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Interfacial Chemical Composition and Molecular Order in Organic Photovoltaic Blend Thin Films Probed by Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy

Joseph Razzell-Hollis, Quentin Thiburce, Wing C. Tsoi, Ji-Seon Kim, Wing Chung Tsoi Orcid Logo

ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, Volume: 8, Issue: 45, Pages: 31469 - 31481

Swansea University Author: Wing Chung Tsoi Orcid Logo

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DOI (Published version): 10.1021/acsami.6b12124

Abstract

Organic electronic devices invariably involve transfer of charge carriers between the organic layer and at least one metal electrode, and they are sensitive to the local properties of the organic film at those interfaces. Here, we demonstrate a new approach for using an advanced technique called sur...

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Published in: ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces
ISSN: 1944-8244 1944-8252
Published: 2016
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URI: https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa32047
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spelling 2017-03-03T13:20:54.6363684 v2 32047 2017-02-23 Interfacial Chemical Composition and Molecular Order in Organic Photovoltaic Blend Thin Films Probed by Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy 7e5f541df6635a9a8e1a579ff2de5d56 0000-0003-3836-5139 Wing Chung Tsoi Wing Chung Tsoi true false 2017-02-23 MTLS Organic electronic devices invariably involve transfer of charge carriers between the organic layer and at least one metal electrode, and they are sensitive to the local properties of the organic film at those interfaces. Here, we demonstrate a new approach for using an advanced technique called surface-enhanced raman spectroscopy (SERS) to quantitatively probe interfacial properties relevant to charge injection/extraction. Exploiting the evanescent electric field generated by a ∼7 nm thick layer of evaporated silver, Raman scattering from nearby molecules is enhanced by factors of 10–1000× and limited by a distance dependence with a measured decay length of only 7.6 nm. When applied to the study of an all-polymer 1:1 blend of P3HT and F8TBT used in organic solar cells, we find that the as-cast film is morphologically suited to charge extraction in inverted devices, with a top (anode) interface very rich in hole-transporting P3HT (74.5%) and a bottom (cathode) interface slightly rich in electron-transporting F8TBT (55%). While conventional, uninverted P3HT:F8TBT devices are reported to perform poorly compared to inverted devices, their efficiency can be improved by thermal annealing but only after evaporation of a metallic top electrode. This is explained by changes in composition at the top interface: annealing prior to silver evaporation leads to a greater P3HT concentration at the top interface to 83.3%, exaggerating the original distribution that favored inverted devices, while postevaporation annealing increases the concentration of F8TBT at the top interface to 34.8%, aiding the extraction of electrons in a conventional device. By nondestructively probing buried interfaces, SERS is a powerful tool for understanding the performance of organic electronic devices. Journal Article ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces 8 45 31469 31481 1944-8244 1944-8252 charge extraction; conjugated polymers; interfacial properties; organic electronics; SERS 31 12 2016 2016-12-31 10.1021/acsami.6b12124 COLLEGE NANME Materials Science and Engineering COLLEGE CODE MTLS Swansea University 2017-03-03T13:20:54.6363684 2017-02-23T09:08:36.0659352 Faculty of Science and Engineering School of Engineering and Applied Sciences - Materials Science and Engineering Joseph Razzell-Hollis 1 Quentin Thiburce 2 Wing C. Tsoi 3 Ji-Seon Kim 4 Wing Chung Tsoi 0000-0003-3836-5139 5
title Interfacial Chemical Composition and Molecular Order in Organic Photovoltaic Blend Thin Films Probed by Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy
spellingShingle Interfacial Chemical Composition and Molecular Order in Organic Photovoltaic Blend Thin Films Probed by Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy
Wing Chung Tsoi
title_short Interfacial Chemical Composition and Molecular Order in Organic Photovoltaic Blend Thin Films Probed by Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy
title_full Interfacial Chemical Composition and Molecular Order in Organic Photovoltaic Blend Thin Films Probed by Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy
title_fullStr Interfacial Chemical Composition and Molecular Order in Organic Photovoltaic Blend Thin Films Probed by Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy
title_full_unstemmed Interfacial Chemical Composition and Molecular Order in Organic Photovoltaic Blend Thin Films Probed by Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy
title_sort Interfacial Chemical Composition and Molecular Order in Organic Photovoltaic Blend Thin Films Probed by Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy
author_id_str_mv 7e5f541df6635a9a8e1a579ff2de5d56
author_id_fullname_str_mv 7e5f541df6635a9a8e1a579ff2de5d56_***_Wing Chung Tsoi
author Wing Chung Tsoi
author2 Joseph Razzell-Hollis
Quentin Thiburce
Wing C. Tsoi
Ji-Seon Kim
Wing Chung Tsoi
format Journal article
container_title ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces
container_volume 8
container_issue 45
container_start_page 31469
publishDate 2016
institution Swansea University
issn 1944-8244
1944-8252
doi_str_mv 10.1021/acsami.6b12124
college_str Faculty of Science and Engineering
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hierarchy_top_id facultyofscienceandengineering
hierarchy_top_title Faculty of Science and Engineering
hierarchy_parent_id facultyofscienceandengineering
hierarchy_parent_title Faculty of Science and Engineering
department_str School of Engineering and Applied Sciences - Materials Science and Engineering{{{_:::_}}}Faculty of Science and Engineering{{{_:::_}}}School of Engineering and Applied Sciences - Materials Science and Engineering
document_store_str 0
active_str 0
description Organic electronic devices invariably involve transfer of charge carriers between the organic layer and at least one metal electrode, and they are sensitive to the local properties of the organic film at those interfaces. Here, we demonstrate a new approach for using an advanced technique called surface-enhanced raman spectroscopy (SERS) to quantitatively probe interfacial properties relevant to charge injection/extraction. Exploiting the evanescent electric field generated by a ∼7 nm thick layer of evaporated silver, Raman scattering from nearby molecules is enhanced by factors of 10–1000× and limited by a distance dependence with a measured decay length of only 7.6 nm. When applied to the study of an all-polymer 1:1 blend of P3HT and F8TBT used in organic solar cells, we find that the as-cast film is morphologically suited to charge extraction in inverted devices, with a top (anode) interface very rich in hole-transporting P3HT (74.5%) and a bottom (cathode) interface slightly rich in electron-transporting F8TBT (55%). While conventional, uninverted P3HT:F8TBT devices are reported to perform poorly compared to inverted devices, their efficiency can be improved by thermal annealing but only after evaporation of a metallic top electrode. This is explained by changes in composition at the top interface: annealing prior to silver evaporation leads to a greater P3HT concentration at the top interface to 83.3%, exaggerating the original distribution that favored inverted devices, while postevaporation annealing increases the concentration of F8TBT at the top interface to 34.8%, aiding the extraction of electrons in a conventional device. By nondestructively probing buried interfaces, SERS is a powerful tool for understanding the performance of organic electronic devices.
published_date 2016-12-31T03:39:12Z
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