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Accreting coral reefs in a highly urbanized environment

Fraser Januchowski-Hartley Orcid Logo, Andrew G. Bauman Orcid Logo, Kyle M. Morgan Orcid Logo, Jovena C. L. Seah Orcid Logo, Danwei Huang Orcid Logo, Peter A. Todd Orcid Logo

Coral Reefs, Volume: 39, Issue: 3, Pages: 717 - 731

Swansea University Author: Fraser Januchowski-Hartley Orcid Logo

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DOI (Published version): 10.1007/s00338-020-01953-3

Abstract

Globally, many coral reefs have fallen into negative carbonate budget states, where biological erosion exceeds carbonate production. The compounding effects of urbanization and climate change have caused reductions in coral cover and shifts in community composition that may limit the ability of reef...

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Published in: Coral Reefs
ISSN: 0722-4028 1432-0975
Published: Springer Science and Business Media LLC 2020
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URI: https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa54444
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spelling 2023-03-13T09:54:43.0991021 v2 54444 2020-05-20 Accreting coral reefs in a highly urbanized environment 77e5e32d2047f69a621d6d810ff9299b 0000-0003-2468-8199 Fraser Januchowski-Hartley Fraser Januchowski-Hartley true false 2020-05-20 SBI Globally, many coral reefs have fallen into negative carbonate budget states, where biological erosion exceeds carbonate production. The compounding effects of urbanization and climate change have caused reductions in coral cover and shifts in community composition that may limit the ability of reefs to maintain rates of vertical accretion in line with rising sea levels. Here we report on coral reef carbonate budget surveys across seven coral reefs in Singapore, which persist under chronic turbidity and in highly disturbed environmental conditions, with less than 20% light penetration to 2 m depth. Results show that mean net carbonate budgets across Singapore’s reefs were relatively low, at 0.63 ± 0.27 kg CaCO3 m−2 yr−1 (mean ± 1 SE) with a range from − 1.56 to 1.97, compared with the mean carbonate budgets across the Indo-Pacific of 1.4 ± 0.15 kg CaCO3 m−2 yr−1, and isolated Indian Ocean reefs pre-2016 bleaching (~ 3.7 kg CaCO3 m−2 yr−1). Of the seven reefs surveyed, only one reef had a net negative, or erosional budget, due to near total loss of coral cover (< 5% remaining coral). Mean gross carbonate production on Singapore’s reefs was dominated by stress-tolerant and generalist species, with low-profile morphologies, and was ~ 3 kg m−2 yr−1 lower than on reefs with equivalent coral cover elsewhere in the Indo-Pacific. While overall these reefs are maintaining and adding carbonate structure, their mean vertical accretion potential is below both current rates of sea level rise (1993–2010), and future predictions under RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5 scenarios. This is likely to result in an increase of 0.2–0.6 m of water above Singapore’s reefs in the next 80 yr, further narrowing the depth range over which these reefs can persist. Journal Article Coral Reefs 39 3 717 731 Springer Science and Business Media LLC 0722-4028 1432-0975 Bioerosion, Carbonate budget, Reef growth, Singapore, Urbanization 1 6 2020 2020-06-01 10.1007/s00338-020-01953-3 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00338-020-01953-3 COLLEGE NANME Biosciences COLLEGE CODE SBI Swansea University 2023-03-13T09:54:43.0991021 2020-05-20T00:00:00.0000000 Faculty of Science and Engineering School of Biosciences, Geography and Physics - Biosciences Fraser Januchowski-Hartley 0000-0003-2468-8199 1 Andrew G. Bauman 0000-0001-9260-2153 2 Kyle M. Morgan 0000-0002-3412-703x 3 Jovena C. L. Seah 0000-0002-0488-999x 4 Danwei Huang 0000-0003-3365-5583 5 Peter A. Todd 0000-0001-5150-9323 6
title Accreting coral reefs in a highly urbanized environment
spellingShingle Accreting coral reefs in a highly urbanized environment
Fraser Januchowski-Hartley
title_short Accreting coral reefs in a highly urbanized environment
title_full Accreting coral reefs in a highly urbanized environment
title_fullStr Accreting coral reefs in a highly urbanized environment
title_full_unstemmed Accreting coral reefs in a highly urbanized environment
title_sort Accreting coral reefs in a highly urbanized environment
author_id_str_mv 77e5e32d2047f69a621d6d810ff9299b
author_id_fullname_str_mv 77e5e32d2047f69a621d6d810ff9299b_***_Fraser Januchowski-Hartley
author Fraser Januchowski-Hartley
author2 Fraser Januchowski-Hartley
Andrew G. Bauman
Kyle M. Morgan
Jovena C. L. Seah
Danwei Huang
Peter A. Todd
format Journal article
container_title Coral Reefs
container_volume 39
container_issue 3
container_start_page 717
publishDate 2020
institution Swansea University
issn 0722-4028
1432-0975
doi_str_mv 10.1007/s00338-020-01953-3
publisher Springer Science and Business Media LLC
college_str Faculty of Science and Engineering
hierarchytype
hierarchy_top_id facultyofscienceandengineering
hierarchy_top_title Faculty of Science and Engineering
hierarchy_parent_id facultyofscienceandengineering
hierarchy_parent_title Faculty of Science and Engineering
department_str School of Biosciences, Geography and Physics - Biosciences{{{_:::_}}}Faculty of Science and Engineering{{{_:::_}}}School of Biosciences, Geography and Physics - Biosciences
url http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00338-020-01953-3
document_store_str 0
active_str 0
description Globally, many coral reefs have fallen into negative carbonate budget states, where biological erosion exceeds carbonate production. The compounding effects of urbanization and climate change have caused reductions in coral cover and shifts in community composition that may limit the ability of reefs to maintain rates of vertical accretion in line with rising sea levels. Here we report on coral reef carbonate budget surveys across seven coral reefs in Singapore, which persist under chronic turbidity and in highly disturbed environmental conditions, with less than 20% light penetration to 2 m depth. Results show that mean net carbonate budgets across Singapore’s reefs were relatively low, at 0.63 ± 0.27 kg CaCO3 m−2 yr−1 (mean ± 1 SE) with a range from − 1.56 to 1.97, compared with the mean carbonate budgets across the Indo-Pacific of 1.4 ± 0.15 kg CaCO3 m−2 yr−1, and isolated Indian Ocean reefs pre-2016 bleaching (~ 3.7 kg CaCO3 m−2 yr−1). Of the seven reefs surveyed, only one reef had a net negative, or erosional budget, due to near total loss of coral cover (< 5% remaining coral). Mean gross carbonate production on Singapore’s reefs was dominated by stress-tolerant and generalist species, with low-profile morphologies, and was ~ 3 kg m−2 yr−1 lower than on reefs with equivalent coral cover elsewhere in the Indo-Pacific. While overall these reefs are maintaining and adding carbonate structure, their mean vertical accretion potential is below both current rates of sea level rise (1993–2010), and future predictions under RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5 scenarios. This is likely to result in an increase of 0.2–0.6 m of water above Singapore’s reefs in the next 80 yr, further narrowing the depth range over which these reefs can persist.
published_date 2020-06-01T04:07:59Z
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score 11.016235

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