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The tensile properties of polymeric liquids. / Rhodri Brad

Swansea University Author: Rhodri Brad

Abstract

The work reported in this Thesis reports on studies of the tensile strength of polymeric liquids by two experimental techniques, namely the Bullet-Piston (B-P) technique and a Capillary Break-up Extensional Rheometer (CaBER). The motivation for this work lies in the fact that although many associati...

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Published: 2008
Institution: Swansea University
Degree level: Doctoral
Degree name: Ph.D
URI: https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa42332
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fullrecord <?xml version="1.0"?><rfc1807><datestamp>2018-08-02T16:24:28.8697888</datestamp><bib-version>v2</bib-version><id>42332</id><entry>2018-08-02</entry><title>The tensile properties of polymeric liquids.</title><swanseaauthors><author><sid>94ce169b43222d391a9e1b801aaf8bc4</sid><ORCID>NULL</ORCID><firstname>Rhodri</firstname><surname>Brad</surname><name>Rhodri Brad</name><active>true</active><ethesisStudent>true</ethesisStudent></author></swanseaauthors><date>2018-08-02</date><abstract>The work reported in this Thesis reports on studies of the tensile strength of polymeric liquids by two experimental techniques, namely the Bullet-Piston (B-P) technique and a Capillary Break-up Extensional Rheometer (CaBER). The motivation for this work lies in the fact that although many associations exist between the cavitation properties of fluids and their extensional flow properties, these associations have never been systematically investigated due to a lack of an appropriate cavitation technique. The work presented m this thesis addresses this, using two custom-built instruments (a filament stretching device and a dynamic stressing technique for cavitation studies). Together, these were used to investigate the appropriate rheological and cavitational characteristics of a range of fluids including model polymer solutions. In experiments in which samples of degassed, deionised water are subjected to dynamic stressing by pulses of tension, the pulse reflection technique allows the rate of development of tension in the liquid, Of, to be varied m a systematic manner, in order to investigate its influence on the resulting measurement of the liquid's 'effective' tensile strength, Fc. Results are reported for a range of stressing rates, Of, &amp;ap; 0.19bar/mus &lt; Of &lt; 0.77bar/mus. These experiments, which are the first of their kind to be reported on water, show an approximately four-fold increase of Fc at the highest stressing rate, this value being 224bar (for Of= 0.77bar/mus) compared to 59bar (for Of= 0.187bar/mus). The present work has resolved a longstanding anomaly concerning the role of polymeric additives in determining the cavitation thresholds of dilute aqueous polymer solutions. For the first time it is shown that with increasing molecular weight there is an increased effective tensile strength of the solution. However, the results reveal that increasing polymer concentration results in a stress saturation level in terms of effective tensile strength. This work is also the first to relate cavitational failure of a fluid and its extensional properties in terms of two appropriately chosen stress parameters, and to report the relationship between these stress parameters on the basis of an experimental study involving two different techniques over a range of stress rates and a wide range of polymer concentration and molecular weight. Despite differences in the magnitudes of the tensile stress parameters, both techniques show that the relevant parameter increases with polymer concentration and molecular weight, but that such stress levels become effectively saturated at essentially the same levels of concentration and molecular weight. This information has never previously been available. As a result of the work reported m this thesis it may now be possible to conduct fluid breakup measurements in extensional flow experiments m order to ascertain the likely levels of cavitation threshold stress for dilute aqueous polymer solutions.</abstract><type>E-Thesis</type><journal/><journalNumber></journalNumber><paginationStart/><paginationEnd/><publisher/><placeOfPublication/><isbnPrint/><issnPrint/><issnElectronic/><keywords>Chemical engineering.</keywords><publishedDay>31</publishedDay><publishedMonth>12</publishedMonth><publishedYear>2008</publishedYear><publishedDate>2008-12-31</publishedDate><doi/><url/><notes/><college>COLLEGE NANME</college><department>Engineering</department><CollegeCode>COLLEGE CODE</CollegeCode><institution>Swansea University</institution><degreelevel>Doctoral</degreelevel><degreename>Ph.D</degreename><apcterm/><lastEdited>2018-08-02T16:24:28.8697888</lastEdited><Created>2018-08-02T16:24:28.8697888</Created><path><level id="1">Faculty of Science and Engineering</level><level id="2">School of Engineering and Applied Sciences - Uncategorised</level></path><authors><author><firstname>Rhodri</firstname><surname>Brad</surname><orcid>NULL</orcid><order>1</order></author></authors><documents><document><filename>0042332-02082018162446.pdf</filename><originalFilename>10798040.pdf</originalFilename><uploaded>2018-08-02T16:24:46.1070000</uploaded><type>Output</type><contentLength>14443224</contentLength><contentType>application/pdf</contentType><version>E-Thesis</version><cronfaStatus>true</cronfaStatus><embargoDate>2018-08-02T16:24:46.1070000</embargoDate><copyrightCorrect>false</copyrightCorrect></document></documents><OutputDurs/></rfc1807>
spelling 2018-08-02T16:24:28.8697888 v2 42332 2018-08-02 The tensile properties of polymeric liquids. 94ce169b43222d391a9e1b801aaf8bc4 NULL Rhodri Brad Rhodri Brad true true 2018-08-02 The work reported in this Thesis reports on studies of the tensile strength of polymeric liquids by two experimental techniques, namely the Bullet-Piston (B-P) technique and a Capillary Break-up Extensional Rheometer (CaBER). The motivation for this work lies in the fact that although many associations exist between the cavitation properties of fluids and their extensional flow properties, these associations have never been systematically investigated due to a lack of an appropriate cavitation technique. The work presented m this thesis addresses this, using two custom-built instruments (a filament stretching device and a dynamic stressing technique for cavitation studies). Together, these were used to investigate the appropriate rheological and cavitational characteristics of a range of fluids including model polymer solutions. In experiments in which samples of degassed, deionised water are subjected to dynamic stressing by pulses of tension, the pulse reflection technique allows the rate of development of tension in the liquid, Of, to be varied m a systematic manner, in order to investigate its influence on the resulting measurement of the liquid's 'effective' tensile strength, Fc. Results are reported for a range of stressing rates, Of, &ap; 0.19bar/mus < Of < 0.77bar/mus. These experiments, which are the first of their kind to be reported on water, show an approximately four-fold increase of Fc at the highest stressing rate, this value being 224bar (for Of= 0.77bar/mus) compared to 59bar (for Of= 0.187bar/mus). The present work has resolved a longstanding anomaly concerning the role of polymeric additives in determining the cavitation thresholds of dilute aqueous polymer solutions. For the first time it is shown that with increasing molecular weight there is an increased effective tensile strength of the solution. However, the results reveal that increasing polymer concentration results in a stress saturation level in terms of effective tensile strength. This work is also the first to relate cavitational failure of a fluid and its extensional properties in terms of two appropriately chosen stress parameters, and to report the relationship between these stress parameters on the basis of an experimental study involving two different techniques over a range of stress rates and a wide range of polymer concentration and molecular weight. Despite differences in the magnitudes of the tensile stress parameters, both techniques show that the relevant parameter increases with polymer concentration and molecular weight, but that such stress levels become effectively saturated at essentially the same levels of concentration and molecular weight. This information has never previously been available. As a result of the work reported m this thesis it may now be possible to conduct fluid breakup measurements in extensional flow experiments m order to ascertain the likely levels of cavitation threshold stress for dilute aqueous polymer solutions. E-Thesis Chemical engineering. 31 12 2008 2008-12-31 COLLEGE NANME Engineering COLLEGE CODE Swansea University Doctoral Ph.D 2018-08-02T16:24:28.8697888 2018-08-02T16:24:28.8697888 Faculty of Science and Engineering School of Engineering and Applied Sciences - Uncategorised Rhodri Brad NULL 1 0042332-02082018162446.pdf 10798040.pdf 2018-08-02T16:24:46.1070000 Output 14443224 application/pdf E-Thesis true 2018-08-02T16:24:46.1070000 false
title The tensile properties of polymeric liquids.
spellingShingle The tensile properties of polymeric liquids.
Rhodri Brad
title_short The tensile properties of polymeric liquids.
title_full The tensile properties of polymeric liquids.
title_fullStr The tensile properties of polymeric liquids.
title_full_unstemmed The tensile properties of polymeric liquids.
title_sort The tensile properties of polymeric liquids.
author_id_str_mv 94ce169b43222d391a9e1b801aaf8bc4
author_id_fullname_str_mv 94ce169b43222d391a9e1b801aaf8bc4_***_Rhodri Brad
author Rhodri Brad
author2 Rhodri Brad
format E-Thesis
publishDate 2008
institution Swansea University
college_str Faculty of Science and Engineering
hierarchytype
hierarchy_top_id facultyofscienceandengineering
hierarchy_top_title Faculty of Science and Engineering
hierarchy_parent_id facultyofscienceandengineering
hierarchy_parent_title Faculty of Science and Engineering
department_str School of Engineering and Applied Sciences - Uncategorised{{{_:::_}}}Faculty of Science and Engineering{{{_:::_}}}School of Engineering and Applied Sciences - Uncategorised
document_store_str 1
active_str 0
description The work reported in this Thesis reports on studies of the tensile strength of polymeric liquids by two experimental techniques, namely the Bullet-Piston (B-P) technique and a Capillary Break-up Extensional Rheometer (CaBER). The motivation for this work lies in the fact that although many associations exist between the cavitation properties of fluids and their extensional flow properties, these associations have never been systematically investigated due to a lack of an appropriate cavitation technique. The work presented m this thesis addresses this, using two custom-built instruments (a filament stretching device and a dynamic stressing technique for cavitation studies). Together, these were used to investigate the appropriate rheological and cavitational characteristics of a range of fluids including model polymer solutions. In experiments in which samples of degassed, deionised water are subjected to dynamic stressing by pulses of tension, the pulse reflection technique allows the rate of development of tension in the liquid, Of, to be varied m a systematic manner, in order to investigate its influence on the resulting measurement of the liquid's 'effective' tensile strength, Fc. Results are reported for a range of stressing rates, Of, &ap; 0.19bar/mus < Of < 0.77bar/mus. These experiments, which are the first of their kind to be reported on water, show an approximately four-fold increase of Fc at the highest stressing rate, this value being 224bar (for Of= 0.77bar/mus) compared to 59bar (for Of= 0.187bar/mus). The present work has resolved a longstanding anomaly concerning the role of polymeric additives in determining the cavitation thresholds of dilute aqueous polymer solutions. For the first time it is shown that with increasing molecular weight there is an increased effective tensile strength of the solution. However, the results reveal that increasing polymer concentration results in a stress saturation level in terms of effective tensile strength. This work is also the first to relate cavitational failure of a fluid and its extensional properties in terms of two appropriately chosen stress parameters, and to report the relationship between these stress parameters on the basis of an experimental study involving two different techniques over a range of stress rates and a wide range of polymer concentration and molecular weight. Despite differences in the magnitudes of the tensile stress parameters, both techniques show that the relevant parameter increases with polymer concentration and molecular weight, but that such stress levels become effectively saturated at essentially the same levels of concentration and molecular weight. This information has never previously been available. As a result of the work reported m this thesis it may now be possible to conduct fluid breakup measurements in extensional flow experiments m order to ascertain the likely levels of cavitation threshold stress for dilute aqueous polymer solutions.
published_date 2008-12-31T03:52:45Z
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score 11.012678

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