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Rapid Detection of Botulinum Neurotoxins—A Review

Robert Hobbs, Carol A. Thomas, Jennifer Halliwell, Christopher D. Gwenin

Toxins, Volume: 11, Issue: 7, Start page: 418

Swansea University Author: Robert Hobbs

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DOI (Published version): 10.3390/toxins11070418

Abstract

A toxin is a poisonous substance produced within living cells or organisms. One of the most potent groups of toxins currently known are the Botulinum Neurotoxins (BoNTs). These are so deadly that as little as 62 ng could kill an average human; to put this into context that is approximately 200,000 ×...

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Published in: Toxins
ISSN: 2072-6651
Published: MDPI AG 2019
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URI: https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa54436
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spelling 2022-09-27T16:21:23.1465942 v2 54436 2019-06-15 Rapid Detection of Botulinum Neurotoxins—A Review aa993b1fe49241b9938dfb43633b5859 Robert Hobbs Robert Hobbs true false 2019-06-15 A toxin is a poisonous substance produced within living cells or organisms. One of the most potent groups of toxins currently known are the Botulinum Neurotoxins (BoNTs). These are so deadly that as little as 62 ng could kill an average human; to put this into context that is approximately 200,000 × less than the weight of a grain of sand. The extreme toxicity of BoNTs leads to the need for methods of determining their concentration at very low levels of sensitivity. Currently the mouse bioassay is the most widely used detection method monitoring the activity of the toxin; however, this assay is not only lengthy, it also has both cost and ethical issues due to the use of live animals. This review focuses on detection methods both existing and emerging that remove the need for the use of animals and will look at three areas; speed of detection, sensitivity of detection and finally cost. The assays will have wide reaching interest, ranging from the pharmaceutical/clinical industry for production quality management or as a point of care sensor in suspected cases of botulism, the food industry as a quality control measure, to the military, detecting BoNT that has been potentially used as a bio warfare agent. Journal Article Toxins 11 7 418 MDPI AG 2072-6651 Botulinum Neurotoxin; Botulism; Rapid Detection; Sensitivity; PoC 17 7 2019 2019-07-17 10.3390/toxins11070418 COLLEGE NANME COLLEGE CODE Swansea University 2022-09-27T16:21:23.1465942 2019-06-15T00:00:00.0000000 Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences Swansea University Medical School - Medicine Robert Hobbs 1 Carol A. Thomas 2 Jennifer Halliwell 3 Christopher D. Gwenin 4 54436__20661__ed519278c9c54dfb8eb01472ad790dca.pdf 54436.pdf 2021-08-18T14:46:41.1797259 Output 3168942 application/pdf Version of Record true © 2019 by the authors. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license true eng http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
title Rapid Detection of Botulinum Neurotoxins—A Review
spellingShingle Rapid Detection of Botulinum Neurotoxins—A Review
Robert Hobbs
title_short Rapid Detection of Botulinum Neurotoxins—A Review
title_full Rapid Detection of Botulinum Neurotoxins—A Review
title_fullStr Rapid Detection of Botulinum Neurotoxins—A Review
title_full_unstemmed Rapid Detection of Botulinum Neurotoxins—A Review
title_sort Rapid Detection of Botulinum Neurotoxins—A Review
author_id_str_mv aa993b1fe49241b9938dfb43633b5859
author_id_fullname_str_mv aa993b1fe49241b9938dfb43633b5859_***_Robert Hobbs
author Robert Hobbs
author2 Robert Hobbs
Carol A. Thomas
Jennifer Halliwell
Christopher D. Gwenin
format Journal article
container_title Toxins
container_volume 11
container_issue 7
container_start_page 418
publishDate 2019
institution Swansea University
issn 2072-6651
doi_str_mv 10.3390/toxins11070418
publisher MDPI AG
college_str Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences
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hierarchy_top_title Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences
hierarchy_parent_id facultyofmedicinehealthandlifesciences
hierarchy_parent_title Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences
department_str Swansea University Medical School - Medicine{{{_:::_}}}Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences{{{_:::_}}}Swansea University Medical School - Medicine
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description A toxin is a poisonous substance produced within living cells or organisms. One of the most potent groups of toxins currently known are the Botulinum Neurotoxins (BoNTs). These are so deadly that as little as 62 ng could kill an average human; to put this into context that is approximately 200,000 × less than the weight of a grain of sand. The extreme toxicity of BoNTs leads to the need for methods of determining their concentration at very low levels of sensitivity. Currently the mouse bioassay is the most widely used detection method monitoring the activity of the toxin; however, this assay is not only lengthy, it also has both cost and ethical issues due to the use of live animals. This review focuses on detection methods both existing and emerging that remove the need for the use of animals and will look at three areas; speed of detection, sensitivity of detection and finally cost. The assays will have wide reaching interest, ranging from the pharmaceutical/clinical industry for production quality management or as a point of care sensor in suspected cases of botulism, the food industry as a quality control measure, to the military, detecting BoNT that has been potentially used as a bio warfare agent.
published_date 2019-07-17T07:41:24Z
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score 11.056895

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