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Hydrogen-enriched natural gas as a domestic fuel: An analysis based on flash-back and blow-off limits for domestic natural gas appliances within the UK

Daniel Jones, Waheed Al-Masry, Charlie Dunnill Orcid Logo

Sustainable Energy & Fuels, Volume: 2, Issue: 4, Pages: 710 - 723

Swansea University Authors: Daniel Jones, Charlie Dunnill Orcid Logo

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DOI (Published version): 10.1039/C7SE00598A

Abstract

In the effort to reduce carbon emissions from an ever-increasing global population, it has become increasingly vital to monitor and counteract the environmental impact of our domestic energy usage given its contribution to overall carbon emissions. To this end, hydrogen has emerged as a foremost can...

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Published in: Sustainable Energy & Fuels
ISSN: 2398-4902 2398-4902
Published: 2018
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URI: https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa38397
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spelling 2022-04-27T12:05:38.5348075 v2 38397 2018-02-06 Hydrogen-enriched natural gas as a domestic fuel: An analysis based on flash-back and blow-off limits for domestic natural gas appliances within the UK 88aaf2ee4c51d4405ef7f81e2e8f7bdb Daniel Jones Daniel Jones true false 0c4af8958eda0d2e914a5edc3210cd9e 0000-0003-4052-6931 Charlie Dunnill Charlie Dunnill true false 2018-02-06 MECH In the effort to reduce carbon emissions from an ever-increasing global population, it has become increasingly vital to monitor and counteract the environmental impact of our domestic energy usage given its contribution to overall carbon emissions. To this end, hydrogen has emerged as a foremost candidate to offset and eventually replace the use of traditional gaseous fossil fuels. Hydrogen as the universal energy carrier or vector is easily produced from all forms of renewable or recovered energy as a storable, transportable commodity that can be used on demand, thus decoupling the supply from demand that is often considered to be the down-side of intermittent renewable energy usage. European trials have already been conducted to investigate the practical implementation of hydrogen-enriched natural gas (HENG) within a mains gas supply. In this work, the limitations of such a strategy are evaluated based on a novel meta-analysis of experimental studies within the literature, with a focus on the constraints imposed by the phenomena of flash-back and blow-off. Through consideration of the Wobbe Index, we discuss the relationship between molar hydrogen percentage and annual carbon dioxide output, as well as the predicted effect of hydrogen-enrichment on fuel costs. It is further shown that in addition to suppressing both blow-off and yellow-tipping, hydrogen-enrichment of natural gas does not significantly increase the risk of flash-back on ignition for realistic burner setups, while flash-back at extinction is avoided for circular port diameters of less than 3.5 mm unless the proportion of hydrogen exceeds 34.7 mol%. It is thus proposed that up to 30 mol% of the natural gas supply may be replaced in the UK with guaranteed safety and reliability for the domestic end-user, without any modification of the appliance infrastructure. Journal Article Sustainable Energy & Fuels 2 4 710 723 2398-4902 2398-4902 2 4 2018 2018-04-02 10.1039/C7SE00598A COLLEGE NANME Mechanical Engineering COLLEGE CODE MECH Swansea University 2022-04-27T12:05:38.5348075 2018-02-06T09:11:04.2057896 Faculty of Science and Engineering School of Aerospace, Civil, Electrical, General and Mechanical Engineering - Mechanical Engineering Daniel Jones 1 Waheed Al-Masry 2 Charlie Dunnill 0000-0003-4052-6931 3 0038397-06022018091224.pdf jones2018.pdf 2018-02-06T09:12:24.7330000 Output 1736835 application/pdf Accepted Manuscript true 2019-02-05T00:00:00.0000000 true eng
title Hydrogen-enriched natural gas as a domestic fuel: An analysis based on flash-back and blow-off limits for domestic natural gas appliances within the UK
spellingShingle Hydrogen-enriched natural gas as a domestic fuel: An analysis based on flash-back and blow-off limits for domestic natural gas appliances within the UK
Daniel Jones
Charlie Dunnill
title_short Hydrogen-enriched natural gas as a domestic fuel: An analysis based on flash-back and blow-off limits for domestic natural gas appliances within the UK
title_full Hydrogen-enriched natural gas as a domestic fuel: An analysis based on flash-back and blow-off limits for domestic natural gas appliances within the UK
title_fullStr Hydrogen-enriched natural gas as a domestic fuel: An analysis based on flash-back and blow-off limits for domestic natural gas appliances within the UK
title_full_unstemmed Hydrogen-enriched natural gas as a domestic fuel: An analysis based on flash-back and blow-off limits for domestic natural gas appliances within the UK
title_sort Hydrogen-enriched natural gas as a domestic fuel: An analysis based on flash-back and blow-off limits for domestic natural gas appliances within the UK
author_id_str_mv 88aaf2ee4c51d4405ef7f81e2e8f7bdb
0c4af8958eda0d2e914a5edc3210cd9e
author_id_fullname_str_mv 88aaf2ee4c51d4405ef7f81e2e8f7bdb_***_Daniel Jones
0c4af8958eda0d2e914a5edc3210cd9e_***_Charlie Dunnill
author Daniel Jones
Charlie Dunnill
author2 Daniel Jones
Waheed Al-Masry
Charlie Dunnill
format Journal article
container_title Sustainable Energy & Fuels
container_volume 2
container_issue 4
container_start_page 710
publishDate 2018
institution Swansea University
issn 2398-4902
2398-4902
doi_str_mv 10.1039/C7SE00598A
college_str Faculty of Science and Engineering
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hierarchy_top_id facultyofscienceandengineering
hierarchy_top_title Faculty of Science and Engineering
hierarchy_parent_id facultyofscienceandengineering
hierarchy_parent_title Faculty of Science and Engineering
department_str School of Aerospace, Civil, Electrical, General and Mechanical Engineering - Mechanical Engineering{{{_:::_}}}Faculty of Science and Engineering{{{_:::_}}}School of Aerospace, Civil, Electrical, General and Mechanical Engineering - Mechanical Engineering
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description In the effort to reduce carbon emissions from an ever-increasing global population, it has become increasingly vital to monitor and counteract the environmental impact of our domestic energy usage given its contribution to overall carbon emissions. To this end, hydrogen has emerged as a foremost candidate to offset and eventually replace the use of traditional gaseous fossil fuels. Hydrogen as the universal energy carrier or vector is easily produced from all forms of renewable or recovered energy as a storable, transportable commodity that can be used on demand, thus decoupling the supply from demand that is often considered to be the down-side of intermittent renewable energy usage. European trials have already been conducted to investigate the practical implementation of hydrogen-enriched natural gas (HENG) within a mains gas supply. In this work, the limitations of such a strategy are evaluated based on a novel meta-analysis of experimental studies within the literature, with a focus on the constraints imposed by the phenomena of flash-back and blow-off. Through consideration of the Wobbe Index, we discuss the relationship between molar hydrogen percentage and annual carbon dioxide output, as well as the predicted effect of hydrogen-enrichment on fuel costs. It is further shown that in addition to suppressing both blow-off and yellow-tipping, hydrogen-enrichment of natural gas does not significantly increase the risk of flash-back on ignition for realistic burner setups, while flash-back at extinction is avoided for circular port diameters of less than 3.5 mm unless the proportion of hydrogen exceeds 34.7 mol%. It is thus proposed that up to 30 mol% of the natural gas supply may be replaced in the UK with guaranteed safety and reliability for the domestic end-user, without any modification of the appliance infrastructure.
published_date 2018-04-02T03:48:34Z
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