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Variegated forms of embeddedness: home-grown neoliberal authoritarianism in Tunisia under Ben Ali

Evrim Görmüş, Emel Akcali Orcid Logo

Journal of International Relations and Development, Volume: 24, Issue: 2, Pages: 408 - 429

Swansea University Author: Emel Akcali Orcid Logo

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DOI (Published version): 10.1057/s41268-020-00196-7

Abstract

This article aims to analyse the impact of structural adjustment programmes, widelyknown as the ‘neoliberal model’, on the resilience of authoritarianism during BenAli’s regime in Tunisia, to uncover the possible outcomes of the embedded neoliberaland the authoritarian blending. To do this, it engag...

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Published in: Journal of International Relations and Development
ISSN: 1408-6980 1581-1980
Published: Springer Science and Business Media LLC 2021
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URI: https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa54849
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spelling 2021-07-16T17:30:05.3842532 v2 54849 2020-08-03 Variegated forms of embeddedness: home-grown neoliberal authoritarianism in Tunisia under Ben Ali 12ffa0cb3d251bf610bc6d6c3344236a 0000-0002-1461-0331 Emel Akcali Emel Akcali true false 2020-08-03 APC This article aims to analyse the impact of structural adjustment programmes, widelyknown as the ‘neoliberal model’, on the resilience of authoritarianism during BenAli’s regime in Tunisia, to uncover the possible outcomes of the embedded neoliberaland the authoritarian blending. To do this, it engages with two sets of broadquestions. How did the Ben Ali regime continue to maintain the regime’s tight gripon power in Tunisia during a ‘neoliberal’ transformation which in theory aims atreducing state influence? What does the Tunisian example tell us about the nature ofembedded neoliberalism and its links with authoritarianism in general? The articleanswers these questions through the analysis of the novel social policy institutions ofeconomic restructuring that took place during the Ben Ali era, namely the NationalSolidarity Fund, the Tunisian Solidarity Bank and the National Employment Fund.It concludes that these new tools under ‘neoliberal’ transformation increased stateintervention in both politics and the economy, and reproduced the societal dependenceon the state. Such form of neoliberalism has helped to sustain authoritarianism,but at the same time led to its demise when the social contract in which selectivesocial benefits were provided in exchange for political loyalty failed.Keywords Authoritarianism · Ben ali · Embeddedness · Neoliberalism · Structuraladjustment programmemes · Tunisia Journal Article Journal of International Relations and Development 24 2 408 429 Springer Science and Business Media LLC 1408-6980 1581-1980 Authoritarianism; Ben ali; Embeddedness; Neoliberalism; Structural adjustment programmemes; Tunisia 1 6 2021 2021-06-01 10.1057/s41268-020-00196-7 COLLEGE NANME Politics, Philosophy and International Relations COLLEGE CODE APC Swansea University 2021-07-16T17:30:05.3842532 2020-08-03T11:00:22.9470263 Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences School of Culture and Communication - Politics, Philosophy and International Relations Evrim Görmüş 1 Emel Akcali 0000-0002-1461-0331 2 54849__18205__68ab5c1a32d3465caefb53a8ef0d85ec.pdf 54849.pdf 2020-09-18T16:51:45.8428263 Output 232017 application/pdf Accepted Manuscript true 2021-07-27T00:00:00.0000000 true eng
title Variegated forms of embeddedness: home-grown neoliberal authoritarianism in Tunisia under Ben Ali
spellingShingle Variegated forms of embeddedness: home-grown neoliberal authoritarianism in Tunisia under Ben Ali
Emel Akcali
title_short Variegated forms of embeddedness: home-grown neoliberal authoritarianism in Tunisia under Ben Ali
title_full Variegated forms of embeddedness: home-grown neoliberal authoritarianism in Tunisia under Ben Ali
title_fullStr Variegated forms of embeddedness: home-grown neoliberal authoritarianism in Tunisia under Ben Ali
title_full_unstemmed Variegated forms of embeddedness: home-grown neoliberal authoritarianism in Tunisia under Ben Ali
title_sort Variegated forms of embeddedness: home-grown neoliberal authoritarianism in Tunisia under Ben Ali
author_id_str_mv 12ffa0cb3d251bf610bc6d6c3344236a
author_id_fullname_str_mv 12ffa0cb3d251bf610bc6d6c3344236a_***_Emel Akcali
author Emel Akcali
author2 Evrim Görmüş
Emel Akcali
format Journal article
container_title Journal of International Relations and Development
container_volume 24
container_issue 2
container_start_page 408
publishDate 2021
institution Swansea University
issn 1408-6980
1581-1980
doi_str_mv 10.1057/s41268-020-00196-7
publisher Springer Science and Business Media LLC
college_str Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences
hierarchytype
hierarchy_top_id facultyofhumanitiesandsocialsciences
hierarchy_top_title Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences
hierarchy_parent_id facultyofhumanitiesandsocialsciences
hierarchy_parent_title Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences
department_str School of Culture and Communication - Politics, Philosophy and International Relations{{{_:::_}}}Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences{{{_:::_}}}School of Culture and Communication - Politics, Philosophy and International Relations
document_store_str 1
active_str 0
description This article aims to analyse the impact of structural adjustment programmes, widelyknown as the ‘neoliberal model’, on the resilience of authoritarianism during BenAli’s regime in Tunisia, to uncover the possible outcomes of the embedded neoliberaland the authoritarian blending. To do this, it engages with two sets of broadquestions. How did the Ben Ali regime continue to maintain the regime’s tight gripon power in Tunisia during a ‘neoliberal’ transformation which in theory aims atreducing state influence? What does the Tunisian example tell us about the nature ofembedded neoliberalism and its links with authoritarianism in general? The articleanswers these questions through the analysis of the novel social policy institutions ofeconomic restructuring that took place during the Ben Ali era, namely the NationalSolidarity Fund, the Tunisian Solidarity Bank and the National Employment Fund.It concludes that these new tools under ‘neoliberal’ transformation increased stateintervention in both politics and the economy, and reproduced the societal dependenceon the state. Such form of neoliberalism has helped to sustain authoritarianism,but at the same time led to its demise when the social contract in which selectivesocial benefits were provided in exchange for political loyalty failed.Keywords Authoritarianism · Ben ali · Embeddedness · Neoliberalism · Structuraladjustment programmemes · Tunisia
published_date 2021-06-01T04:08:39Z
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score 11.036116

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