Self-medication of antibiotics: investigating practice among university students at the Malaysian National Defence University

Haque, Mainul; A, Nor Azlina; McKimm, Judy; Kibria, Golam Mohammad; Azim, Md Anwarul; Haque, Seraj Zohurul; Islam, Md Zakirul; Binti, Shahidah Leong; Daher, Aqil Mohammad; Zulkifli, Zainal; Rahman, Sayeeda; Kabir, Russell; Najihah, Siti Nur; Aishah, Nur Syamirah

doi:10.2147/idr.s203364

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Self-medication of antibiotics: investigating practice among university students at the Malaysian National Defence University

Mainul Haque

, Nor Azlina A Rahman

, Judy McKimm, Golam Mohammad Kibria

, Md Anwarul Azim Majumder

, Seraj Zohurul Haque, Md Zakirul Islam

, Shahidah Leong Binti Abdullah, Aqil Mohammad Daher

, Zainal Zulkifli, Sayeeda Rahman, Russell Kabir, Siti Nur Najihah Binti Lutfi

, Nur Syamirah Aishah Binti Othman

Infection and Drug Resistance, Volume: Volume 12, Pages: 1333 - 1351

Swansea University Author: Judy McKimm

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DOI (Published version): 10.2147/idr.s203364

Abstract

Background: Self-medication of drugs to alleviate symptoms is a common global behavior, helping relieve burdens on health services, but many drugs eg, antibiotics are prescription-only. Self-medication of antibiotics (SMA) is an irrational use of drugs, contributing to microbial resistance increasin...

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Published in:	Infection and Drug Resistance
ISSN:	1178-6973
Published:	Informa UK Limited 2019
Online Access:	Check full text
URI:	https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa50466
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Despite medical students (particularly the more senior) having better knowledge of antibiotic use than non-medical students, 89% of all research participants responded that practicing SMA was a good/acceptable practice.Conclusion: SMA is common amongst Malaysian students and, despite understanding why SMA is unwise, even medical students self-medicate.</abstract><type>Journal Article</type><journal>Infection and Drug Resistance</journal><volume>Volume 12</volume><journalNumber/><paginationStart>1333</paginationStart><paginationEnd>1351</paginationEnd><publisher>Informa UK Limited</publisher><placeOfPublication/><isbnPrint/><isbnElectronic/><issnPrint/><issnElectronic>1178-6973</issnElectronic><keywords>antibiotics, self-medication, antibiotic resistance, university students, medical students, non-medical students</keywords><publishedDay>17</publishedDay><publishedMonth>5</publishedMonth><publishedYear>2019</publishedYear><publishedDate>2019-05-17</publishedDate><doi>10.2147/idr.s203364</doi><url/><notes>Corrigendum available at https://doi.org/10.2147/IDR.S218283</notes><college>COLLEGE NANME</college><department>Medical School</department><CollegeCode>COLLEGE CODE</CollegeCode><DepartmentCode>MEDS</DepartmentCode><institution>Swansea University</institution><apcterm/><funders/><projectreference/><lastEdited>2024-10-10T14:55:17.1433211</lastEdited><Created>2019-05-21T13:38:34.7736822</Created><path><level id="1">Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences</level><level id="2">Swansea University Medical School - Medicine</level></path><authors><author><firstname>Mainul</firstname><surname>Haque</surname><orcid>0000-0002-6124-7993</orcid><order>1</order></author><author><firstname>Nor Azlina A</firstname><surname>Rahman</surname><orcid>0000-0002-9046-6183</orcid><order>2</order></author><author><firstname>Judy</firstname><surname>McKimm</surname><order>3</order></author><author><firstname>Golam Mohammad</firstname><surname>Kibria</surname><orcid>0000-0001-7203-2675</orcid><order>4</order></author><author><firstname>Md Anwarul Azim</firstname><surname>Majumder</surname><orcid>0000-0003-3398-8695</orcid><order>5</order></author><author><firstname>Seraj Zohurul</firstname><surname>Haque</surname><order>6</order></author><author><firstname>Md Zakirul</firstname><surname>Islam</surname><orcid>0000-0003-3153-1333</orcid><order>7</order></author><author><firstname>Shahidah Leong Binti</firstname><surname>Abdullah</surname><order>8</order></author><author><firstname>Aqil Mohammad</firstname><surname>Daher</surname><orcid>0000-0002-3504-4340</orcid><order>9</order></author><author><firstname>Zainal</firstname><surname>Zulkifli</surname><order>10</order></author><author><firstname>Sayeeda</firstname><surname>Rahman</surname><order>11</order></author><author><firstname>Russell</firstname><surname>Kabir</surname><order>12</order></author><author><firstname>Siti Nur Najihah Binti</firstname><surname>Lutfi</surname><orcid>0000-0002-7594-5231</orcid><order>13</order></author><author><firstname>Nur Syamirah Aishah Binti</firstname><surname>Othman</surname><order>14</order></author></authors><documents><document><filename>0050466-05062019120011.pdf</filename><originalFilename>50466.pdf</originalFilename><uploaded>2019-06-05T12:00:11.5270000</uploaded><type>Output</type><contentLength>901457</contentLength><contentType>application/pdf</contentType><version>Version of Record</version><cronfaStatus>true</cronfaStatus><embargoDate>2019-06-04T00:00:00.0000000</embargoDate><documentNotes>Released under the terms of a Creative Commons Attribution - Non Commercial License (CC-BY-NC).</documentNotes><copyrightCorrect>true</copyrightCorrect><language>eng</language><licence>http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/</licence></document></documents><OutputDurs/></rfc1807>
spelling	v2 50466 2019-05-21 Self-medication of antibiotics: investigating practice among university students at the Malaysian National Defence University 0aa805562973e8a2727548a041ec4e37 Judy McKimm Judy McKimm true false 2019-05-21 MEDS Background: Self-medication of drugs to alleviate symptoms is a common global behavior, helping relieve burdens on health services, but many drugs eg, antibiotics are prescription-only. Self-medication of antibiotics (SMA) is an irrational use of drugs, contributing to microbial resistance increasing health care costs and higher mortality and morbidity. This study aimed to assess SMA among university students.Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted among medical and non-medical students of the National Defence University of Malaysia. A validated instrument was used to gather data. Ethics approval was obtained. Random and universal sampling was adopted, and SPSS 21 was used for data analysis.Results: A total of 649 students participated in the study: 48.5% male and 51.5% female, 39.3% reported self-medicating with antibiotics. Penicillin, doxycycline, clarithromycin were the antibiotics most used with the majority reporting no adverse drug reactions. Cost savings and convenience were the principal reasons for SMA which were mainly obtained from local retail pharmacies. Despite medical students (particularly the more senior) having better knowledge of antibiotic use than non-medical students, 89% of all research participants responded that practicing SMA was a good/acceptable practice.Conclusion: SMA is common amongst Malaysian students and, despite understanding why SMA is unwise, even medical students self-medicate. Journal Article Infection and Drug Resistance Volume 12 1333 1351 Informa UK Limited 1178-6973 antibiotics, self-medication, antibiotic resistance, university students, medical students, non-medical students 17 5 2019 2019-05-17 10.2147/idr.s203364 Corrigendum available at https://doi.org/10.2147/IDR.S218283 COLLEGE NANME Medical School COLLEGE CODE MEDS Swansea University 2024-10-10T14:55:17.1433211 2019-05-21T13:38:34.7736822 Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences Swansea University Medical School - Medicine Mainul Haque 0000-0002-6124-7993 1 Nor Azlina A Rahman 0000-0002-9046-6183 2 Judy McKimm 3 Golam Mohammad Kibria 0000-0001-7203-2675 4 Md Anwarul Azim Majumder 0000-0003-3398-8695 5 Seraj Zohurul Haque 6 Md Zakirul Islam 0000-0003-3153-1333 7 Shahidah Leong Binti Abdullah 8 Aqil Mohammad Daher 0000-0002-3504-4340 9 Zainal Zulkifli 10 Sayeeda Rahman 11 Russell Kabir 12 Siti Nur Najihah Binti Lutfi 0000-0002-7594-5231 13 Nur Syamirah Aishah Binti Othman 14 0050466-05062019120011.pdf 50466.pdf 2019-06-05T12:00:11.5270000 Output 901457 application/pdf Version of Record true 2019-06-04T00:00:00.0000000 Released under the terms of a Creative Commons Attribution - Non Commercial License (CC-BY-NC). true eng http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/
title	Self-medication of antibiotics: investigating practice among university students at the Malaysian National Defence University
spellingShingle	Self-medication of antibiotics: investigating practice among university students at the Malaysian National Defence University Judy McKimm
title_short	Self-medication of antibiotics: investigating practice among university students at the Malaysian National Defence University
title_full	Self-medication of antibiotics: investigating practice among university students at the Malaysian National Defence University
title_fullStr	Self-medication of antibiotics: investigating practice among university students at the Malaysian National Defence University
title_full_unstemmed	Self-medication of antibiotics: investigating practice among university students at the Malaysian National Defence University
title_sort	Self-medication of antibiotics: investigating practice among university students at the Malaysian National Defence University
author_id_str_mv	0aa805562973e8a2727548a041ec4e37
author_id_fullname_str_mv	0aa805562973e8a2727548a041ec4e37_***_Judy McKimm
author	Judy McKimm
author2	Mainul Haque Nor Azlina A Rahman Judy McKimm Golam Mohammad Kibria Md Anwarul Azim Majumder Seraj Zohurul Haque Md Zakirul Islam Shahidah Leong Binti Abdullah Aqil Mohammad Daher Zainal Zulkifli Sayeeda Rahman Russell Kabir Siti Nur Najihah Binti Lutfi Nur Syamirah Aishah Binti Othman
format	Journal article
container_title	Infection and Drug Resistance
container_volume	Volume 12
container_start_page	1333
publishDate	2019
institution	Swansea University
issn	1178-6973
doi_str_mv	10.2147/idr.s203364
publisher	Informa UK Limited
college_str	Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences
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hierarchy_top_title	Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences
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hierarchy_parent_title	Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences
department_str	Swansea University Medical School - Medicine{{{_:::_}}}Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences{{{_:::_}}}Swansea University Medical School - Medicine
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description	Background: Self-medication of drugs to alleviate symptoms is a common global behavior, helping relieve burdens on health services, but many drugs eg, antibiotics are prescription-only. Self-medication of antibiotics (SMA) is an irrational use of drugs, contributing to microbial resistance increasing health care costs and higher mortality and morbidity. This study aimed to assess SMA among university students.Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted among medical and non-medical students of the National Defence University of Malaysia. A validated instrument was used to gather data. Ethics approval was obtained. Random and universal sampling was adopted, and SPSS 21 was used for data analysis.Results: A total of 649 students participated in the study: 48.5% male and 51.5% female, 39.3% reported self-medicating with antibiotics. Penicillin, doxycycline, clarithromycin were the antibiotics most used with the majority reporting no adverse drug reactions. Cost savings and convenience were the principal reasons for SMA which were mainly obtained from local retail pharmacies. Despite medical students (particularly the more senior) having better knowledge of antibiotic use than non-medical students, 89% of all research participants responded that practicing SMA was a good/acceptable practice.Conclusion: SMA is common amongst Malaysian students and, despite understanding why SMA is unwise, even medical students self-medicate.
published_date	2019-05-17T14:55:17Z
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Self-medication of antibiotics: investigating practice among university students at the Malaysian National Defence University

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