Keeping Pace with Your Eating: Visual Feedback Affects Eating Rate in Humans

Wilkinson, Laura; Ferriday, Danielle; Bosworth, Matthew L.; Godinot, Nicolas; Martin, Nathalie; Rogers, Peter J.; Brunstrom, Jeffrey M.

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0147603

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Keeping Pace with Your Eating: Visual Feedback Affects Eating Rate in Humans

Laura Wilkinson

, Danielle Ferriday, Matthew L. Bosworth, Nicolas Godinot, Nathalie Martin, Peter J. Rogers, Jeffrey M. Brunstrom

PLOS ONE, Volume: 11, Issue: 2, Start page: e0147603

Swansea University Author: Laura Wilkinson

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DOI (Published version): 10.1371/journal.pone.0147603

Abstract

Deliberately eating at a slower pace promotes satiation and eating quickly has been associated with a higher body mass index. Therefore, understanding factors that affect eating rate should be given high priority. Eating rate is affected by the physical/textural properties of a food, by motivational...

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Published in:	PLOS ONE
ISSN:	1932-6203
Published:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2016
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spelling	2020-10-22T18:16:46.5917523 v2 26035 2016-02-01 Keeping Pace with Your Eating: Visual Feedback Affects Eating Rate in Humans 07aeb47532af5a8421686d4f22f4a226 0000-0002-8093-0843 Laura Wilkinson Laura Wilkinson true false 2016-02-01 HPS Deliberately eating at a slower pace promotes satiation and eating quickly has been associated with a higher body mass index. Therefore, understanding factors that affect eating rate should be given high priority. Eating rate is affected by the physical/textural properties of a food, by motivational state, and by portion size and palatability. This study explored the prospect that eating rate is also influenced by a hitherto unexplored cognitive process that uses ongoing perceptual estimates of the volume of food remaining in a container to adjust intake during a meal. A 2 (amount seen; 300ml or 500ml) x 2 (amount eaten; 300ml or 500ml) between-subjects design was employed (10 participants in each condition). In two ‘congruent’ conditions, the same amount was seen at the outset and then subsequently consumed (300ml or 500ml). To dissociate visual feedback of portion size and actual amount consumed, food was covertly added or removed from a bowl using a peristaltic pump. This created two additional ‘incongruent’ conditions, in which 300ml was seen but 500ml was eaten or vice versa. We repeated these conditions using a savoury soup and a sweet dessert. Eating rate (ml per second) was assessed during lunch. After lunch we assessed fullness over a 60-minute period. In the congruent conditions, eating rate was unaffected by the actual volume of food that was consumed (300ml or 500ml). By contrast, we observed a marked difference across the incongruent conditions. Specifically, participants who saw 300ml but actually consumed 500ml ate at a faster rate than participants who saw 500ml but actually consumed 300ml. Participants were unaware that their portion size had been manipulated. Nevertheless, when it disappeared faster or slower than anticipated they adjusted their rate of eating accordingly. This suggests that the control of eating rate involves visual feedback and is not a simple reflexive response to orosensory stimulation Journal Article PLOS ONE 11 2 e0147603 Public Library of Science (PLoS) 1932-6203 1 2 2016 2016-02-01 10.1371/journal.pone.0147603 COLLEGE NANME Psychology COLLEGE CODE HPS Swansea University 2020-10-22T18:16:46.5917523 2016-02-01T20:39:03.3450730 Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences School of Psychology Laura Wilkinson 0000-0002-8093-0843 1 Danielle Ferriday 2 Matthew L. Bosworth 3 Nicolas Godinot 4 Nathalie Martin 5 Peter J. Rogers 6 Jeffrey M. Brunstrom 7 0026035-18022016112737.pdf Wilkinsonetal2016.pdf 2016-02-18T11:27:37.9200000 Output 524383 application/pdf Version of Record true 2016-02-18T00:00:00.0000000 Distributed under the terms of a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 (CC-BY) Licence. true eng https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
title	Keeping Pace with Your Eating: Visual Feedback Affects Eating Rate in Humans
spellingShingle	Keeping Pace with Your Eating: Visual Feedback Affects Eating Rate in Humans Laura Wilkinson
title_short	Keeping Pace with Your Eating: Visual Feedback Affects Eating Rate in Humans
title_full	Keeping Pace with Your Eating: Visual Feedback Affects Eating Rate in Humans
title_fullStr	Keeping Pace with Your Eating: Visual Feedback Affects Eating Rate in Humans
title_full_unstemmed	Keeping Pace with Your Eating: Visual Feedback Affects Eating Rate in Humans
title_sort	Keeping Pace with Your Eating: Visual Feedback Affects Eating Rate in Humans
author_id_str_mv	07aeb47532af5a8421686d4f22f4a226
author_id_fullname_str_mv	07aeb47532af5a8421686d4f22f4a226_***_Laura Wilkinson
author	Laura Wilkinson
author2	Laura Wilkinson Danielle Ferriday Matthew L. Bosworth Nicolas Godinot Nathalie Martin Peter J. Rogers Jeffrey M. Brunstrom
format	Journal article
container_title	PLOS ONE
container_volume	11
container_issue	2
container_start_page	e0147603
publishDate	2016
institution	Swansea University
issn	1932-6203
doi_str_mv	10.1371/journal.pone.0147603
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
college_str	Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences
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description	Deliberately eating at a slower pace promotes satiation and eating quickly has been associated with a higher body mass index. Therefore, understanding factors that affect eating rate should be given high priority. Eating rate is affected by the physical/textural properties of a food, by motivational state, and by portion size and palatability. This study explored the prospect that eating rate is also influenced by a hitherto unexplored cognitive process that uses ongoing perceptual estimates of the volume of food remaining in a container to adjust intake during a meal. A 2 (amount seen; 300ml or 500ml) x 2 (amount eaten; 300ml or 500ml) between-subjects design was employed (10 participants in each condition). In two ‘congruent’ conditions, the same amount was seen at the outset and then subsequently consumed (300ml or 500ml). To dissociate visual feedback of portion size and actual amount consumed, food was covertly added or removed from a bowl using a peristaltic pump. This created two additional ‘incongruent’ conditions, in which 300ml was seen but 500ml was eaten or vice versa. We repeated these conditions using a savoury soup and a sweet dessert. Eating rate (ml per second) was assessed during lunch. After lunch we assessed fullness over a 60-minute period. In the congruent conditions, eating rate was unaffected by the actual volume of food that was consumed (300ml or 500ml). By contrast, we observed a marked difference across the incongruent conditions. Specifically, participants who saw 300ml but actually consumed 500ml ate at a faster rate than participants who saw 500ml but actually consumed 300ml. Participants were unaware that their portion size had been manipulated. Nevertheless, when it disappeared faster or slower than anticipated they adjusted their rate of eating accordingly. This suggests that the control of eating rate involves visual feedback and is not a simple reflexive response to orosensory stimulation
published_date	2016-02-01T03:31:09Z
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Keeping Pace with Your Eating: Visual Feedback Affects Eating Rate in Humans

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