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Memory for the future: Implications of implicit cognitions in depression. / Liv-Erna Kosnes

Swansea University Author: Liv-Erna Kosnes

Abstract

A consistent feature of clinical depression emphasised in several theories is a pessimistic view of one's personal future. The literature divides future cognitions into positive versus negative with reduced positive future cognitions linked to depression and suicidal ideation. This reduction in...

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Published: 2010
Institution: Swansea University
Degree level: Doctoral
Degree name: Ph.D
URI: https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa42289
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last_indexed 2018-08-03T10:09:45Z
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spelling 2018-08-02T16:24:28.6981882 v2 42289 2018-08-02 Memory for the future: Implications of implicit cognitions in depression. 4a58af7b72e19c73dfa491266a1cca5d NULL Liv-Erna Kosnes Liv-Erna Kosnes true true 2018-08-02 A consistent feature of clinical depression emphasised in several theories is a pessimistic view of one's personal future. The literature divides future cognitions into positive versus negative with reduced positive future cognitions linked to depression and suicidal ideation. This reduction in future cognitions has been linked to impaired autobiographical memory and emotional avoidance. Specifically, a lack of willingness to access personal past experiences influences future cognitions and subsequently future behaviour. Attempted avoidance of painful past events can generalise to reduced contact with all past experiences, positive and negative. The current thesis had three main aims. First, it aimed to determine the differences, or as the emerging literature suggests, the similarities, in thinking about the future and the past in sub clinically depressed versus non-depressed individuals. Implicit future cognitions and past experiences were related to emotional avoidance in a sub clinical sample. The second aim of the current work was to offer an alternative to the use of self report measures in the future and past thinking literature. To that end, a robust and accurate implicit measure of positive future expectations in depression was tested in a sub clinical sample. This implicit methodology proved a better indicator of depression and hopelessness when compared to widely used explicit methodologies. Finally, the thesis aimed to provide analogue evidence of techniques for the remediation of pessimistic thinking as is characteristic in depression, namely mindfulness and values clarification. Mindfulness and values clarification were demonstrated to be useful techniques in the remediation of pessimistic cognitions with increased acceptance of re- or pre-living personally relevant negative experiences allowing for greater psychological flexibility. Taken together the experimental series reported herein suggests that implicit positive cognitions about the past and future are related to sub clinical depression. Additionally, mindfulness- and values-based skills can moderate the link between past and future cognitions and sub clinical depression. E-Thesis Clinical psychology. 31 12 2010 2010-12-31 COLLEGE NANME Psychology COLLEGE CODE Swansea University Doctoral Ph.D 2018-08-02T16:24:28.6981882 2018-08-02T16:24:28.6981882 Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences School of Psychology Liv-Erna Kosnes NULL 1 0042289-02082018162442.pdf 10797997.pdf 2018-08-02T16:24:42.7370000 Output 23140914 application/pdf E-Thesis true 2018-08-02T16:24:42.7370000 false
title Memory for the future: Implications of implicit cognitions in depression.
spellingShingle Memory for the future: Implications of implicit cognitions in depression.
Liv-Erna Kosnes
title_short Memory for the future: Implications of implicit cognitions in depression.
title_full Memory for the future: Implications of implicit cognitions in depression.
title_fullStr Memory for the future: Implications of implicit cognitions in depression.
title_full_unstemmed Memory for the future: Implications of implicit cognitions in depression.
title_sort Memory for the future: Implications of implicit cognitions in depression.
author_id_str_mv 4a58af7b72e19c73dfa491266a1cca5d
author_id_fullname_str_mv 4a58af7b72e19c73dfa491266a1cca5d_***_Liv-Erna Kosnes
author Liv-Erna Kosnes
author2 Liv-Erna Kosnes
format E-Thesis
publishDate 2010
institution Swansea University
college_str Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences
hierarchytype
hierarchy_top_id facultyofmedicinehealthandlifesciences
hierarchy_top_title Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences
hierarchy_parent_id facultyofmedicinehealthandlifesciences
hierarchy_parent_title Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences
department_str School of Psychology{{{_:::_}}}Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences{{{_:::_}}}School of Psychology
document_store_str 1
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description A consistent feature of clinical depression emphasised in several theories is a pessimistic view of one's personal future. The literature divides future cognitions into positive versus negative with reduced positive future cognitions linked to depression and suicidal ideation. This reduction in future cognitions has been linked to impaired autobiographical memory and emotional avoidance. Specifically, a lack of willingness to access personal past experiences influences future cognitions and subsequently future behaviour. Attempted avoidance of painful past events can generalise to reduced contact with all past experiences, positive and negative. The current thesis had three main aims. First, it aimed to determine the differences, or as the emerging literature suggests, the similarities, in thinking about the future and the past in sub clinically depressed versus non-depressed individuals. Implicit future cognitions and past experiences were related to emotional avoidance in a sub clinical sample. The second aim of the current work was to offer an alternative to the use of self report measures in the future and past thinking literature. To that end, a robust and accurate implicit measure of positive future expectations in depression was tested in a sub clinical sample. This implicit methodology proved a better indicator of depression and hopelessness when compared to widely used explicit methodologies. Finally, the thesis aimed to provide analogue evidence of techniques for the remediation of pessimistic thinking as is characteristic in depression, namely mindfulness and values clarification. Mindfulness and values clarification were demonstrated to be useful techniques in the remediation of pessimistic cognitions with increased acceptance of re- or pre-living personally relevant negative experiences allowing for greater psychological flexibility. Taken together the experimental series reported herein suggests that implicit positive cognitions about the past and future are related to sub clinical depression. Additionally, mindfulness- and values-based skills can moderate the link between past and future cognitions and sub clinical depression.
published_date 2010-12-31T03:52:40Z
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score 11.012678

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