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Novel behavioural and molecular determinants and indicators of attention deficit-/hyperactivity disorder in adults. / Alison Louise Baird

Swansea University Author: Alison Louise Baird

Abstract

Attention deficit-/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a psychiatric condition that can affect both children and adults. It is characterised by behavioural and attention difficulties. Sleep deficits are a prominent characteristic of the disorder and some of the core symptoms of ADHD are known character...

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Published: 2011
Institution: Swansea University
Degree level: Doctoral
Degree name: Ph.D
URI: https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa42973
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first_indexed 2018-08-02T18:55:59Z
last_indexed 2019-10-21T16:48:47Z
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spelling 2018-08-29T14:27:52.9008260 v2 42973 2018-08-02 Novel behavioural and molecular determinants and indicators of attention deficit-/hyperactivity disorder in adults. ba33d8b81c2ea68c7780065ab98b43f6 NULL Alison Louise Baird Alison Louise Baird true true 2018-08-02 Attention deficit-/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a psychiatric condition that can affect both children and adults. It is characterised by behavioural and attention difficulties. Sleep deficits are a prominent characteristic of the disorder and some of the core symptoms of ADHD are known characteristics of sleep deprivation. The circadian clock is integral to determining the rhythm of the sleep/wake cycle. Furthermore the two main forms of pharmacological treatment for ADHD, namely the psychostimulant methylphenidate, and the non-stimulant atomoxetine, along with the targets of these drugs noradrenaline and dopamine, appear to both interact and be under the regulation of the circadian clock.This thesis aimed firstly to develop a non-invasive technique for the real time RT- PCR quantification of circadian clock gene expression in the human oral mucosa. Secondly to address how circadian clock functioning may be disturbed in adult ADHD via measurement of a number of molecular, endocrine and behavioural markers, for which real-time RT-PCR, ELISA and actigraphy techniques were employed. Thirdly to examine the effects of ADHD medication upon circadian clock protein expression in the rodent brain using immunohistochemistry methods.Here it is demonstrated that disturbances in the rhythmic secretion of endocrine factors that are key outputs and regulators of the master circadian pacemaker, the circadian clock gene expression of a peripheral oscillator and the actigraphic measures of circadian organization of gross behaviour are associated with adult ADHD. Furthermore, both atomoxetine and methylphenidate are shown to effect circadian clock protein expression. Collectively this data suggests a key role for the circadian clock not only in the pathophysiology of adult ADHD but also indicates a role for pharmacological treatments in the modulation of the circadian clock. E-Thesis ADHD 31 12 2011 2011-12-31 COLLEGE NANME Swansea University Medical School COLLEGE CODE Swansea University Doctoral Ph.D 2018-08-29T14:27:52.9008260 2018-08-02T16:24:30.9446047 Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences Swansea University Medical School - Medicine Alison Louise Baird NULL 1 0042973-02082018162536.pdf 10821363.pdf 2018-08-02T16:25:36.5900000 Output 19533630 application/pdf E-Thesis true 2018-08-02T16:25:36.5900000 false
title Novel behavioural and molecular determinants and indicators of attention deficit-/hyperactivity disorder in adults.
spellingShingle Novel behavioural and molecular determinants and indicators of attention deficit-/hyperactivity disorder in adults.
Alison Louise Baird
title_short Novel behavioural and molecular determinants and indicators of attention deficit-/hyperactivity disorder in adults.
title_full Novel behavioural and molecular determinants and indicators of attention deficit-/hyperactivity disorder in adults.
title_fullStr Novel behavioural and molecular determinants and indicators of attention deficit-/hyperactivity disorder in adults.
title_full_unstemmed Novel behavioural and molecular determinants and indicators of attention deficit-/hyperactivity disorder in adults.
title_sort Novel behavioural and molecular determinants and indicators of attention deficit-/hyperactivity disorder in adults.
author_id_str_mv ba33d8b81c2ea68c7780065ab98b43f6
author_id_fullname_str_mv ba33d8b81c2ea68c7780065ab98b43f6_***_Alison Louise Baird
author Alison Louise Baird
author2 Alison Louise Baird
format E-Thesis
publishDate 2011
institution Swansea University
college_str Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences
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hierarchy_top_id facultyofmedicinehealthandlifesciences
hierarchy_top_title Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences
hierarchy_parent_id facultyofmedicinehealthandlifesciences
hierarchy_parent_title Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences
department_str Swansea University Medical School - Medicine{{{_:::_}}}Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences{{{_:::_}}}Swansea University Medical School - Medicine
document_store_str 1
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description Attention deficit-/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a psychiatric condition that can affect both children and adults. It is characterised by behavioural and attention difficulties. Sleep deficits are a prominent characteristic of the disorder and some of the core symptoms of ADHD are known characteristics of sleep deprivation. The circadian clock is integral to determining the rhythm of the sleep/wake cycle. Furthermore the two main forms of pharmacological treatment for ADHD, namely the psychostimulant methylphenidate, and the non-stimulant atomoxetine, along with the targets of these drugs noradrenaline and dopamine, appear to both interact and be under the regulation of the circadian clock.This thesis aimed firstly to develop a non-invasive technique for the real time RT- PCR quantification of circadian clock gene expression in the human oral mucosa. Secondly to address how circadian clock functioning may be disturbed in adult ADHD via measurement of a number of molecular, endocrine and behavioural markers, for which real-time RT-PCR, ELISA and actigraphy techniques were employed. Thirdly to examine the effects of ADHD medication upon circadian clock protein expression in the rodent brain using immunohistochemistry methods.Here it is demonstrated that disturbances in the rhythmic secretion of endocrine factors that are key outputs and regulators of the master circadian pacemaker, the circadian clock gene expression of a peripheral oscillator and the actigraphic measures of circadian organization of gross behaviour are associated with adult ADHD. Furthermore, both atomoxetine and methylphenidate are shown to effect circadian clock protein expression. Collectively this data suggests a key role for the circadian clock not only in the pathophysiology of adult ADHD but also indicates a role for pharmacological treatments in the modulation of the circadian clock.
published_date 2011-12-31T03:54:00Z
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score 11.012678

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