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Echinochrome A Release by Red Spherule Cells Is an Iron-Withholding Strategy of Sea Urchin Innate Immunity

Christopher Coates, Claire McCulloch, Joshua Betts, Tim Whalley

Journal of Innate Immunity, Volume: 10, Issue: 2, Pages: 119 - 130

Swansea University Author: Christopher Coates

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DOI (Published version): 10.1159/000484722

Abstract

Cellular immune defences in sea urchins are shared amongst the coelomocytes – a heterogeneous population of cells residing in the coelomic fluid (blood equivalent) and tissues. The most iconic coelomocyte morphotype is the red spherule cell (or amebocyte), so named due to the abundance of cytoplasmi...

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Published in: Journal of Innate Immunity
ISSN: 1662-811X 1662-8128
Published: Karger 2018
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URI: https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa36406
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spelling 2020-10-02T12:31:28.4149699 v2 36406 2017-10-30 Echinochrome A Release by Red Spherule Cells Is an Iron-Withholding Strategy of Sea Urchin Innate Immunity af160934b75bea5b8ba83d68b3d1a003 Christopher Coates Christopher Coates true false 2017-10-30 Cellular immune defences in sea urchins are shared amongst the coelomocytes – a heterogeneous population of cells residing in the coelomic fluid (blood equivalent) and tissues. The most iconic coelomocyte morphotype is the red spherule cell (or amebocyte), so named due to the abundance of cytoplasmic vesicles containing the naphthoquinone pigment, echinochrome A. Despite their identification over a century ago, and evidence of anti-septic properties, little progress has been made in characterising the immune-competence of these cells. Upon exposure of red spherule cells from sea urchins, Paracentrotus lividus and Psammechinus miliaris, to microbial ligands, intact microbes and damage signals, we observed cellular degranulation and increased detection of cell-free echinochrome in the coelomic fluid ex vivo. Treatment of the cells with ionomycin, a calcium-specific ionophore, confirmed that an increase in intracellular levels of Ca2+ ¬is a trigger of echinochrome release. Incubating Gram-positive/negative bacteria as well as yeast with lysates of red spherule cells led to significant reductions in colony-forming units. Such antimicrobial properties were counteracted by the addition of ferric iron (Fe3+), suggesting that echinochrome acts as a primitive iron chelator in echinoid biological defences. Journal Article Journal of Innate Immunity 10 2 119 130 Karger 1662-811X 1662-8128 coelomocytes; antimicrobial; damage response; degranulation; invertebrate immunity; Paracentrotus lividus; Psammechinus miliaris; 1 3 2018 2018-03-01 10.1159/000484722 https://www.karger.com/Article/Abstract/484722 C.J.C. and T.W. designed the research. All authors performedthe experiments. C.J.C. collated and analysed the data. C.J.C. preparedthis paper with input from T.W. COLLEGE NANME COLLEGE CODE Swansea University 2020-10-02T12:31:28.4149699 2017-10-30T10:27:33.3439337 Faculty of Science and Engineering School of Biosciences, Geography and Physics - Biosciences Christopher Coates 1 Claire McCulloch 2 Joshua Betts 3 Tim Whalley 4 0036406-30102017102938.pdf Coatesetal_EchinochromeManuscript_Acceptedversion.pdf 2017-10-30T10:29:38.5500000 Output 1359584 application/pdf Accepted Manuscript true 2017-12-22T00:00:00.0000000 true eng
title Echinochrome A Release by Red Spherule Cells Is an Iron-Withholding Strategy of Sea Urchin Innate Immunity
spellingShingle Echinochrome A Release by Red Spherule Cells Is an Iron-Withholding Strategy of Sea Urchin Innate Immunity
Christopher Coates
title_short Echinochrome A Release by Red Spherule Cells Is an Iron-Withholding Strategy of Sea Urchin Innate Immunity
title_full Echinochrome A Release by Red Spherule Cells Is an Iron-Withholding Strategy of Sea Urchin Innate Immunity
title_fullStr Echinochrome A Release by Red Spherule Cells Is an Iron-Withholding Strategy of Sea Urchin Innate Immunity
title_full_unstemmed Echinochrome A Release by Red Spherule Cells Is an Iron-Withholding Strategy of Sea Urchin Innate Immunity
title_sort Echinochrome A Release by Red Spherule Cells Is an Iron-Withholding Strategy of Sea Urchin Innate Immunity
author_id_str_mv af160934b75bea5b8ba83d68b3d1a003
author_id_fullname_str_mv af160934b75bea5b8ba83d68b3d1a003_***_Christopher Coates
author Christopher Coates
author2 Christopher Coates
Claire McCulloch
Joshua Betts
Tim Whalley
format Journal article
container_title Journal of Innate Immunity
container_volume 10
container_issue 2
container_start_page 119
publishDate 2018
institution Swansea University
issn 1662-811X
1662-8128
doi_str_mv 10.1159/000484722
publisher Karger
college_str Faculty of Science and Engineering
hierarchytype
hierarchy_top_id facultyofscienceandengineering
hierarchy_top_title Faculty of Science and Engineering
hierarchy_parent_id facultyofscienceandengineering
hierarchy_parent_title Faculty of Science and Engineering
department_str School of Biosciences, Geography and Physics - Biosciences{{{_:::_}}}Faculty of Science and Engineering{{{_:::_}}}School of Biosciences, Geography and Physics - Biosciences
url https://www.karger.com/Article/Abstract/484722
document_store_str 1
active_str 0
description Cellular immune defences in sea urchins are shared amongst the coelomocytes – a heterogeneous population of cells residing in the coelomic fluid (blood equivalent) and tissues. The most iconic coelomocyte morphotype is the red spherule cell (or amebocyte), so named due to the abundance of cytoplasmic vesicles containing the naphthoquinone pigment, echinochrome A. Despite their identification over a century ago, and evidence of anti-septic properties, little progress has been made in characterising the immune-competence of these cells. Upon exposure of red spherule cells from sea urchins, Paracentrotus lividus and Psammechinus miliaris, to microbial ligands, intact microbes and damage signals, we observed cellular degranulation and increased detection of cell-free echinochrome in the coelomic fluid ex vivo. Treatment of the cells with ionomycin, a calcium-specific ionophore, confirmed that an increase in intracellular levels of Ca2+ ¬is a trigger of echinochrome release. Incubating Gram-positive/negative bacteria as well as yeast with lysates of red spherule cells led to significant reductions in colony-forming units. Such antimicrobial properties were counteracted by the addition of ferric iron (Fe3+), suggesting that echinochrome acts as a primitive iron chelator in echinoid biological defences.
published_date 2018-03-01T03:45:32Z
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score 11.016235

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