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Basal and stress-induced salivary testosterone variation across the menstrual cycle and linkage to motivation and muscle power

Christian J Cook, Liam Kilduff Orcid Logo, Blair T Crewther

Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports

Swansea University Author: Liam Kilduff Orcid Logo

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DOI (Published version): 10.1111/sms.13041

Abstract

This study investigated salivary testosterone (sal-T) variation across the menstrual cycle in female athletes, at different competitive levels, and its association with motivation and neuromuscular power. Six elite and 16 non-elite female athletes were monitored on days 7 (D7), 14 (D14) and 21 (D21)...

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Published in: Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports
ISSN: 0905-7188
Published: 2017
Online Access: Check full text

URI: https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa37595
first_indexed 2017-12-14T20:29:56Z
last_indexed 2018-02-09T05:31:08Z
id cronfa37595
recordtype SURis
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spelling 2018-01-09T10:35:25.5478313 v2 37595 2017-12-14 Basal and stress-induced salivary testosterone variation across the menstrual cycle and linkage to motivation and muscle power 972ed9a1dda7a0de20581a0f8350be98 0000-0001-9449-2293 Liam Kilduff Liam Kilduff true false 2017-12-14 EAAS This study investigated salivary testosterone (sal-T) variation across the menstrual cycle in female athletes, at different competitive levels, and its association with motivation and neuromuscular power. Six elite and 16 non-elite female athletes were monitored on days 7 (D7), 14 (D14) and 21 (D21) across three menstrual cycles for basal sal-T concentrations and self-appraised motivation to train and compete. Two further measures were taken on D7, D14 and D21 across two menstrual cycles; (1) the sal-T response (delta change) to a physical stress test and (2) peak power (PP) response to a 6-sec cycle sprint following a post-activation potentiation (PAP) stimulus. Basal sal-T concentrations increased by 17±27% from D7 to D14 before decreasing by -25±43% on D21 (p<0.05), but this result was biased by elite females with higher sal-T (>102%) who showed larger menstrual changes. Motivation, sal-T reactivity to stress and the PP responses to a PAP stimulus also varied by testing day (p<0.05), in parallel to basal sal-T and in favour of the elite group. Furthermore, stronger within-subject relationships (p<0.001) between basal sal-T and motivation emerged in the elites (r = 0.70-0.75) versus the non-elites (r = 0.41-0.50). In conclusion, menstrual cycle changes in sal-T were more obvious in high-performing female athletes with higher sal-T concentrations. This was accompanied by greater training motivation, a more pronounced sal-T response to a physical stressor and greater neuromuscular power in the elite group. These results support observations that female athletes with higher T are more represented at elite levels of performance. Journal Article Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports 0905-7188 Anabolic; Androgens; Trainability; Recovery; Adaptation 31 12 2017 2017-12-31 10.1111/sms.13041 COLLEGE NANME Engineering and Applied Sciences School COLLEGE CODE EAAS Swansea University 2018-01-09T10:35:25.5478313 2017-12-14T14:27:22.4987660 Faculty of Science and Engineering School of Aerospace, Civil, Electrical, General and Mechanical Engineering - Sport and Exercise Sciences Christian J Cook 1 Liam Kilduff 0000-0001-9449-2293 2 Blair T Crewther 3 0037595-15122017085319.pdf cook2017.pdf 2017-12-15T08:53:19.7930000 Output 2320619 application/pdf Accepted Manuscript true 2018-12-21T00:00:00.0000000 false eng
title Basal and stress-induced salivary testosterone variation across the menstrual cycle and linkage to motivation and muscle power
spellingShingle Basal and stress-induced salivary testosterone variation across the menstrual cycle and linkage to motivation and muscle power
Liam Kilduff
title_short Basal and stress-induced salivary testosterone variation across the menstrual cycle and linkage to motivation and muscle power
title_full Basal and stress-induced salivary testosterone variation across the menstrual cycle and linkage to motivation and muscle power
title_fullStr Basal and stress-induced salivary testosterone variation across the menstrual cycle and linkage to motivation and muscle power
title_full_unstemmed Basal and stress-induced salivary testosterone variation across the menstrual cycle and linkage to motivation and muscle power
title_sort Basal and stress-induced salivary testosterone variation across the menstrual cycle and linkage to motivation and muscle power
author_id_str_mv 972ed9a1dda7a0de20581a0f8350be98
author_id_fullname_str_mv 972ed9a1dda7a0de20581a0f8350be98_***_Liam Kilduff
author Liam Kilduff
author2 Christian J Cook
Liam Kilduff
Blair T Crewther
format Journal article
container_title Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports
publishDate 2017
institution Swansea University
issn 0905-7188
doi_str_mv 10.1111/sms.13041
college_str Faculty of Science and Engineering
hierarchytype
hierarchy_top_id facultyofscienceandengineering
hierarchy_top_title Faculty of Science and Engineering
hierarchy_parent_id facultyofscienceandengineering
hierarchy_parent_title Faculty of Science and Engineering
department_str School of Aerospace, Civil, Electrical, General and Mechanical Engineering - Sport and Exercise Sciences{{{_:::_}}}Faculty of Science and Engineering{{{_:::_}}}School of Aerospace, Civil, Electrical, General and Mechanical Engineering - Sport and Exercise Sciences
document_store_str 1
active_str 0
description This study investigated salivary testosterone (sal-T) variation across the menstrual cycle in female athletes, at different competitive levels, and its association with motivation and neuromuscular power. Six elite and 16 non-elite female athletes were monitored on days 7 (D7), 14 (D14) and 21 (D21) across three menstrual cycles for basal sal-T concentrations and self-appraised motivation to train and compete. Two further measures were taken on D7, D14 and D21 across two menstrual cycles; (1) the sal-T response (delta change) to a physical stress test and (2) peak power (PP) response to a 6-sec cycle sprint following a post-activation potentiation (PAP) stimulus. Basal sal-T concentrations increased by 17±27% from D7 to D14 before decreasing by -25±43% on D21 (p<0.05), but this result was biased by elite females with higher sal-T (>102%) who showed larger menstrual changes. Motivation, sal-T reactivity to stress and the PP responses to a PAP stimulus also varied by testing day (p<0.05), in parallel to basal sal-T and in favour of the elite group. Furthermore, stronger within-subject relationships (p<0.001) between basal sal-T and motivation emerged in the elites (r = 0.70-0.75) versus the non-elites (r = 0.41-0.50). In conclusion, menstrual cycle changes in sal-T were more obvious in high-performing female athletes with higher sal-T concentrations. This was accompanied by greater training motivation, a more pronounced sal-T response to a physical stressor and greater neuromuscular power in the elite group. These results support observations that female athletes with higher T are more represented at elite levels of performance.
published_date 2017-12-31T04:13:30Z
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score 11.090091

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