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Morphological variation, population genetics and genetric relatedness in three species of Callopora. / Athanasios Roussos

Swansea University Author: Athanasios Roussos

Abstract

The genus Callopora is typical of a very large number of encrusting neocheilostomate genera and can be used to demonstrate the range of autozooid morphology seen in the group. Morphometric analyses of zooid length (ZL), zooid width (ZW), ovicell length (OL) and ovicell width (OW) were conducted in o...

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Published: 2007
Institution: Swansea University
Degree level: Doctoral
Degree name: Ph.D
URI: https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa42590
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Morphometric analyses of zooid length (ZL), zooid width (ZW), ovicell length (OL) and ovicell width (OW) were conducted in order to study morphological variation in different populations of Callopora dumerilii, Callopora lineata and CaUopora rylandi and to partition the morphological variation within and between sites and colonies for each species using a nested analysis of variance and a principal component analysis approach. In addition, the genetic structure in populations of these three Callopora species using the mitochondrial DNA COI gene was examined to test hypotheses concerning levels of population differentiation and intrapopulation variation. The relationships of mtDNA lineages within and between species was also investigated to clarify the phylogenetic relationships of the three species and to search for possible phylogenetic subdivisions within species. The morphological characters zooid length and zooid width were significantly different between different sites for Callopora lineata and Callopora dumerilii, but not for Callopora rylandi. However, major differences for these two morphological variables appeared in all three species in between colony within site comparisons. When comparing the ovicell length variable between different sites, noteworthy differences appeared only for Callopora rylandi, whereas considerable differences appeared in all three sites for between colonies within site comparisons. On the other hand, non-significant differences appeared for all three species when comparing ovicell width between different sites whereas highly significant differences appeared for between colony within site comparisons. The results of principal component analysis together with the results from nested ANOVA revealed that for factor 1, which defines aspects of the overall size of the zooid, there were significant differences between sites, as well as between colonies within sites for Callopora rylandi. For Callopora dumerilii and Callopora lineata, it appeared that there were no significant differences between different sites whereas there were notable differences between different colonies within sites. For factor 2, which defines aspects of the shape of the organism, there were significant differences between sites as well as between colonies within sites for both Callopora rylandi and Callopora dumerilii, while for Callopora lineata it emerged that there were no significant differences between sites, but there were important differences between colonies within sites. Analysis of the mitochondrial DNA population structure in these three species based on either haplotype frequencies or sequence divergence showed a large percentage of genetic variation within populations and a much smaller percentage of genetic variation among populations. However, for haplotype frequencies the among populations P values were significant for all species whereas when sequence divergence was taken into account only the P value for Callopora rylandi was significant. Overall nucleotide diversity was similar for Callopora dumerilii and Callopora lineata and higher than that of Callopora rylandi, whereas overall haplotype diversity was similar in all three species. Tajima's D and Fu's Fs test statistic appeared more negative in Callopora rylandi than the other species suggesting greater purifying selection or a recent population expansion. Comparisons based on dn/ds ratio suggested purifying selection as well. Reconstruction of phylogenetic relationships showed three major lineages which are mixed in all three species. 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spelling 2018-08-02T16:24:29.7745958 v2 42590 2018-08-02 Morphological variation, population genetics and genetric relatedness in three species of Callopora. 5bbf38d8b5a52ccc7b0bf4d952da0f58 NULL Athanasios Roussos Athanasios Roussos true true 2018-08-02 The genus Callopora is typical of a very large number of encrusting neocheilostomate genera and can be used to demonstrate the range of autozooid morphology seen in the group. Morphometric analyses of zooid length (ZL), zooid width (ZW), ovicell length (OL) and ovicell width (OW) were conducted in order to study morphological variation in different populations of Callopora dumerilii, Callopora lineata and CaUopora rylandi and to partition the morphological variation within and between sites and colonies for each species using a nested analysis of variance and a principal component analysis approach. In addition, the genetic structure in populations of these three Callopora species using the mitochondrial DNA COI gene was examined to test hypotheses concerning levels of population differentiation and intrapopulation variation. The relationships of mtDNA lineages within and between species was also investigated to clarify the phylogenetic relationships of the three species and to search for possible phylogenetic subdivisions within species. The morphological characters zooid length and zooid width were significantly different between different sites for Callopora lineata and Callopora dumerilii, but not for Callopora rylandi. However, major differences for these two morphological variables appeared in all three species in between colony within site comparisons. When comparing the ovicell length variable between different sites, noteworthy differences appeared only for Callopora rylandi, whereas considerable differences appeared in all three sites for between colonies within site comparisons. On the other hand, non-significant differences appeared for all three species when comparing ovicell width between different sites whereas highly significant differences appeared for between colony within site comparisons. The results of principal component analysis together with the results from nested ANOVA revealed that for factor 1, which defines aspects of the overall size of the zooid, there were significant differences between sites, as well as between colonies within sites for Callopora rylandi. For Callopora dumerilii and Callopora lineata, it appeared that there were no significant differences between different sites whereas there were notable differences between different colonies within sites. For factor 2, which defines aspects of the shape of the organism, there were significant differences between sites as well as between colonies within sites for both Callopora rylandi and Callopora dumerilii, while for Callopora lineata it emerged that there were no significant differences between sites, but there were important differences between colonies within sites. Analysis of the mitochondrial DNA population structure in these three species based on either haplotype frequencies or sequence divergence showed a large percentage of genetic variation within populations and a much smaller percentage of genetic variation among populations. However, for haplotype frequencies the among populations P values were significant for all species whereas when sequence divergence was taken into account only the P value for Callopora rylandi was significant. Overall nucleotide diversity was similar for Callopora dumerilii and Callopora lineata and higher than that of Callopora rylandi, whereas overall haplotype diversity was similar in all three species. Tajima's D and Fu's Fs test statistic appeared more negative in Callopora rylandi than the other species suggesting greater purifying selection or a recent population expansion. Comparisons based on dn/ds ratio suggested purifying selection as well. Reconstruction of phylogenetic relationships showed three major lineages which are mixed in all three species. Tests of neutrality in these lineages, which do not correspond to species, also suggested the existence of purifying selection. E-Thesis Zoology.;Morphology.;Genetics. 31 12 2007 2007-12-31 COLLEGE NANME Biosciences COLLEGE CODE Swansea University Doctoral Ph.D 2018-08-02T16:24:29.7745958 2018-08-02T16:24:29.7745958 Faculty of Science and Engineering School of Biosciences, Geography and Physics - Biosciences Athanasios Roussos NULL 1 0042590-02082018162506.pdf 10805348.pdf 2018-08-02T16:25:06.4500000 Output 13781395 application/pdf E-Thesis true 2018-08-02T16:25:06.4500000 false
title Morphological variation, population genetics and genetric relatedness in three species of Callopora.
spellingShingle Morphological variation, population genetics and genetric relatedness in three species of Callopora.
Athanasios Roussos
title_short Morphological variation, population genetics and genetric relatedness in three species of Callopora.
title_full Morphological variation, population genetics and genetric relatedness in three species of Callopora.
title_fullStr Morphological variation, population genetics and genetric relatedness in three species of Callopora.
title_full_unstemmed Morphological variation, population genetics and genetric relatedness in three species of Callopora.
title_sort Morphological variation, population genetics and genetric relatedness in three species of Callopora.
author_id_str_mv 5bbf38d8b5a52ccc7b0bf4d952da0f58
author_id_fullname_str_mv 5bbf38d8b5a52ccc7b0bf4d952da0f58_***_Athanasios Roussos
author Athanasios Roussos
author2 Athanasios Roussos
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publishDate 2007
institution Swansea University
college_str Faculty of Science and Engineering
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hierarchy_top_id facultyofscienceandengineering
hierarchy_top_title Faculty of Science and Engineering
hierarchy_parent_id facultyofscienceandengineering
hierarchy_parent_title Faculty of Science and Engineering
department_str School of Biosciences, Geography and Physics - Biosciences{{{_:::_}}}Faculty of Science and Engineering{{{_:::_}}}School of Biosciences, Geography and Physics - Biosciences
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description The genus Callopora is typical of a very large number of encrusting neocheilostomate genera and can be used to demonstrate the range of autozooid morphology seen in the group. Morphometric analyses of zooid length (ZL), zooid width (ZW), ovicell length (OL) and ovicell width (OW) were conducted in order to study morphological variation in different populations of Callopora dumerilii, Callopora lineata and CaUopora rylandi and to partition the morphological variation within and between sites and colonies for each species using a nested analysis of variance and a principal component analysis approach. In addition, the genetic structure in populations of these three Callopora species using the mitochondrial DNA COI gene was examined to test hypotheses concerning levels of population differentiation and intrapopulation variation. The relationships of mtDNA lineages within and between species was also investigated to clarify the phylogenetic relationships of the three species and to search for possible phylogenetic subdivisions within species. The morphological characters zooid length and zooid width were significantly different between different sites for Callopora lineata and Callopora dumerilii, but not for Callopora rylandi. However, major differences for these two morphological variables appeared in all three species in between colony within site comparisons. When comparing the ovicell length variable between different sites, noteworthy differences appeared only for Callopora rylandi, whereas considerable differences appeared in all three sites for between colonies within site comparisons. On the other hand, non-significant differences appeared for all three species when comparing ovicell width between different sites whereas highly significant differences appeared for between colony within site comparisons. The results of principal component analysis together with the results from nested ANOVA revealed that for factor 1, which defines aspects of the overall size of the zooid, there were significant differences between sites, as well as between colonies within sites for Callopora rylandi. For Callopora dumerilii and Callopora lineata, it appeared that there were no significant differences between different sites whereas there were notable differences between different colonies within sites. For factor 2, which defines aspects of the shape of the organism, there were significant differences between sites as well as between colonies within sites for both Callopora rylandi and Callopora dumerilii, while for Callopora lineata it emerged that there were no significant differences between sites, but there were important differences between colonies within sites. Analysis of the mitochondrial DNA population structure in these three species based on either haplotype frequencies or sequence divergence showed a large percentage of genetic variation within populations and a much smaller percentage of genetic variation among populations. However, for haplotype frequencies the among populations P values were significant for all species whereas when sequence divergence was taken into account only the P value for Callopora rylandi was significant. Overall nucleotide diversity was similar for Callopora dumerilii and Callopora lineata and higher than that of Callopora rylandi, whereas overall haplotype diversity was similar in all three species. Tajima's D and Fu's Fs test statistic appeared more negative in Callopora rylandi than the other species suggesting greater purifying selection or a recent population expansion. Comparisons based on dn/ds ratio suggested purifying selection as well. Reconstruction of phylogenetic relationships showed three major lineages which are mixed in all three species. Tests of neutrality in these lineages, which do not correspond to species, also suggested the existence of purifying selection.
published_date 2007-12-31T03:53:16Z
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score 11.016235

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