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CO2 efflux from soils with seasonal water repellency

Emilia Urbanek Orcid Logo, Stefan Doerr Orcid Logo

Biogeosciences, Volume: 14, Issue: 20, Pages: 4781 - 4794

Swansea University Authors: Emilia Urbanek Orcid Logo, Stefan Doerr Orcid Logo

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DOI (Published version): 10.5194/bg-14-4781-2017

Abstract

Soil carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions are strongly dependent on pore water distribution, which in turn can be modified by reduced wettability. Many soils around the world are affected by soil water repellency (SWR), which reduces infiltration and results in diverse moisture distribution. SWR is tempor...

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Published in: Biogeosciences
ISSN: 1726-4189
Published: Copernicus GmbH 2017
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URI: https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa35686
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fullrecord <?xml version="1.0"?><rfc1807><datestamp>2020-12-18T16:27:42.5828911</datestamp><bib-version>v2</bib-version><id>35686</id><entry>2017-09-27</entry><title>CO2 efflux from soils with seasonal water repellency</title><swanseaauthors><author><sid>6d7e46bd913e12897d7f222ca78a718f</sid><ORCID>0000-0002-7748-4416</ORCID><firstname>Emilia</firstname><surname>Urbanek</surname><name>Emilia Urbanek</name><active>true</active><ethesisStudent>false</ethesisStudent></author><author><sid>575eb5094f2328249328b3e43deb5088</sid><ORCID>0000-0002-8700-9002</ORCID><firstname>Stefan</firstname><surname>Doerr</surname><name>Stefan Doerr</name><active>true</active><ethesisStudent>false</ethesisStudent></author></swanseaauthors><date>2017-09-27</date><deptcode>SGE</deptcode><abstract>Soil carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions are strongly dependent on pore water distribution, which in turn can be modified by reduced wettability. Many soils around the world are affected by soil water repellency (SWR), which reduces infiltration and results in diverse moisture distribution. SWR is temporally variable and soils can change from wettable to water-repellent and vice versa throughout the year. Effects of SWR on soil carbon (C) dynamics, and specifically on CO2 efflux, have only been studied in a few laboratory experiments and hence remain poorly understood. Existing studies suggest soil respiration is reduced with increasing severity of SWR, but the responses of soil CO2 efflux to varying water distribution created by SWR are not yet known. Here we report on the first field-based study that tests whether SWR indeed reduces soil CO2 efflux, based on in situ measurements carried out over three consecutive years at a grassland and pine forest sites under the humid temperate climate of the UK. Soil CO2 efflux was indeed very low on occasions when soil exhibited consistently high SWR and low soil moisture following long dry spells. Low CO2 efflux was also observed when SWR was absent, in spring and late autumn when soil temperatures were low, but also in summer when SWR was reduced by frequent rainfall events. The highest CO2 efflux occurred not when soil was wettable, but when SWR, and thus soil moisture, was spatially patchy, a pattern observed for the majority of the measurement period. Patchiness of SWR is likely to have created zones with two different characteristics related to CO2 production and transport. Zones with wettable soil or low persistence of SWR with higher proportion of water filled pores are expected to provide water with high nutrient concentration resulting in higher microbial activity and CO2 production. Soil zones with high SWR persistence, on the other hand, are dominated by air filled pores with low microbial activity, but facilitating O2 supply and CO2 exchange between the soil and the atmosphere. The effects of soil moisture and SWR on soil CO2 efflux are strongly co-correlated, but the results of this study support the notion that SWR indirectly affects soil CO2 efflux by affecting soil moisture distribution. The appearance of SWR is influenced by moisture and temperature, but once present, SWR influences subsequent infiltration patterns and resulting soil water distribution, which in turn affects respiration. This study demonstrates that SWR can have contrasting effects on CO2 efflux. It can reduce it in dry soil zones by preventing their re-wetting, but, at the field soil scale and when spatially-variable, it can also enhance overall CO2 efflux. Spatial variability in SWR and associated soil moisture distribution therefore need to be considered when evaluating the effects of SWR on soil C dynamics under current and predicted future climatic conditions.</abstract><type>Journal Article</type><journal>Biogeosciences</journal><volume>14</volume><journalNumber>20</journalNumber><paginationStart>4781</paginationStart><paginationEnd>4794</paginationEnd><publisher>Copernicus GmbH</publisher><placeOfPublication/><isbnPrint/><isbnElectronic/><issnPrint/><issnElectronic>1726-4189</issnElectronic><keywords>soil, water repellency, CO2 efflux</keywords><publishedDay>25</publishedDay><publishedMonth>10</publishedMonth><publishedYear>2017</publishedYear><publishedDate>2017-10-25</publishedDate><doi>10.5194/bg-14-4781-2017</doi><url/><notes/><college>COLLEGE NANME</college><department>Geography</department><CollegeCode>COLLEGE CODE</CollegeCode><DepartmentCode>SGE</DepartmentCode><institution>Swansea University</institution><apcterm/><lastEdited>2020-12-18T16:27:42.5828911</lastEdited><Created>2017-09-27T13:11:12.1235407</Created><path><level id="1">Faculty of Science and Engineering</level><level id="2">School of Biosciences, Geography and Physics - Geography</level></path><authors><author><firstname>Emilia</firstname><surname>Urbanek</surname><orcid>0000-0002-7748-4416</orcid><order>1</order></author><author><firstname>Stefan</firstname><surname>Doerr</surname><orcid>0000-0002-8700-9002</orcid><order>2</order></author></authors><documents><document><filename>35686__7409__15a8898de68748909a4e5339a890464f.pdf</filename><originalFilename>Urbanek2017.pdf</originalFilename><uploaded>2017-12-14T12:34:44.4670000</uploaded><type>Output</type><contentLength>6510142</contentLength><contentType>application/pdf</contentType><version>Version of Record</version><cronfaStatus>true</cronfaStatus><documentNotes>&#xA9; Author(s) 2017. 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spelling 2020-12-18T16:27:42.5828911 v2 35686 2017-09-27 CO2 efflux from soils with seasonal water repellency 6d7e46bd913e12897d7f222ca78a718f 0000-0002-7748-4416 Emilia Urbanek Emilia Urbanek true false 575eb5094f2328249328b3e43deb5088 0000-0002-8700-9002 Stefan Doerr Stefan Doerr true false 2017-09-27 SGE Soil carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions are strongly dependent on pore water distribution, which in turn can be modified by reduced wettability. Many soils around the world are affected by soil water repellency (SWR), which reduces infiltration and results in diverse moisture distribution. SWR is temporally variable and soils can change from wettable to water-repellent and vice versa throughout the year. Effects of SWR on soil carbon (C) dynamics, and specifically on CO2 efflux, have only been studied in a few laboratory experiments and hence remain poorly understood. Existing studies suggest soil respiration is reduced with increasing severity of SWR, but the responses of soil CO2 efflux to varying water distribution created by SWR are not yet known. Here we report on the first field-based study that tests whether SWR indeed reduces soil CO2 efflux, based on in situ measurements carried out over three consecutive years at a grassland and pine forest sites under the humid temperate climate of the UK. Soil CO2 efflux was indeed very low on occasions when soil exhibited consistently high SWR and low soil moisture following long dry spells. Low CO2 efflux was also observed when SWR was absent, in spring and late autumn when soil temperatures were low, but also in summer when SWR was reduced by frequent rainfall events. The highest CO2 efflux occurred not when soil was wettable, but when SWR, and thus soil moisture, was spatially patchy, a pattern observed for the majority of the measurement period. Patchiness of SWR is likely to have created zones with two different characteristics related to CO2 production and transport. Zones with wettable soil or low persistence of SWR with higher proportion of water filled pores are expected to provide water with high nutrient concentration resulting in higher microbial activity and CO2 production. Soil zones with high SWR persistence, on the other hand, are dominated by air filled pores with low microbial activity, but facilitating O2 supply and CO2 exchange between the soil and the atmosphere. The effects of soil moisture and SWR on soil CO2 efflux are strongly co-correlated, but the results of this study support the notion that SWR indirectly affects soil CO2 efflux by affecting soil moisture distribution. The appearance of SWR is influenced by moisture and temperature, but once present, SWR influences subsequent infiltration patterns and resulting soil water distribution, which in turn affects respiration. This study demonstrates that SWR can have contrasting effects on CO2 efflux. It can reduce it in dry soil zones by preventing their re-wetting, but, at the field soil scale and when spatially-variable, it can also enhance overall CO2 efflux. Spatial variability in SWR and associated soil moisture distribution therefore need to be considered when evaluating the effects of SWR on soil C dynamics under current and predicted future climatic conditions. Journal Article Biogeosciences 14 20 4781 4794 Copernicus GmbH 1726-4189 soil, water repellency, CO2 efflux 25 10 2017 2017-10-25 10.5194/bg-14-4781-2017 COLLEGE NANME Geography COLLEGE CODE SGE Swansea University 2020-12-18T16:27:42.5828911 2017-09-27T13:11:12.1235407 Faculty of Science and Engineering School of Biosciences, Geography and Physics - Geography Emilia Urbanek 0000-0002-7748-4416 1 Stefan Doerr 0000-0002-8700-9002 2 35686__7409__15a8898de68748909a4e5339a890464f.pdf Urbanek2017.pdf 2017-12-14T12:34:44.4670000 Output 6510142 application/pdf Version of Record true © Author(s) 2017. This work is distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License (CC-BY) true eng https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/
title CO2 efflux from soils with seasonal water repellency
spellingShingle CO2 efflux from soils with seasonal water repellency
Emilia Urbanek
Stefan Doerr
title_short CO2 efflux from soils with seasonal water repellency
title_full CO2 efflux from soils with seasonal water repellency
title_fullStr CO2 efflux from soils with seasonal water repellency
title_full_unstemmed CO2 efflux from soils with seasonal water repellency
title_sort CO2 efflux from soils with seasonal water repellency
author_id_str_mv 6d7e46bd913e12897d7f222ca78a718f
575eb5094f2328249328b3e43deb5088
author_id_fullname_str_mv 6d7e46bd913e12897d7f222ca78a718f_***_Emilia Urbanek
575eb5094f2328249328b3e43deb5088_***_Stefan Doerr
author Emilia Urbanek
Stefan Doerr
author2 Emilia Urbanek
Stefan Doerr
format Journal article
container_title Biogeosciences
container_volume 14
container_issue 20
container_start_page 4781
publishDate 2017
institution Swansea University
issn 1726-4189
doi_str_mv 10.5194/bg-14-4781-2017
publisher Copernicus GmbH
college_str Faculty of Science and Engineering
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hierarchy_top_id facultyofscienceandengineering
hierarchy_top_title Faculty of Science and Engineering
hierarchy_parent_id facultyofscienceandengineering
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department_str School of Biosciences, Geography and Physics - Geography{{{_:::_}}}Faculty of Science and Engineering{{{_:::_}}}School of Biosciences, Geography and Physics - Geography
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description Soil carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions are strongly dependent on pore water distribution, which in turn can be modified by reduced wettability. Many soils around the world are affected by soil water repellency (SWR), which reduces infiltration and results in diverse moisture distribution. SWR is temporally variable and soils can change from wettable to water-repellent and vice versa throughout the year. Effects of SWR on soil carbon (C) dynamics, and specifically on CO2 efflux, have only been studied in a few laboratory experiments and hence remain poorly understood. Existing studies suggest soil respiration is reduced with increasing severity of SWR, but the responses of soil CO2 efflux to varying water distribution created by SWR are not yet known. Here we report on the first field-based study that tests whether SWR indeed reduces soil CO2 efflux, based on in situ measurements carried out over three consecutive years at a grassland and pine forest sites under the humid temperate climate of the UK. Soil CO2 efflux was indeed very low on occasions when soil exhibited consistently high SWR and low soil moisture following long dry spells. Low CO2 efflux was also observed when SWR was absent, in spring and late autumn when soil temperatures were low, but also in summer when SWR was reduced by frequent rainfall events. The highest CO2 efflux occurred not when soil was wettable, but when SWR, and thus soil moisture, was spatially patchy, a pattern observed for the majority of the measurement period. Patchiness of SWR is likely to have created zones with two different characteristics related to CO2 production and transport. Zones with wettable soil or low persistence of SWR with higher proportion of water filled pores are expected to provide water with high nutrient concentration resulting in higher microbial activity and CO2 production. Soil zones with high SWR persistence, on the other hand, are dominated by air filled pores with low microbial activity, but facilitating O2 supply and CO2 exchange between the soil and the atmosphere. The effects of soil moisture and SWR on soil CO2 efflux are strongly co-correlated, but the results of this study support the notion that SWR indirectly affects soil CO2 efflux by affecting soil moisture distribution. The appearance of SWR is influenced by moisture and temperature, but once present, SWR influences subsequent infiltration patterns and resulting soil water distribution, which in turn affects respiration. This study demonstrates that SWR can have contrasting effects on CO2 efflux. It can reduce it in dry soil zones by preventing their re-wetting, but, at the field soil scale and when spatially-variable, it can also enhance overall CO2 efflux. Spatial variability in SWR and associated soil moisture distribution therefore need to be considered when evaluating the effects of SWR on soil C dynamics under current and predicted future climatic conditions.
published_date 2017-10-25T03:44:28Z
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score 11.016235

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