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Pressure Retarded Osmosis (PRO): Past experiences, current developments, and future prospects

S. Sarp, Z. Li, J. Saththasivam, Sarper Sarp Orcid Logo

Desalination, Volume: 389, Pages: 2 - 14

Swansea University Author: Sarper Sarp Orcid Logo

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DOI (Published version): 10.1016/j.desal.2015.12.008

Abstract

Pressure Retarded Osmosis (PRO) has attracted worldwide attention with respect to its salinity gradient energy production potential, and low energy desalination applications. PRO processes, which use Seawater Reverse Osmosis (SWRO) brine as draw solutions, have a higher potential of being applied to...

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Published in: Desalination
ISSN: 0011-9164
Published: 2016
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URI: https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa39645
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spelling 2019-04-01T11:06:11.0288558 v2 39645 2018-04-30 Pressure Retarded Osmosis (PRO): Past experiences, current developments, and future prospects ca341f0a3e516f888e12d2710d06e043 0000-0003-3866-1026 Sarper Sarp Sarper Sarp true false 2018-04-30 CHEG Pressure Retarded Osmosis (PRO) has attracted worldwide attention with respect to its salinity gradient energy production potential, and low energy desalination applications. PRO processes, which use Seawater Reverse Osmosis (SWRO) brine as draw solutions, have a higher potential of being applied to any new, and existing membrane based seawater desalination systems, as an energy production and/or conservation process. Hydraulic pressure is applied on a high salinity draw solution, and the hydraulic pressure of the high salinity draw solution can be kept relatively constant during operation, even though the volumetric flow rate is to be increased. Therefore, the draw side of the PRO process can be considered near-isobaric, in most cases. The harvested Gibbs free energy of mixing, and the volumetric expansion can explain this near-isobaric behavior of the draw side in the PRO process. Thus, PRO can be used to multiply the internal energy of the draw solution with respect to the ratio of the permeated water flux. Even though PRO has very high theoretical potential for energy production and/or recovery, there are several shortcomings, which should be answered before the realization of the scale up applications, such as; thermodynamic process optimization, high power density membranes, and high efficiency hydraulic pressure conversion and recovery systems. This review gives detailed information about the PRO process including; (1) theoretical background, (2) membranes for PRO, (3) experimental and large scale applications, and (4) economic feasibility of PRO applications. Journal Article Desalination 389 2 14 0011-9164 Pressure Retarded Osmosis, Salinity gradient processes. PRO membranes. Process optimization for PRO, SWRO–PRO hybrid process, Economic feasibility of PRO 1 7 2016 2016-07-01 10.1016/j.desal.2015.12.008 COLLEGE NANME Chemical Engineering COLLEGE CODE CHEG Swansea University 2019-04-01T11:06:11.0288558 2018-04-30T14:58:45.6781344 Faculty of Science and Engineering School of Engineering and Applied Sciences - Chemical Engineering S. Sarp 1 Z. Li 2 J. Saththasivam 3 Sarper Sarp 0000-0003-3866-1026 4
title Pressure Retarded Osmosis (PRO): Past experiences, current developments, and future prospects
spellingShingle Pressure Retarded Osmosis (PRO): Past experiences, current developments, and future prospects
Sarper Sarp
title_short Pressure Retarded Osmosis (PRO): Past experiences, current developments, and future prospects
title_full Pressure Retarded Osmosis (PRO): Past experiences, current developments, and future prospects
title_fullStr Pressure Retarded Osmosis (PRO): Past experiences, current developments, and future prospects
title_full_unstemmed Pressure Retarded Osmosis (PRO): Past experiences, current developments, and future prospects
title_sort Pressure Retarded Osmosis (PRO): Past experiences, current developments, and future prospects
author_id_str_mv ca341f0a3e516f888e12d2710d06e043
author_id_fullname_str_mv ca341f0a3e516f888e12d2710d06e043_***_Sarper Sarp
author Sarper Sarp
author2 S. Sarp
Z. Li
J. Saththasivam
Sarper Sarp
format Journal article
container_title Desalination
container_volume 389
container_start_page 2
publishDate 2016
institution Swansea University
issn 0011-9164
doi_str_mv 10.1016/j.desal.2015.12.008
college_str Faculty of Science and Engineering
hierarchytype
hierarchy_top_id facultyofscienceandengineering
hierarchy_top_title Faculty of Science and Engineering
hierarchy_parent_id facultyofscienceandengineering
hierarchy_parent_title Faculty of Science and Engineering
department_str School of Engineering and Applied Sciences - Chemical Engineering{{{_:::_}}}Faculty of Science and Engineering{{{_:::_}}}School of Engineering and Applied Sciences - Chemical Engineering
document_store_str 0
active_str 0
description Pressure Retarded Osmosis (PRO) has attracted worldwide attention with respect to its salinity gradient energy production potential, and low energy desalination applications. PRO processes, which use Seawater Reverse Osmosis (SWRO) brine as draw solutions, have a higher potential of being applied to any new, and existing membrane based seawater desalination systems, as an energy production and/or conservation process. Hydraulic pressure is applied on a high salinity draw solution, and the hydraulic pressure of the high salinity draw solution can be kept relatively constant during operation, even though the volumetric flow rate is to be increased. Therefore, the draw side of the PRO process can be considered near-isobaric, in most cases. The harvested Gibbs free energy of mixing, and the volumetric expansion can explain this near-isobaric behavior of the draw side in the PRO process. Thus, PRO can be used to multiply the internal energy of the draw solution with respect to the ratio of the permeated water flux. Even though PRO has very high theoretical potential for energy production and/or recovery, there are several shortcomings, which should be answered before the realization of the scale up applications, such as; thermodynamic process optimization, high power density membranes, and high efficiency hydraulic pressure conversion and recovery systems. This review gives detailed information about the PRO process including; (1) theoretical background, (2) membranes for PRO, (3) experimental and large scale applications, and (4) economic feasibility of PRO applications.
published_date 2016-07-01T03:50:23Z
_version_ 1763752462450163712
score 11.012678

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