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Real-Time Measurement of Xenon Concentration in a Binary Gas Mixture Using a Modified Ultrasonic Time-of-Flight Anesthesia Gas Flowmeter

David J. Williams, Gregory D. Hallewell, Ela Chakkarapani, John Dingley

Anesthesia & Analgesia, Start page: 1

Swansea University Author: John Dingley

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DOI (Published version): 10.1213/ANE.0000000000003806

Abstract

Background: Xenon (Xe) is an anesthetic gas which may have potential as a neuroprotectant. To measure each gas in a xenon/oxygen mixture one would typically use a thermal conductivity meter and a fuel cell respectively. The speed of sound in a binary gas mixture like this is related to fractional co...

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Published in: Anesthesia & Analgesia
ISSN: 0003-2999
Published: Pennsylvania, United States Lippincott Williams and Wilkins
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URI: https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa43534
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first_indexed 2018-08-22T12:40:00Z
last_indexed 2019-03-26T12:15:05Z
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spelling 2019-03-25T13:09:53.5480217 v2 43534 2018-08-22 Real-Time Measurement of Xenon Concentration in a Binary Gas Mixture Using a Modified Ultrasonic Time-of-Flight Anesthesia Gas Flowmeter 1283ffdd09b091ec57ec3e235a48cfcc John Dingley John Dingley true false 2018-08-22 PMSC Background: Xenon (Xe) is an anesthetic gas which may have potential as a neuroprotectant. To measure each gas in a xenon/oxygen mixture one would typically use a thermal conductivity meter and a fuel cell respectively. The speed of sound in a binary gas mixture like this is related to fractional concentration, temperature, pressure, and masses of the gases present. We assessed the feasibility of developing a novel single sterilizable device which used the time of flight of ultrasound through the gas to measure both real-time gas flow and also the concentration of Xe in O2.Method: We adapted an ultrasonic time-of-flight flow meter from a conventional anesthetic machine to also measure the real time fractional concentration of Xe in O2. A total of 5 095 readings of were taken in the range 5 % to 95 % xenon, and compared with simultaneous measurements from a commercially available thermal conductivity xenon analyser.Results: Ultrasonic measurements of Xe (%) showed agreement with thermal conductivity meter measurements but there was marked discontinuity in the central region of the measurement range. Bland-Altman analysis (95% CI): Mean Difference (Bias) 3.1 (2.9 % to 3.2 %); lower 95 % Limit of Agreement -4.6 % (-4.8 % to -4.4 %); upper 95 % Limit of Agreement 10.8 % (10.5 % to 11.0 %).Conclusions: The modified ultrasonic flow meter estimated the Xe (%) however at present the accuracy is not sufficient for clinical use. With further work it may be possible to improve the accuracy sufficiently for potential clinical use. Journal Article Anesthesia & Analgesia 1 Lippincott Williams and Wilkins Pennsylvania, United States 0003-2999 Xenon, Anaesthesia, concentration, measurement, ultrasound, time of flight, 0 0 0 0001-01-01 10.1213/ANE.0000000000003806 COLLEGE NANME Medicine COLLEGE CODE PMSC Swansea University 2019-03-25T13:09:53.5480217 2018-08-22T10:48:11.0184020 Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences Swansea University Medical School - Medicine David J. Williams 1 Gregory D. Hallewell 2 Ela Chakkarapani 3 John Dingley 4 0043534-02012019165950.pdf XeUltrasound_JD.pdf 2019-01-02T16:59:50.9970000 Output 261631 application/pdf Accepted Manuscript true 2019-10-03T00:00:00.0000000 true eng
title Real-Time Measurement of Xenon Concentration in a Binary Gas Mixture Using a Modified Ultrasonic Time-of-Flight Anesthesia Gas Flowmeter
spellingShingle Real-Time Measurement of Xenon Concentration in a Binary Gas Mixture Using a Modified Ultrasonic Time-of-Flight Anesthesia Gas Flowmeter
John Dingley
title_short Real-Time Measurement of Xenon Concentration in a Binary Gas Mixture Using a Modified Ultrasonic Time-of-Flight Anesthesia Gas Flowmeter
title_full Real-Time Measurement of Xenon Concentration in a Binary Gas Mixture Using a Modified Ultrasonic Time-of-Flight Anesthesia Gas Flowmeter
title_fullStr Real-Time Measurement of Xenon Concentration in a Binary Gas Mixture Using a Modified Ultrasonic Time-of-Flight Anesthesia Gas Flowmeter
title_full_unstemmed Real-Time Measurement of Xenon Concentration in a Binary Gas Mixture Using a Modified Ultrasonic Time-of-Flight Anesthesia Gas Flowmeter
title_sort Real-Time Measurement of Xenon Concentration in a Binary Gas Mixture Using a Modified Ultrasonic Time-of-Flight Anesthesia Gas Flowmeter
author_id_str_mv 1283ffdd09b091ec57ec3e235a48cfcc
author_id_fullname_str_mv 1283ffdd09b091ec57ec3e235a48cfcc_***_John Dingley
author John Dingley
author2 David J. Williams
Gregory D. Hallewell
Ela Chakkarapani
John Dingley
format Journal article
container_title Anesthesia & Analgesia
container_start_page 1
institution Swansea University
issn 0003-2999
doi_str_mv 10.1213/ANE.0000000000003806
publisher Lippincott Williams and Wilkins
college_str Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences
hierarchytype
hierarchy_top_id facultyofmedicinehealthandlifesciences
hierarchy_top_title Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences
hierarchy_parent_id facultyofmedicinehealthandlifesciences
hierarchy_parent_title Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences
department_str Swansea University Medical School - Medicine{{{_:::_}}}Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences{{{_:::_}}}Swansea University Medical School - Medicine
document_store_str 1
active_str 0
description Background: Xenon (Xe) is an anesthetic gas which may have potential as a neuroprotectant. To measure each gas in a xenon/oxygen mixture one would typically use a thermal conductivity meter and a fuel cell respectively. The speed of sound in a binary gas mixture like this is related to fractional concentration, temperature, pressure, and masses of the gases present. We assessed the feasibility of developing a novel single sterilizable device which used the time of flight of ultrasound through the gas to measure both real-time gas flow and also the concentration of Xe in O2.Method: We adapted an ultrasonic time-of-flight flow meter from a conventional anesthetic machine to also measure the real time fractional concentration of Xe in O2. A total of 5 095 readings of were taken in the range 5 % to 95 % xenon, and compared with simultaneous measurements from a commercially available thermal conductivity xenon analyser.Results: Ultrasonic measurements of Xe (%) showed agreement with thermal conductivity meter measurements but there was marked discontinuity in the central region of the measurement range. Bland-Altman analysis (95% CI): Mean Difference (Bias) 3.1 (2.9 % to 3.2 %); lower 95 % Limit of Agreement -4.6 % (-4.8 % to -4.4 %); upper 95 % Limit of Agreement 10.8 % (10.5 % to 11.0 %).Conclusions: The modified ultrasonic flow meter estimated the Xe (%) however at present the accuracy is not sufficient for clinical use. With further work it may be possible to improve the accuracy sufficiently for potential clinical use.
published_date 0001-01-01T03:54:45Z
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