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Sedimentary provenance and weathering processes in the 1.1 Ga Midcontinental Rift of the Keweenaw Peninsula, Michigan, USA

Ria Mitchell Orcid Logo, Nathan D. Sheldon

Precambrian Research, Volume: 275, Pages: 225 - 240

Swansea University Author: Ria Mitchell Orcid Logo

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DOI (Published version): 10.1016/j.precamres.2016.01.017

Abstract

Fluvial, alluvial, lacustrine, and debris flow sedimentary rocks from the Keweenaw Peninsula (Michigan, USA) are geochemically characterized to examine weathering processes and provenance. These sedimentary rocks result from the erosion, weathering, and redistribution of effusive and plutonic igneou...

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Published in: Precambrian Research
ISSN: 0301-9268
Published: 2016
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URI: https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa51054
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fullrecord <?xml version="1.0"?><rfc1807><datestamp>2019-08-07T11:23:38.4997747</datestamp><bib-version>v2</bib-version><id>51054</id><entry>2019-07-10</entry><title>Sedimentary provenance and weathering processes in the 1.1 Ga Midcontinental Rift of the Keweenaw Peninsula, Michigan, USA</title><swanseaauthors><author><sid>fcfffafbafb0036c483338f839df45e5</sid><ORCID>0000-0002-6328-3998</ORCID><firstname>Ria</firstname><surname>Mitchell</surname><name>Ria Mitchell</name><active>true</active><ethesisStudent>false</ethesisStudent></author></swanseaauthors><date>2019-07-10</date><deptcode>EEN</deptcode><abstract>Fluvial, alluvial, lacustrine, and debris flow sedimentary rocks from the Keweenaw Peninsula (Michigan, USA) are geochemically characterized to examine weathering processes and provenance. These sedimentary rocks result from the erosion, weathering, and redistribution of effusive and plutonic igneous lithologies during periods of volcanic quiescence associated with the failed 1.1 Ga North American Midcontinental Rift. Three units comprising the sedimentary/igneous-mixed Portage Lake Volcanics, coarseness and source-varied Copper Harbor Conglomerate, and the quartz-rich post-rift fill unit of the Jacobsville Sandstone were studied over a geographically-wide and lithologically-varied range of localities across the Keweenaw Peninsula, Michigan. Provenance indicators such as Ti/Zr and Ti/Al ratios and La-Th-Sc ternary diagrams reveal that the Portage Lake Volcanic conglomerates are near-source, and that the Copper Harbor Conglomerate is primarily derived from felsic uplifted basement and recycled orogen lithologies to the east. The Jacobsville Sandstone is a combination of pulses of sources from the top to the bottom of the stratigraphic section: (1) felsic arkosic arenites sourced from the erosion and uplift of basement orogenic volcanic and plutonic rocks (top), (2) felsic arkosic-subarkosic arenites sourced from the erosion of uplifted basement, recycled orogeny and reworking of primary sedimentary and metasedimentary rocks (middle), and (3) quartz arenites eroded from the cratonic interior (highly mature). This work can consequently aid in structuring a stratigraphic nomenclature for the Jacobsville Sandstone. Both petrographic data and weathering indices such as the chemical index of alteration (CIA) and the paleosol hydrolysis metric (Al/Ca+Na+Mg+K) indicate low degrees of weathering during syn-rift deposition at 1.1 Ga, but increases with evolution of the rift in post-rift units toward the Late Mesoproterozoic/Early Neoproterozoic. Values for the CIA throughout the Mesoproterozoic from this and other localities have the same trend to that of proposed atmospheric CO2 concentrations derived from paleosol data, demonstrating that characterizing the weathering trends of floodplain deposits can be a useful addition to deciphering past paleoclimatic conditions in the Precambrian geologic record.</abstract><type>Journal Article</type><journal>Precambrian Research</journal><volume>275</volume><paginationStart>225</paginationStart><paginationEnd>240</paginationEnd><publisher/><issnPrint>0301-9268</issnPrint><keywords>Weathering, Provenance, Mesoproterozoic, Midcontinental Rift, Keweenawan, Paleoenvironment</keywords><publishedDay>30</publishedDay><publishedMonth>4</publishedMonth><publishedYear>2016</publishedYear><publishedDate>2016-04-30</publishedDate><doi>10.1016/j.precamres.2016.01.017</doi><url/><notes/><college>COLLEGE NANME</college><department>Engineering</department><CollegeCode>COLLEGE CODE</CollegeCode><DepartmentCode>EEN</DepartmentCode><institution>Swansea University</institution><apcterm/><lastEdited>2019-08-07T11:23:38.4997747</lastEdited><Created>2019-07-10T14:55:49.3300692</Created><path><level id="1">Faculty of Science and Engineering</level><level id="2">School of Engineering and Applied Sciences - Uncategorised</level></path><authors><author><firstname>Ria</firstname><surname>Mitchell</surname><orcid>0000-0002-6328-3998</orcid><order>1</order></author><author><firstname>Nathan D.</firstname><surname>Sheldon</surname><order>2</order></author></authors><documents/><OutputDurs/></rfc1807>
spelling 2019-08-07T11:23:38.4997747 v2 51054 2019-07-10 Sedimentary provenance and weathering processes in the 1.1 Ga Midcontinental Rift of the Keweenaw Peninsula, Michigan, USA fcfffafbafb0036c483338f839df45e5 0000-0002-6328-3998 Ria Mitchell Ria Mitchell true false 2019-07-10 EEN Fluvial, alluvial, lacustrine, and debris flow sedimentary rocks from the Keweenaw Peninsula (Michigan, USA) are geochemically characterized to examine weathering processes and provenance. These sedimentary rocks result from the erosion, weathering, and redistribution of effusive and plutonic igneous lithologies during periods of volcanic quiescence associated with the failed 1.1 Ga North American Midcontinental Rift. Three units comprising the sedimentary/igneous-mixed Portage Lake Volcanics, coarseness and source-varied Copper Harbor Conglomerate, and the quartz-rich post-rift fill unit of the Jacobsville Sandstone were studied over a geographically-wide and lithologically-varied range of localities across the Keweenaw Peninsula, Michigan. Provenance indicators such as Ti/Zr and Ti/Al ratios and La-Th-Sc ternary diagrams reveal that the Portage Lake Volcanic conglomerates are near-source, and that the Copper Harbor Conglomerate is primarily derived from felsic uplifted basement and recycled orogen lithologies to the east. The Jacobsville Sandstone is a combination of pulses of sources from the top to the bottom of the stratigraphic section: (1) felsic arkosic arenites sourced from the erosion and uplift of basement orogenic volcanic and plutonic rocks (top), (2) felsic arkosic-subarkosic arenites sourced from the erosion of uplifted basement, recycled orogeny and reworking of primary sedimentary and metasedimentary rocks (middle), and (3) quartz arenites eroded from the cratonic interior (highly mature). This work can consequently aid in structuring a stratigraphic nomenclature for the Jacobsville Sandstone. Both petrographic data and weathering indices such as the chemical index of alteration (CIA) and the paleosol hydrolysis metric (Al/Ca+Na+Mg+K) indicate low degrees of weathering during syn-rift deposition at 1.1 Ga, but increases with evolution of the rift in post-rift units toward the Late Mesoproterozoic/Early Neoproterozoic. Values for the CIA throughout the Mesoproterozoic from this and other localities have the same trend to that of proposed atmospheric CO2 concentrations derived from paleosol data, demonstrating that characterizing the weathering trends of floodplain deposits can be a useful addition to deciphering past paleoclimatic conditions in the Precambrian geologic record. Journal Article Precambrian Research 275 225 240 0301-9268 Weathering, Provenance, Mesoproterozoic, Midcontinental Rift, Keweenawan, Paleoenvironment 30 4 2016 2016-04-30 10.1016/j.precamres.2016.01.017 COLLEGE NANME Engineering COLLEGE CODE EEN Swansea University 2019-08-07T11:23:38.4997747 2019-07-10T14:55:49.3300692 Faculty of Science and Engineering School of Engineering and Applied Sciences - Uncategorised Ria Mitchell 0000-0002-6328-3998 1 Nathan D. Sheldon 2
title Sedimentary provenance and weathering processes in the 1.1 Ga Midcontinental Rift of the Keweenaw Peninsula, Michigan, USA
spellingShingle Sedimentary provenance and weathering processes in the 1.1 Ga Midcontinental Rift of the Keweenaw Peninsula, Michigan, USA
Ria Mitchell
title_short Sedimentary provenance and weathering processes in the 1.1 Ga Midcontinental Rift of the Keweenaw Peninsula, Michigan, USA
title_full Sedimentary provenance and weathering processes in the 1.1 Ga Midcontinental Rift of the Keweenaw Peninsula, Michigan, USA
title_fullStr Sedimentary provenance and weathering processes in the 1.1 Ga Midcontinental Rift of the Keweenaw Peninsula, Michigan, USA
title_full_unstemmed Sedimentary provenance and weathering processes in the 1.1 Ga Midcontinental Rift of the Keweenaw Peninsula, Michigan, USA
title_sort Sedimentary provenance and weathering processes in the 1.1 Ga Midcontinental Rift of the Keweenaw Peninsula, Michigan, USA
author_id_str_mv fcfffafbafb0036c483338f839df45e5
author_id_fullname_str_mv fcfffafbafb0036c483338f839df45e5_***_Ria Mitchell
author Ria Mitchell
author2 Ria Mitchell
Nathan D. Sheldon
format Journal article
container_title Precambrian Research
container_volume 275
container_start_page 225
publishDate 2016
institution Swansea University
issn 0301-9268
doi_str_mv 10.1016/j.precamres.2016.01.017
college_str Faculty of Science and Engineering
hierarchytype
hierarchy_top_id facultyofscienceandengineering
hierarchy_top_title Faculty of Science and Engineering
hierarchy_parent_id facultyofscienceandengineering
hierarchy_parent_title Faculty of Science and Engineering
department_str School of Engineering and Applied Sciences - Uncategorised{{{_:::_}}}Faculty of Science and Engineering{{{_:::_}}}School of Engineering and Applied Sciences - Uncategorised
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description Fluvial, alluvial, lacustrine, and debris flow sedimentary rocks from the Keweenaw Peninsula (Michigan, USA) are geochemically characterized to examine weathering processes and provenance. These sedimentary rocks result from the erosion, weathering, and redistribution of effusive and plutonic igneous lithologies during periods of volcanic quiescence associated with the failed 1.1 Ga North American Midcontinental Rift. Three units comprising the sedimentary/igneous-mixed Portage Lake Volcanics, coarseness and source-varied Copper Harbor Conglomerate, and the quartz-rich post-rift fill unit of the Jacobsville Sandstone were studied over a geographically-wide and lithologically-varied range of localities across the Keweenaw Peninsula, Michigan. Provenance indicators such as Ti/Zr and Ti/Al ratios and La-Th-Sc ternary diagrams reveal that the Portage Lake Volcanic conglomerates are near-source, and that the Copper Harbor Conglomerate is primarily derived from felsic uplifted basement and recycled orogen lithologies to the east. The Jacobsville Sandstone is a combination of pulses of sources from the top to the bottom of the stratigraphic section: (1) felsic arkosic arenites sourced from the erosion and uplift of basement orogenic volcanic and plutonic rocks (top), (2) felsic arkosic-subarkosic arenites sourced from the erosion of uplifted basement, recycled orogeny and reworking of primary sedimentary and metasedimentary rocks (middle), and (3) quartz arenites eroded from the cratonic interior (highly mature). This work can consequently aid in structuring a stratigraphic nomenclature for the Jacobsville Sandstone. Both petrographic data and weathering indices such as the chemical index of alteration (CIA) and the paleosol hydrolysis metric (Al/Ca+Na+Mg+K) indicate low degrees of weathering during syn-rift deposition at 1.1 Ga, but increases with evolution of the rift in post-rift units toward the Late Mesoproterozoic/Early Neoproterozoic. Values for the CIA throughout the Mesoproterozoic from this and other localities have the same trend to that of proposed atmospheric CO2 concentrations derived from paleosol data, demonstrating that characterizing the weathering trends of floodplain deposits can be a useful addition to deciphering past paleoclimatic conditions in the Precambrian geologic record.
published_date 2016-04-30T04:02:48Z
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