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Morphology of powerful suction organs from blepharicerid larvae living in raging torrents

Victor Kang, Richard Johnston Orcid Logo, Thomas van de Kamp, Tomáš Faragó, Walter Federle

BMC Zoology, Volume: 4, Issue: 1, Pages: 1 - 14

Swansea University Author: Richard Johnston Orcid Logo

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DOI (Published version): 10.1186/s40850-019-0049-6

Abstract

BackgroundSuction organs provide powerful yet dynamic attachments for many aquatic animals, including octopus, squid, remora, and clingfish. While the functional morphology of suction organs from some cephalopods and fishes has been investigated in detail, there are only few studies on such attachme...

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Published in: BMC Zoology
ISSN: 2056-3132
Published: Springer Science and Business Media LLC 2019
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URI: https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa53081
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fullrecord <?xml version="1.0"?><rfc1807><datestamp>2020-10-28T16:08:06.1926370</datestamp><bib-version>v2</bib-version><id>53081</id><entry>2019-12-31</entry><title>Morphology of powerful suction organs from blepharicerid larvae living in raging torrents</title><swanseaauthors><author><sid>23282e7acce87dd926b8a62ae410a393</sid><ORCID>0000-0003-1977-6418</ORCID><firstname>Richard</firstname><surname>Johnston</surname><name>Richard Johnston</name><active>true</active><ethesisStudent>false</ethesisStudent></author></swanseaauthors><date>2019-12-31</date><deptcode>MTLS</deptcode><abstract>BackgroundSuction organs provide powerful yet dynamic attachments for many aquatic animals, including octopus, squid, remora, and clingfish. While the functional morphology of suction organs from some cephalopods and fishes has been investigated in detail, there are only few studies on such attachment devices in insects. Here we characterise the morphology and ultrastructure of the suction attachment organs of net-winged midge larvae (genus Liponeura; Diptera: Blephariceridae) &#x2013; aquatic insects that live on rocks in rapid alpine waterways where flow speeds can reach 3&#x2009;m&#x2009;s&#x2212;&#x2009;1 &#x2013; using scanning electron microscopy, confocal laser scanning microscopy, and X-ray computed micro-tomography (micro-CT). Furthermore, we study the function of these organs in vivo using interference reflection microscopy.ResultsWe identified structural adaptations important for the function of the suction attachment organs in L. cinerascens and L. cordata. First, a dense array of spine-like microtrichia covering each suction disc comes into contact with the substrate upon attachment, analogous to hairy structures on suction organs from octopus, clingfish, and remora fish. These spine-like microtrichia may contribute to the seal and provide increased shear force resistance in high-drag environments. Second, specialised rim microtrichia at the suction disc periphery were found to form a continuous ring in close contact and may serve as a seal on a variety of surfaces. Third, a V-shaped cut on the suction disc (&#x201C;V-notch&#x201C;) is actively opened via two cuticular apodemes inserting on its flanks. The apodemes are attached to dedicated V-notch opening muscles, thereby providing a unique detachment mechanism. The complex cuticular design of the suction organs, along with specialised muscles that attach to them, allows blepharicerid larvae to generate powerful attachments which can withstand strong hydrodynamic forces and quickly detach for locomotion.ConclusionThe suction organs from Liponeura are underwater attachment devices specialised for resisting extremely fast flows. Structural adaptations from these suction organs could translate into future bioinspired attachment systems that perform well on a wide range of surfaces.</abstract><type>Journal Article</type><journal>BMC Zoology</journal><volume>4</volume><journalNumber>1</journalNumber><paginationStart>1</paginationStart><paginationEnd>14</paginationEnd><publisher>Springer Science and Business Media LLC</publisher><placeOfPublication/><isbnPrint/><isbnElectronic/><issnPrint/><issnElectronic>2056-3132</issnElectronic><keywords>aquatic invertebrates, adhesion, underwater, morphology, microstructures, sealing, micro-CT, biomimetics,</keywords><publishedDay>18</publishedDay><publishedMonth>12</publishedMonth><publishedYear>2019</publishedYear><publishedDate>2019-12-18</publishedDate><doi>10.1186/s40850-019-0049-6</doi><url/><notes/><college>COLLEGE NANME</college><department>Materials Science and Engineering</department><CollegeCode>COLLEGE CODE</CollegeCode><DepartmentCode>MTLS</DepartmentCode><institution>Swansea University</institution><apcterm/><lastEdited>2020-10-28T16:08:06.1926370</lastEdited><Created>2019-12-31T11:08:30.3448343</Created><path><level id="1">Faculty of Science and Engineering</level><level id="2">School of Engineering and Applied Sciences - Materials Science and Engineering</level></path><authors><author><firstname>Victor</firstname><surname>Kang</surname><order>1</order></author><author><firstname>Richard</firstname><surname>Johnston</surname><orcid>0000-0003-1977-6418</orcid><order>2</order></author><author><firstname>Thomas van de</firstname><surname>Kamp</surname><order>3</order></author><author><firstname>Tom&#xE1;&#x161;</firstname><surname>Farag&#xF3;</surname><order>4</order></author><author><firstname>Walter</firstname><surname>Federle</surname><order>5</order></author></authors><documents><document><filename>53081__16181__03e5751f1f2046b79f5e0031ef3349ac.pdf</filename><originalFilename>53081.pdf</originalFilename><uploaded>2019-12-31T11:13:50.0630552</uploaded><type>Output</type><contentLength>12794839</contentLength><contentType>application/pdf</contentType><version>Version of Record</version><cronfaStatus>true</cronfaStatus><documentNotes>Released under the terms of a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC-BY).</documentNotes><copyrightCorrect>true</copyrightCorrect><language>eng</language><licence>http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</licence></document></documents><OutputDurs/></rfc1807>
spelling 2020-10-28T16:08:06.1926370 v2 53081 2019-12-31 Morphology of powerful suction organs from blepharicerid larvae living in raging torrents 23282e7acce87dd926b8a62ae410a393 0000-0003-1977-6418 Richard Johnston Richard Johnston true false 2019-12-31 MTLS BackgroundSuction organs provide powerful yet dynamic attachments for many aquatic animals, including octopus, squid, remora, and clingfish. While the functional morphology of suction organs from some cephalopods and fishes has been investigated in detail, there are only few studies on such attachment devices in insects. Here we characterise the morphology and ultrastructure of the suction attachment organs of net-winged midge larvae (genus Liponeura; Diptera: Blephariceridae) – aquatic insects that live on rocks in rapid alpine waterways where flow speeds can reach 3 m s− 1 – using scanning electron microscopy, confocal laser scanning microscopy, and X-ray computed micro-tomography (micro-CT). Furthermore, we study the function of these organs in vivo using interference reflection microscopy.ResultsWe identified structural adaptations important for the function of the suction attachment organs in L. cinerascens and L. cordata. First, a dense array of spine-like microtrichia covering each suction disc comes into contact with the substrate upon attachment, analogous to hairy structures on suction organs from octopus, clingfish, and remora fish. These spine-like microtrichia may contribute to the seal and provide increased shear force resistance in high-drag environments. Second, specialised rim microtrichia at the suction disc periphery were found to form a continuous ring in close contact and may serve as a seal on a variety of surfaces. Third, a V-shaped cut on the suction disc (“V-notch“) is actively opened via two cuticular apodemes inserting on its flanks. The apodemes are attached to dedicated V-notch opening muscles, thereby providing a unique detachment mechanism. The complex cuticular design of the suction organs, along with specialised muscles that attach to them, allows blepharicerid larvae to generate powerful attachments which can withstand strong hydrodynamic forces and quickly detach for locomotion.ConclusionThe suction organs from Liponeura are underwater attachment devices specialised for resisting extremely fast flows. Structural adaptations from these suction organs could translate into future bioinspired attachment systems that perform well on a wide range of surfaces. Journal Article BMC Zoology 4 1 1 14 Springer Science and Business Media LLC 2056-3132 aquatic invertebrates, adhesion, underwater, morphology, microstructures, sealing, micro-CT, biomimetics, 18 12 2019 2019-12-18 10.1186/s40850-019-0049-6 COLLEGE NANME Materials Science and Engineering COLLEGE CODE MTLS Swansea University 2020-10-28T16:08:06.1926370 2019-12-31T11:08:30.3448343 Faculty of Science and Engineering School of Engineering and Applied Sciences - Materials Science and Engineering Victor Kang 1 Richard Johnston 0000-0003-1977-6418 2 Thomas van de Kamp 3 Tomáš Faragó 4 Walter Federle 5 53081__16181__03e5751f1f2046b79f5e0031ef3349ac.pdf 53081.pdf 2019-12-31T11:13:50.0630552 Output 12794839 application/pdf Version of Record true Released under the terms of a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC-BY). true eng http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
title Morphology of powerful suction organs from blepharicerid larvae living in raging torrents
spellingShingle Morphology of powerful suction organs from blepharicerid larvae living in raging torrents
Richard Johnston
title_short Morphology of powerful suction organs from blepharicerid larvae living in raging torrents
title_full Morphology of powerful suction organs from blepharicerid larvae living in raging torrents
title_fullStr Morphology of powerful suction organs from blepharicerid larvae living in raging torrents
title_full_unstemmed Morphology of powerful suction organs from blepharicerid larvae living in raging torrents
title_sort Morphology of powerful suction organs from blepharicerid larvae living in raging torrents
author_id_str_mv 23282e7acce87dd926b8a62ae410a393
author_id_fullname_str_mv 23282e7acce87dd926b8a62ae410a393_***_Richard Johnston
author Richard Johnston
author2 Victor Kang
Richard Johnston
Thomas van de Kamp
Tomáš Faragó
Walter Federle
format Journal article
container_title BMC Zoology
container_volume 4
container_issue 1
container_start_page 1
publishDate 2019
institution Swansea University
issn 2056-3132
doi_str_mv 10.1186/s40850-019-0049-6
publisher Springer Science and Business Media LLC
college_str Faculty of Science and Engineering
hierarchytype
hierarchy_top_id facultyofscienceandengineering
hierarchy_top_title Faculty of Science and Engineering
hierarchy_parent_id facultyofscienceandengineering
hierarchy_parent_title Faculty of Science and Engineering
department_str School of Engineering and Applied Sciences - Materials Science and Engineering{{{_:::_}}}Faculty of Science and Engineering{{{_:::_}}}School of Engineering and Applied Sciences - Materials Science and Engineering
document_store_str 1
active_str 0
description BackgroundSuction organs provide powerful yet dynamic attachments for many aquatic animals, including octopus, squid, remora, and clingfish. While the functional morphology of suction organs from some cephalopods and fishes has been investigated in detail, there are only few studies on such attachment devices in insects. Here we characterise the morphology and ultrastructure of the suction attachment organs of net-winged midge larvae (genus Liponeura; Diptera: Blephariceridae) – aquatic insects that live on rocks in rapid alpine waterways where flow speeds can reach 3 m s− 1 – using scanning electron microscopy, confocal laser scanning microscopy, and X-ray computed micro-tomography (micro-CT). Furthermore, we study the function of these organs in vivo using interference reflection microscopy.ResultsWe identified structural adaptations important for the function of the suction attachment organs in L. cinerascens and L. cordata. First, a dense array of spine-like microtrichia covering each suction disc comes into contact with the substrate upon attachment, analogous to hairy structures on suction organs from octopus, clingfish, and remora fish. These spine-like microtrichia may contribute to the seal and provide increased shear force resistance in high-drag environments. Second, specialised rim microtrichia at the suction disc periphery were found to form a continuous ring in close contact and may serve as a seal on a variety of surfaces. Third, a V-shaped cut on the suction disc (“V-notch“) is actively opened via two cuticular apodemes inserting on its flanks. The apodemes are attached to dedicated V-notch opening muscles, thereby providing a unique detachment mechanism. The complex cuticular design of the suction organs, along with specialised muscles that attach to them, allows blepharicerid larvae to generate powerful attachments which can withstand strong hydrodynamic forces and quickly detach for locomotion.ConclusionThe suction organs from Liponeura are underwater attachment devices specialised for resisting extremely fast flows. Structural adaptations from these suction organs could translate into future bioinspired attachment systems that perform well on a wide range of surfaces.
published_date 2019-12-18T04:05:52Z
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score 11.017797

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