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Towards the development of one dimensional zinc oxide nanostructures as biosensor. / Michelle Tien Tien Tan

Swansea University Author: Michelle Tien Tien Tan

Abstract

The ability to detect biomarkers at a molecular level is crucial to ensure high survival rates for patients with debilitating or life threatening diseases, for example cancer. The limitation associated with existing detection technologies call for more sensitive, selective, faster, cheaper and small...

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Published: 2009
Institution: Swansea University
Degree level: Doctoral
Degree name: Ph.D
URI: https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa42511
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spelling 2018-08-02T16:24:29.5093962 v2 42511 2018-08-02 Towards the development of one dimensional zinc oxide nanostructures as biosensor. 0b1898f3040abfd73a898e6740beb708 NULL Michelle Tien Tien Tan Michelle Tien Tien Tan true true 2018-08-02 The ability to detect biomarkers at a molecular level is crucial to ensure high survival rates for patients with debilitating or life threatening diseases, for example cancer. The limitation associated with existing detection technologies call for more sensitive, selective, faster, cheaper and smaller biosensors for molecular analysis. Recent material advances made in One-dimensional (1-D) ZnO nanostructures hold great promise for fabricating the next generation of biosensors. Due to very high surface- to-volume ratios, they demonstrate high sensitivity to surface charge transfer and changes in the surrounding electrostatic environment, resulting in the significant modification of conductivity upon adsorption of certain molecules. By combining nature's bio-recognition functionalities with the nanostructure's novel electronic properties, an ultra-sensitive and selective biosensor can be developed. The first part of the work compares the electrical behaviour of 1-D ZnO nanostructures grown via hydrothermal and chemical vapour deposition (CVD) techniques, using the scanning conductance microscopy (SCM). For the first time, the polarisability of CVD grown 1-D ZnO nanostructures was observed. By using polarisability as a qualitative measure of the carriers' mobility, CVD nanostructures are shown to exhibit better carrier mobility and thus are more electrically active than hydrothermal ZnO nanorods. Hydrothermal synthesised ZnO nanostructures have higher defect density, generally oxygen vacancies, due to low oxygen concentration in the water and low temperature growth. The oxygen vacancies, known to be deep level traps, are believed to be the reason why the ZnO hydrothermal sample is less 'electrically active'. The successful implementation of biosensors is strongly related to the interface between the biological recognition system and the nanostructure. A surface plasmon resonance technique (Biacore X) is used to identify functional groups that show strong surface binding to ZnO. The respective binding of hexahistidine and zinc finger moieties to ZnO surface was investigated. For the first time, ZnO nanoparticles were discovered to bind directly to nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA), an aminotricarboxylic acid, pre-immobilised on a sensor chip. Subsequently, beta-cyclodextrin (betaCD) was modified with an NTA-like moiety to form a NTA-linked bioreceptor mimic. Analysis results revealed that NTA-like moiety significantly increased the ability of the native cyclodextrin to bind to the surface of ZnO nanoparticles. Following that, polyglutamic acid was shown to be an excellent intermediate between biological molecules (antibody) and ZnO surface. Employing polyglutamic acid as the intermediate linker between antibody and ZnO surface is novel and is recommended for the fabrication of future generation biosensor. E-Thesis Bioengineering. 31 12 2009 2009-12-31 COLLEGE NANME Engineering COLLEGE CODE Swansea University Doctoral Ph.D 2018-08-02T16:24:29.5093962 2018-08-02T16:24:29.5093962 Faculty of Science and Engineering School of Engineering and Applied Sciences - Uncategorised Michelle Tien Tien Tan NULL 1 0042511-02082018162500.pdf 10801741.pdf 2018-08-02T16:25:00.2570000 Output 34288631 application/pdf E-Thesis true 2018-08-02T16:25:00.2570000 false
title Towards the development of one dimensional zinc oxide nanostructures as biosensor.
spellingShingle Towards the development of one dimensional zinc oxide nanostructures as biosensor.
Michelle Tien Tien Tan
title_short Towards the development of one dimensional zinc oxide nanostructures as biosensor.
title_full Towards the development of one dimensional zinc oxide nanostructures as biosensor.
title_fullStr Towards the development of one dimensional zinc oxide nanostructures as biosensor.
title_full_unstemmed Towards the development of one dimensional zinc oxide nanostructures as biosensor.
title_sort Towards the development of one dimensional zinc oxide nanostructures as biosensor.
author_id_str_mv 0b1898f3040abfd73a898e6740beb708
author_id_fullname_str_mv 0b1898f3040abfd73a898e6740beb708_***_Michelle Tien Tien Tan
author Michelle Tien Tien Tan
author2 Michelle Tien Tien Tan
format E-Thesis
publishDate 2009
institution Swansea University
college_str Faculty of Science and Engineering
hierarchytype
hierarchy_top_id facultyofscienceandengineering
hierarchy_top_title Faculty of Science and Engineering
hierarchy_parent_id facultyofscienceandengineering
hierarchy_parent_title Faculty of Science and Engineering
department_str School of Engineering and Applied Sciences - Uncategorised{{{_:::_}}}Faculty of Science and Engineering{{{_:::_}}}School of Engineering and Applied Sciences - Uncategorised
document_store_str 1
active_str 0
description The ability to detect biomarkers at a molecular level is crucial to ensure high survival rates for patients with debilitating or life threatening diseases, for example cancer. The limitation associated with existing detection technologies call for more sensitive, selective, faster, cheaper and smaller biosensors for molecular analysis. Recent material advances made in One-dimensional (1-D) ZnO nanostructures hold great promise for fabricating the next generation of biosensors. Due to very high surface- to-volume ratios, they demonstrate high sensitivity to surface charge transfer and changes in the surrounding electrostatic environment, resulting in the significant modification of conductivity upon adsorption of certain molecules. By combining nature's bio-recognition functionalities with the nanostructure's novel electronic properties, an ultra-sensitive and selective biosensor can be developed. The first part of the work compares the electrical behaviour of 1-D ZnO nanostructures grown via hydrothermal and chemical vapour deposition (CVD) techniques, using the scanning conductance microscopy (SCM). For the first time, the polarisability of CVD grown 1-D ZnO nanostructures was observed. By using polarisability as a qualitative measure of the carriers' mobility, CVD nanostructures are shown to exhibit better carrier mobility and thus are more electrically active than hydrothermal ZnO nanorods. Hydrothermal synthesised ZnO nanostructures have higher defect density, generally oxygen vacancies, due to low oxygen concentration in the water and low temperature growth. The oxygen vacancies, known to be deep level traps, are believed to be the reason why the ZnO hydrothermal sample is less 'electrically active'. The successful implementation of biosensors is strongly related to the interface between the biological recognition system and the nanostructure. A surface plasmon resonance technique (Biacore X) is used to identify functional groups that show strong surface binding to ZnO. The respective binding of hexahistidine and zinc finger moieties to ZnO surface was investigated. For the first time, ZnO nanoparticles were discovered to bind directly to nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA), an aminotricarboxylic acid, pre-immobilised on a sensor chip. Subsequently, beta-cyclodextrin (betaCD) was modified with an NTA-like moiety to form a NTA-linked bioreceptor mimic. Analysis results revealed that NTA-like moiety significantly increased the ability of the native cyclodextrin to bind to the surface of ZnO nanoparticles. Following that, polyglutamic acid was shown to be an excellent intermediate between biological molecules (antibody) and ZnO surface. Employing polyglutamic acid as the intermediate linker between antibody and ZnO surface is novel and is recommended for the fabrication of future generation biosensor.
published_date 2009-12-31T03:53:06Z
_version_ 1763752633267388416
score 11.0127

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