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Eurya stigmosa (Theaceae), a new and extinct record for the Calabrian stage of Madeira Island (Portugal): 40Ar/39Ar dating, palaeoecological and oceanic island palaeobiogeographical implications

Carlos A. Góis-Marques, Ria Mitchell Orcid Logo, Lea de Nascimento, José María Fernández-Palacios, José Madeira, Miguel Menezes de Sequeira

Quaternary Science Reviews, Volume: 206, Pages: 129 - 140

Swansea University Author: Ria Mitchell Orcid Logo

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DOI (Published version): 10.1016/j.quascirev.2019.01.008

Abstract

The general dynamic model of oceanic island biogeography (GDM) predicts the immigration, speciation and extinction of terrestrial biota through geological time on oceanic islands. Additionally, the glacial-sensitive model of island biogeography (GSM) also predicts extinction due to eustatic and clim...

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Published in: Quaternary Science Reviews
ISSN: 0277-3791
Published: 2019
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URI: https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa51052
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last_indexed 2019-08-12T15:29:18Z
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spelling 2019-08-12T11:42:03.6367670 v2 51052 2019-07-10 Eurya stigmosa (Theaceae), a new and extinct record for the Calabrian stage of Madeira Island (Portugal): 40Ar/39Ar dating, palaeoecological and oceanic island palaeobiogeographical implications fcfffafbafb0036c483338f839df45e5 0000-0002-6328-3998 Ria Mitchell Ria Mitchell true false 2019-07-10 The general dynamic model of oceanic island biogeography (GDM) predicts the immigration, speciation and extinction of terrestrial biota through geological time on oceanic islands. Additionally, the glacial-sensitive model of island biogeography (GSM) also predicts extinction due to eustatic and climate change within islands. However, well-documented and natural pre-Holocene plant extinctions are almost unknown for oceanic islands worldwide. To test these predictions, we have sampled the Early Pleistocene Porto da Cruz lacustrine and fluvial sediments for plant fossils that could confirm the GDM and GSM extinction predictions. Additionally, two new 40Ar/39Ar geochronological analyses were performed, constraining the age of the sediments to 1.3 Ma (Calabrian). Among the fossils, Eurya stigmosa (R.Ludw.) Mai (Theaceae) seeds were recognised and studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). E. stigmosa is the first report of a natural (non-anthropogenic) extinct plant in the fossil record for Madeira Island, and for an oceanic island, confirming the GDM and GSM predictions. Eurya spp. palaeobiogeography indicates wider distribution in Europe until the end of the Pliocene (2.58 Ma), becoming extirpated to small refugia and extinct thereafter. The Madeiran record expands the formerly unknown presence of E. stigmosa to the Macaronesian realm. The new dating of the deposit at 1.3 Ma (Calabrian) means that E. stigmosa in Madeira was already in a refugium. The extinction in Madeira is most probably a combination of island ontogeny and climate change due to Pleistocene glaciations. The palaeoecological role of this extinct shrub or tree is currently unknown, but it was a probably an element of the Madeiran laurel forest, as this community was already present in Madeira at least 1.8 My ago. This new information corroborates the predictive power of GDM and GSM and adds a new view on the importance of studying oceanic island palaeobotany, specially palaeocarpofloras. Journal Article Quaternary Science Reviews 206 129 140 0277-3791 Macaronesia, Madeira Island, Plant extinction, 40Ar/39Ar geochronology, GDM, GSM, Palaeocarpology, Island refugium 15 2 2019 2019-02-15 10.1016/j.quascirev.2019.01.008 COLLEGE NANME COLLEGE CODE Swansea University 2019-08-12T11:42:03.6367670 2019-07-10T14:55:42.8005030 Faculty of Science and Engineering School of Engineering and Applied Sciences - Uncategorised Carlos A. Góis-Marques 1 Ria Mitchell 0000-0002-6328-3998 2 Lea de Nascimento 3 José María Fernández-Palacios 4 José Madeira 5 Miguel Menezes de Sequeira 6
title Eurya stigmosa (Theaceae), a new and extinct record for the Calabrian stage of Madeira Island (Portugal): 40Ar/39Ar dating, palaeoecological and oceanic island palaeobiogeographical implications
spellingShingle Eurya stigmosa (Theaceae), a new and extinct record for the Calabrian stage of Madeira Island (Portugal): 40Ar/39Ar dating, palaeoecological and oceanic island palaeobiogeographical implications
Ria Mitchell
title_short Eurya stigmosa (Theaceae), a new and extinct record for the Calabrian stage of Madeira Island (Portugal): 40Ar/39Ar dating, palaeoecological and oceanic island palaeobiogeographical implications
title_full Eurya stigmosa (Theaceae), a new and extinct record for the Calabrian stage of Madeira Island (Portugal): 40Ar/39Ar dating, palaeoecological and oceanic island palaeobiogeographical implications
title_fullStr Eurya stigmosa (Theaceae), a new and extinct record for the Calabrian stage of Madeira Island (Portugal): 40Ar/39Ar dating, palaeoecological and oceanic island palaeobiogeographical implications
title_full_unstemmed Eurya stigmosa (Theaceae), a new and extinct record for the Calabrian stage of Madeira Island (Portugal): 40Ar/39Ar dating, palaeoecological and oceanic island palaeobiogeographical implications
title_sort Eurya stigmosa (Theaceae), a new and extinct record for the Calabrian stage of Madeira Island (Portugal): 40Ar/39Ar dating, palaeoecological and oceanic island palaeobiogeographical implications
author_id_str_mv fcfffafbafb0036c483338f839df45e5
author_id_fullname_str_mv fcfffafbafb0036c483338f839df45e5_***_Ria Mitchell
author Ria Mitchell
author2 Carlos A. Góis-Marques
Ria Mitchell
Lea de Nascimento
José María Fernández-Palacios
José Madeira
Miguel Menezes de Sequeira
format Journal article
container_title Quaternary Science Reviews
container_volume 206
container_start_page 129
publishDate 2019
institution Swansea University
issn 0277-3791
doi_str_mv 10.1016/j.quascirev.2019.01.008
college_str Faculty of Science and Engineering
hierarchytype
hierarchy_top_id facultyofscienceandengineering
hierarchy_top_title Faculty of Science and Engineering
hierarchy_parent_id facultyofscienceandengineering
hierarchy_parent_title Faculty of Science and Engineering
department_str School of Engineering and Applied Sciences - Uncategorised{{{_:::_}}}Faculty of Science and Engineering{{{_:::_}}}School of Engineering and Applied Sciences - Uncategorised
document_store_str 0
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description The general dynamic model of oceanic island biogeography (GDM) predicts the immigration, speciation and extinction of terrestrial biota through geological time on oceanic islands. Additionally, the glacial-sensitive model of island biogeography (GSM) also predicts extinction due to eustatic and climate change within islands. However, well-documented and natural pre-Holocene plant extinctions are almost unknown for oceanic islands worldwide. To test these predictions, we have sampled the Early Pleistocene Porto da Cruz lacustrine and fluvial sediments for plant fossils that could confirm the GDM and GSM extinction predictions. Additionally, two new 40Ar/39Ar geochronological analyses were performed, constraining the age of the sediments to 1.3 Ma (Calabrian). Among the fossils, Eurya stigmosa (R.Ludw.) Mai (Theaceae) seeds were recognised and studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). E. stigmosa is the first report of a natural (non-anthropogenic) extinct plant in the fossil record for Madeira Island, and for an oceanic island, confirming the GDM and GSM predictions. Eurya spp. palaeobiogeography indicates wider distribution in Europe until the end of the Pliocene (2.58 Ma), becoming extirpated to small refugia and extinct thereafter. The Madeiran record expands the formerly unknown presence of E. stigmosa to the Macaronesian realm. The new dating of the deposit at 1.3 Ma (Calabrian) means that E. stigmosa in Madeira was already in a refugium. The extinction in Madeira is most probably a combination of island ontogeny and climate change due to Pleistocene glaciations. The palaeoecological role of this extinct shrub or tree is currently unknown, but it was a probably an element of the Madeiran laurel forest, as this community was already present in Madeira at least 1.8 My ago. This new information corroborates the predictive power of GDM and GSM and adds a new view on the importance of studying oceanic island palaeobotany, specially palaeocarpofloras.
published_date 2019-02-15T13:48:49Z
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