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Electrodeposition of Tin-Bismuth Alloys: Additives, Morphologies and Compositions

A. R. Rajamani, Sathiskumar Jothi Orcid Logo, Madhav Datta, Murali Rangarajan

Journal of The Electrochemical Society, Volume: 165, Issue: 2, Pages: D50 - D57

Swansea University Author: Sathiskumar Jothi Orcid Logo

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DOI (Published version): 10.1149/2.1281714jes

Abstract

Electrodeposition of tin-bismuth alloys on polycrystalline copper electrodes has been studied from an acidic bath comprising SnCl4, Bi(NO3)3, citric acid, poly(vinyl alcohol) and betaine. Using linear sweep voltammetry (LSV) and chronoamperometry (CA), co-deposition of tin and bismuth from the above...

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Published in: Journal of The Electrochemical Society
ISSN: 0013-4651 1945-7111
Published: 2018
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URI: https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa37405
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spelling 2018-02-09T09:51:32.8575921 v2 37405 2017-12-11 Electrodeposition of Tin-Bismuth Alloys: Additives, Morphologies and Compositions 6cd28300413d3e63178f0bf7e2130569 0000-0001-7328-1112 Sathiskumar Jothi Sathiskumar Jothi true false 2017-12-11 EEN Electrodeposition of tin-bismuth alloys on polycrystalline copper electrodes has been studied from an acidic bath comprising SnCl4, Bi(NO3)3, citric acid, poly(vinyl alcohol) and betaine. Using linear sweep voltammetry (LSV) and chronoamperometry (CA), co-deposition of tin and bismuth from the above bath has been examined. Bismuth (III) ions get reduced in a single-step, three-electron-transfer reaction while tin (IV) ions undergo a two-step reduction through the formation of tin (II) ions. Nitric acid in the bath not only enhances solubility of the precursors but also decreases the peak potential separation between bismuth (III) and tin (II) ions. Through the introduction of various additives and variation in bath pH, co-deposition is preserved while the composition of tin in the obtained alloy is modified. The morphologies, composition and crystallinity of the deposits have been determined using scanning electron microscopy, inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction, respectively. A wide range of alloy compositions (from 14% to 75% tin), including the eutectic Sn-Bi alloy have been deposited. Novel morphologies such as yarns-of-spool have been obtained. Journal Article Journal of The Electrochemical Society 165 2 D50 D57 0013-4651 1945-7111 additives, electrodeposition, tin-bismuth alloys 31 12 2018 2018-12-31 10.1149/2.1281714jes COLLEGE NANME Engineering COLLEGE CODE EEN Swansea University 2018-02-09T09:51:32.8575921 2017-12-11T13:13:51.1343775 Faculty of Science and Engineering School of Engineering and Applied Sciences - Uncategorised A. R. Rajamani 1 Sathiskumar Jothi 0000-0001-7328-1112 2 Madhav Datta 3 Murali Rangarajan 4 0037405-11122017131606.pdf Rajamani2017.pdf 2017-12-11T13:16:06.7370000 Output 1731895 application/pdf Accepted Manuscript true 2017-12-11T00:00:00.0000000 false eng
title Electrodeposition of Tin-Bismuth Alloys: Additives, Morphologies and Compositions
spellingShingle Electrodeposition of Tin-Bismuth Alloys: Additives, Morphologies and Compositions
Sathiskumar Jothi
title_short Electrodeposition of Tin-Bismuth Alloys: Additives, Morphologies and Compositions
title_full Electrodeposition of Tin-Bismuth Alloys: Additives, Morphologies and Compositions
title_fullStr Electrodeposition of Tin-Bismuth Alloys: Additives, Morphologies and Compositions
title_full_unstemmed Electrodeposition of Tin-Bismuth Alloys: Additives, Morphologies and Compositions
title_sort Electrodeposition of Tin-Bismuth Alloys: Additives, Morphologies and Compositions
author_id_str_mv 6cd28300413d3e63178f0bf7e2130569
author_id_fullname_str_mv 6cd28300413d3e63178f0bf7e2130569_***_Sathiskumar Jothi
author Sathiskumar Jothi
author2 A. R. Rajamani
Sathiskumar Jothi
Madhav Datta
Murali Rangarajan
format Journal article
container_title Journal of The Electrochemical Society
container_volume 165
container_issue 2
container_start_page D50
publishDate 2018
institution Swansea University
issn 0013-4651
1945-7111
doi_str_mv 10.1149/2.1281714jes
college_str Faculty of Science and Engineering
hierarchytype
hierarchy_top_id facultyofscienceandengineering
hierarchy_top_title Faculty of Science and Engineering
hierarchy_parent_id facultyofscienceandengineering
hierarchy_parent_title Faculty of Science and Engineering
department_str School of Engineering and Applied Sciences - Uncategorised{{{_:::_}}}Faculty of Science and Engineering{{{_:::_}}}School of Engineering and Applied Sciences - Uncategorised
document_store_str 1
active_str 0
description Electrodeposition of tin-bismuth alloys on polycrystalline copper electrodes has been studied from an acidic bath comprising SnCl4, Bi(NO3)3, citric acid, poly(vinyl alcohol) and betaine. Using linear sweep voltammetry (LSV) and chronoamperometry (CA), co-deposition of tin and bismuth from the above bath has been examined. Bismuth (III) ions get reduced in a single-step, three-electron-transfer reaction while tin (IV) ions undergo a two-step reduction through the formation of tin (II) ions. Nitric acid in the bath not only enhances solubility of the precursors but also decreases the peak potential separation between bismuth (III) and tin (II) ions. Through the introduction of various additives and variation in bath pH, co-deposition is preserved while the composition of tin in the obtained alloy is modified. The morphologies, composition and crystallinity of the deposits have been determined using scanning electron microscopy, inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction, respectively. A wide range of alloy compositions (from 14% to 75% tin), including the eutectic Sn-Bi alloy have been deposited. Novel morphologies such as yarns-of-spool have been obtained.
published_date 2018-12-31T03:47:07Z
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score 11.012678

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