McBride
J.E. Gebhardt
T.N. Croft
M. Cross
Diane McBride
format Journal article
container_title Minerals Engineering
publishDate 2015
institution Swansea University
doi_str_mv 10.1016/j.mineng.2015.11.005
college_str Faculty of Science and Engineering
hierarchytype
hierarchy_top_id facultyofscienceandengineering
hierarchy_top_title Faculty of Science and Engineering
hierarchy_parent_id facultyofscienceandengineering
hierarchy_parent_title Faculty of Science and Engineering
department_str School of Engineering and Applied Sciences - Uncategorised{{{_:::_}}}Faculty of Science and Engineering{{{_:::_}}}School of Engineering and Applied Sciences - Uncategorised
document_store_str 1
active_str 0
description Heap leaching involves the application of a leach solution onto stacked low grade ores. Solution percolates through the ore, dissolving metals from various minerals, and is recovered at the base. This process is conceptually a simple one, but quickly becomes complex when considering the sub-processes, such as dissolution chemical reactions, oxidation, precipitation, ore with different leaching characteristics, and multi-lift heaps with dynamically changing irrigation schemes.In addition, changing meteorological conditions, such as heavy rain, evaporation and extreme ambient temperatures have a significant effect on the hydrodynamics. Various factors, such as large variations in ore hydraulic properties, saturated–unsaturated flow, preferential flow pathways, perched water tables, infiltration into dry ore or possible freezing of solution within the heap, can lead to reduced leaching efficiency.This contribution describes the methods employed within a computational fluid dynamics heap leach model to account for freezing climate conditions. Validation of one-dimensional thermal phase change is performed and a theoretical column of coarse and fine ore is partially frozen to illustrate how the preferred flow path can be counter-intuitive. Finally, a three-dimensional heterogeneous gold oxide ‘test’ heap is simulated assuming non-thermal reactions and sub-zero ambient temperatures. The results demonstrate how recovery can be affected by cold weather changing the hydrodynamics of the heap.
published_date 2015-11-12T03:29:45Z
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score 11.012678

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