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Mapping of Corrosion Sites in Advanced Gas-cooled Reactor Fuel Cladding in Long Term Pond Storage / Ronald N. Clark

Swansea University Author: Ronald N. Clark

DOI (Published version): 10.23889/SUthesis.40783

Abstract

This thesis aims to investigate sites where corrosion initiates on an austenitic stainless steel used to encapsulate advanced gas-cooled nuclear reactor fuel when in long term pond storage and subsequently provide insight into what happens when corrosion propagates. The combination of both a critica...

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Published: 2018
Institution: Swansea University
Degree level: Doctoral
Degree name: Ph.D
URI: https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa40783
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first_indexed 2018-06-21T13:26:51Z
last_indexed 2020-09-02T03:04:46Z
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spelling 2020-09-01T16:19:48.4977763 v2 40783 2018-06-21 Mapping of Corrosion Sites in Advanced Gas-cooled Reactor Fuel Cladding in Long Term Pond Storage eff2b951eb21917b4b734c665b2cbd8c 0000-0002-5844-7716 Ronald N. Clark Ronald N. Clark true true 2018-06-21 This thesis aims to investigate sites where corrosion initiates on an austenitic stainless steel used to encapsulate advanced gas-cooled nuclear reactor fuel when in long term pond storage and subsequently provide insight into what happens when corrosion propagates. The combination of both a critical temperature and radiation dose within the reactor core may lead to very small quantities of this stainless steel becoming sensitised. The first chapter is a discussion on the literature and past study on the subject. Within the second chapter, analysis of the stainless steel in an as-received format is undertaken, and is relevant, given that only a very small quantity of cladding may be rendered sensitised. This chapter includes an investigation into Cl- concentration and temperature dependence.The third chapter focuses on identifying the initiation points of localised intergranular corrosion (IGC) in freely corroding and perturbed environments. An in-situ time-lapse microscopy and scanning vibrating electrode technique investigation are used in conjunction with post corrosion microscopy to study areas affected by IGC. The fourth chapter describes a higher resolution approach to investigating the initiation point of IGC. A scanning Kelvin probe force microscope is used to map the surfaces for areas in which corrosion may occur, while an atomic force microscope was used to provide high resolution images of tens of grains undergoing in-situ IGC. The aim of the final chapter is to provide an insight into reducing corrosion rates using an NaOH pre-treatment. NaOH is used in two different concentrations to study the effect on the free corrosion and breakdown potentials (Ecorr and Eb) on as-received and sensitised 20/25/Nb.This study will provide a scientic backbone that the industry may use to target areas of further research, helping provide ongoing safe storage of spent nuclear fuel in the UK. E-Thesis Corrosion, Nuclear, Advanced Gas-cooled Reactor, Stainless Steel, Scanning Vibrating Electrode, Time Lapse Microscopy 31 12 2018 2018-12-31 10.23889/SUthesis.40783 COLLEGE NANME Engineering COLLEGE CODE Swansea University Doctoral Ph.D Nuclear Decommissioning Authority 2020-09-01T16:19:48.4977763 2018-06-21T10:40:12.2257082 Faculty of Science and Engineering School of Engineering and Applied Sciences - Uncategorised Ronald N. Clark 0000-0002-5844-7716 1 0040783-21062018104124.pdf Clark_Ronald_N_PhD_Thesis.pdf 2018-06-21T10:41:24.8600000 Output 112775210 application/pdf E-Thesis – open access true 2018-06-21T00:00:00.0000000 true
title Mapping of Corrosion Sites in Advanced Gas-cooled Reactor Fuel Cladding in Long Term Pond Storage
spellingShingle Mapping of Corrosion Sites in Advanced Gas-cooled Reactor Fuel Cladding in Long Term Pond Storage
Ronald N. Clark
title_short Mapping of Corrosion Sites in Advanced Gas-cooled Reactor Fuel Cladding in Long Term Pond Storage
title_full Mapping of Corrosion Sites in Advanced Gas-cooled Reactor Fuel Cladding in Long Term Pond Storage
title_fullStr Mapping of Corrosion Sites in Advanced Gas-cooled Reactor Fuel Cladding in Long Term Pond Storage
title_full_unstemmed Mapping of Corrosion Sites in Advanced Gas-cooled Reactor Fuel Cladding in Long Term Pond Storage
title_sort Mapping of Corrosion Sites in Advanced Gas-cooled Reactor Fuel Cladding in Long Term Pond Storage
author_id_str_mv eff2b951eb21917b4b734c665b2cbd8c
author_id_fullname_str_mv eff2b951eb21917b4b734c665b2cbd8c_***_Ronald N. Clark
author Ronald N. Clark
author2 Ronald N. Clark
format E-Thesis
publishDate 2018
institution Swansea University
doi_str_mv 10.23889/SUthesis.40783
college_str Faculty of Science and Engineering
hierarchytype
hierarchy_top_id facultyofscienceandengineering
hierarchy_top_title Faculty of Science and Engineering
hierarchy_parent_id facultyofscienceandengineering
hierarchy_parent_title Faculty of Science and Engineering
department_str School of Engineering and Applied Sciences - Uncategorised{{{_:::_}}}Faculty of Science and Engineering{{{_:::_}}}School of Engineering and Applied Sciences - Uncategorised
document_store_str 1
active_str 0
description This thesis aims to investigate sites where corrosion initiates on an austenitic stainless steel used to encapsulate advanced gas-cooled nuclear reactor fuel when in long term pond storage and subsequently provide insight into what happens when corrosion propagates. The combination of both a critical temperature and radiation dose within the reactor core may lead to very small quantities of this stainless steel becoming sensitised. The first chapter is a discussion on the literature and past study on the subject. Within the second chapter, analysis of the stainless steel in an as-received format is undertaken, and is relevant, given that only a very small quantity of cladding may be rendered sensitised. This chapter includes an investigation into Cl- concentration and temperature dependence.The third chapter focuses on identifying the initiation points of localised intergranular corrosion (IGC) in freely corroding and perturbed environments. An in-situ time-lapse microscopy and scanning vibrating electrode technique investigation are used in conjunction with post corrosion microscopy to study areas affected by IGC. The fourth chapter describes a higher resolution approach to investigating the initiation point of IGC. A scanning Kelvin probe force microscope is used to map the surfaces for areas in which corrosion may occur, while an atomic force microscope was used to provide high resolution images of tens of grains undergoing in-situ IGC. The aim of the final chapter is to provide an insight into reducing corrosion rates using an NaOH pre-treatment. NaOH is used in two different concentrations to study the effect on the free corrosion and breakdown potentials (Ecorr and Eb) on as-received and sensitised 20/25/Nb.This study will provide a scientic backbone that the industry may use to target areas of further research, helping provide ongoing safe storage of spent nuclear fuel in the UK.
published_date 2018-12-31T03:51:55Z
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score 11.035874

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