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Vapor phase conversion of PbI2to CH3NH3PbI3: spectroscopic evidence for formation of an intermediate phase

Sagar Jain, Bertrand Philippe, Erik M. J. Johansson, Byung-wook Park, Håkan Rensmo, Tomas Edvinsson, Gerrit Boschloo

J. Mater. Chem. A, Volume: 4, Issue: 7, Pages: 2630 - 2642

Swansea University Author: Sagar Jain

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DOI (Published version): 10.1039/C5TA08745G

Abstract

The formation of CH3NH3PbI3 (MAPbI3) from its precursors is probably the most significant step in the control of the quality of this semiconductor perovskite material, which is highly promising for photovoltaic applications. Here we investigated the transformation of spin coated PbI2 films to MAPbI3...

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Published in: J. Mater. Chem. A
ISSN: 2050-7488 2050-7496
Published: 2016
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URI: https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa32895
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spelling 2017-04-05T12:00:53.2153778 v2 32895 2017-04-02 Vapor phase conversion of PbI2to CH3NH3PbI3: spectroscopic evidence for formation of an intermediate phase 7073e179bb5b82db3e3efd3a8cd07139 Sagar Jain Sagar Jain true false 2017-04-02 EEN The formation of CH3NH3PbI3 (MAPbI3) from its precursors is probably the most significant step in the control of the quality of this semiconductor perovskite material, which is highly promising for photovoltaic applications. Here we investigated the transformation of spin coated PbI2 films to MAPbI3 using a reaction with MAI in vapor phase, referred to as vapor assisted solution process (VASP). The presence of a mesoporous TiO2 scaffold on the substrate was found to speed up reaction and led to complete conversion of PbI2, while reaction on glass substrates was slower, with some PbI2 remaining even after prolonged reaction time. Based on data from UV-visible spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, the formation of an X-ray amorphous intermediate phase is proposed, which is identified by an increasing absorption from 650 to 500 nm in the absorption spectrum. This feature disappears upon long reaction times for films on planar substrates, but persists for films on mesoporous TiO2. Poor solar cell performance of planar VASP prepared devices was ascribed to PbI2 remaining in the film, forming a barrier between the perovskite layer and the compact TiO2/FTO contact. Good performance, with efficiencies up to 13.3%, was obtained for VASP prepared devices on mesoporous TiO2. Journal Article J. Mater. Chem. A 4 7 2630 2642 2050-7488 2050-7496 25 1 2016 2016-01-25 10.1039/C5TA08745G COLLEGE NANME Engineering COLLEGE CODE EEN Swansea University 2017-04-05T12:00:53.2153778 2017-04-02T00:22:17.1840410 Faculty of Science and Engineering School of Engineering and Applied Sciences - Uncategorised Sagar Jain 1 Bertrand Philippe 2 Erik M. J. Johansson 3 Byung-wook Park 4 Håkan Rensmo 5 Tomas Edvinsson 6 Gerrit Boschloo 7
title Vapor phase conversion of PbI2to CH3NH3PbI3: spectroscopic evidence for formation of an intermediate phase
spellingShingle Vapor phase conversion of PbI2to CH3NH3PbI3: spectroscopic evidence for formation of an intermediate phase
Sagar Jain
title_short Vapor phase conversion of PbI2to CH3NH3PbI3: spectroscopic evidence for formation of an intermediate phase
title_full Vapor phase conversion of PbI2to CH3NH3PbI3: spectroscopic evidence for formation of an intermediate phase
title_fullStr Vapor phase conversion of PbI2to CH3NH3PbI3: spectroscopic evidence for formation of an intermediate phase
title_full_unstemmed Vapor phase conversion of PbI2to CH3NH3PbI3: spectroscopic evidence for formation of an intermediate phase
title_sort Vapor phase conversion of PbI2to CH3NH3PbI3: spectroscopic evidence for formation of an intermediate phase
author_id_str_mv 7073e179bb5b82db3e3efd3a8cd07139
author_id_fullname_str_mv 7073e179bb5b82db3e3efd3a8cd07139_***_Sagar Jain
author Sagar Jain
author2 Sagar Jain
Bertrand Philippe
Erik M. J. Johansson
Byung-wook Park
Håkan Rensmo
Tomas Edvinsson
Gerrit Boschloo
format Journal article
container_title J. Mater. Chem. A
container_volume 4
container_issue 7
container_start_page 2630
publishDate 2016
institution Swansea University
issn 2050-7488
2050-7496
doi_str_mv 10.1039/C5TA08745G
college_str Faculty of Science and Engineering
hierarchytype
hierarchy_top_id facultyofscienceandengineering
hierarchy_top_title Faculty of Science and Engineering
hierarchy_parent_id facultyofscienceandengineering
hierarchy_parent_title Faculty of Science and Engineering
department_str School of Engineering and Applied Sciences - Uncategorised{{{_:::_}}}Faculty of Science and Engineering{{{_:::_}}}School of Engineering and Applied Sciences - Uncategorised
document_store_str 0
active_str 0
description The formation of CH3NH3PbI3 (MAPbI3) from its precursors is probably the most significant step in the control of the quality of this semiconductor perovskite material, which is highly promising for photovoltaic applications. Here we investigated the transformation of spin coated PbI2 films to MAPbI3 using a reaction with MAI in vapor phase, referred to as vapor assisted solution process (VASP). The presence of a mesoporous TiO2 scaffold on the substrate was found to speed up reaction and led to complete conversion of PbI2, while reaction on glass substrates was slower, with some PbI2 remaining even after prolonged reaction time. Based on data from UV-visible spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, the formation of an X-ray amorphous intermediate phase is proposed, which is identified by an increasing absorption from 650 to 500 nm in the absorption spectrum. This feature disappears upon long reaction times for films on planar substrates, but persists for films on mesoporous TiO2. Poor solar cell performance of planar VASP prepared devices was ascribed to PbI2 remaining in the film, forming a barrier between the perovskite layer and the compact TiO2/FTO contact. Good performance, with efficiencies up to 13.3%, was obtained for VASP prepared devices on mesoporous TiO2.
published_date 2016-01-25T03:40:27Z
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score 11.012678

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