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Relative roles of genetic and epigenetic variation on the ecology and evolution of mangrove killifishes (Kryptolebias spp.) / WALDIR FILHO

Swansea University Author: WALDIR FILHO

DOI (Published version): 10.23889/Suthesis.55248

Abstract

The field of ecological epigenetics aims to understand the implications of epigenetic modifications in adaptation, inheritance and ultimately, evolution. Many questions remain open within ecological epigenetics, in particular, how epigenetic variation is influenced by genetic background, the extent...

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Published: Swansea 2019
Institution: Swansea University
Degree level: Doctoral
Degree name: Ph.D
Supervisor: Consuegra, Sofia ; Garcia de Leaniz, Carlos
URI: https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa55248
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first_indexed 2020-09-23T10:16:11Z
last_indexed 2020-09-24T03:18:46Z
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spelling 2020-09-23T15:06:45.6618004 v2 55248 2020-09-23 Relative roles of genetic and epigenetic variation on the ecology and evolution of mangrove killifishes (Kryptolebias spp.) 5e4191688aaa1634d758ebcf30f1fd95 WALDIR FILHO WALDIR FILHO true false 2020-09-23 The field of ecological epigenetics aims to understand the implications of epigenetic modifications in adaptation, inheritance and ultimately, evolution. Many questions remain open within ecological epigenetics, in particular, how epigenetic variation is influenced by genetic background, the extent of environmentally-induced epigenetic variants, as well as its degree of heritability. This thesis used the unique diversity of mating systems present in the killifish genus Kryptolebias to investigate how genetic and environmental variation shape epigenetic variation in animals. Genetic and epigenetic structure was investigated in natural populations of K. hermaphroditus in northeast Brazil, with the species being confirmed as the second example of mixed-mating system in vertebrates. Cytosine methylation was largely influenced by genetic background. However, within-populations, when individuals were more genetically similar, DNA methylation was mostly affected by parasites. Kryptolebias ocellatus, here confirmed as an outcrossing-only androdioecious species, showed deep genetic structure in southeast Brazil. Hybridisation between K. ocellatus and the predominantly selfing K. hermaphroditus was uncovered, representing the first example of hybridisation between species with different mating systems in vertebrates. Hybrids had intermediate patterns of cytosine methylation relatively to the parental species, with important biological processes being potentially misregulated. Environmental enrichment was shown to affect brain cytosine methylation patterns in two inbred strains of K. marmoratus, however genetic background had a stronger effect than environmental variation. Commonly-affected epialleles between genotypes predominantly showed a genotype-by-environment reaction norm, suggesting that exclusively environmentally-induced epialleles may be rare. Intergenerationally, parental activity affected offspring activity, and a limited number of putative intergenerational epialleles were identified. This is the first example of behavioural parental effects induced by environmental enrichment in fish. These findings show that genetic background has a prominent effect and must be take into account when evaluating the evolutionary potential of cytosine methylation variation. In addition, inheritance of environmentally-induced cytosine methylation epialleles may be limited, with other epigenetic mechanisms, such as microRNAs, being more likely to escape epigenetic reprogramming and transmit epigenetically-induced parental effects. E-Thesis Swansea Evolutionary Biology, Mating systems, DNA methylation, Hybridisation 1 10 2019 2019-10-01 10.23889/Suthesis.55248 A selection of third party content is redacted or is partially redacted from this thesis. COLLEGE NANME COLLEGE CODE Swansea University Consuegra, Sofia ; Garcia de Leaniz, Carlos Doctoral Ph.D Brazilian government through CNPq (Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico): 33161/2014-7; National Geographic Society/ Waitt Program: W461-16 2020-09-23T15:06:45.6618004 2020-09-23T11:12:22.3615762 Faculty of Science and Engineering School of Biosciences, Geography and Physics - Biosciences WALDIR FILHO 1 55248__18231__08166c5d3bd147e7a552b4cf51b53f97.pdf BerbelFilho_Waldir_M_PhD_Thesis_Final_Redacted.pdf 2020-09-23T12:07:52.9797452 Output 9892558 application/pdf Redacted version - open access true true eng
title Relative roles of genetic and epigenetic variation on the ecology and evolution of mangrove killifishes (Kryptolebias spp.)
spellingShingle Relative roles of genetic and epigenetic variation on the ecology and evolution of mangrove killifishes (Kryptolebias spp.)
WALDIR FILHO
title_short Relative roles of genetic and epigenetic variation on the ecology and evolution of mangrove killifishes (Kryptolebias spp.)
title_full Relative roles of genetic and epigenetic variation on the ecology and evolution of mangrove killifishes (Kryptolebias spp.)
title_fullStr Relative roles of genetic and epigenetic variation on the ecology and evolution of mangrove killifishes (Kryptolebias spp.)
title_full_unstemmed Relative roles of genetic and epigenetic variation on the ecology and evolution of mangrove killifishes (Kryptolebias spp.)
title_sort Relative roles of genetic and epigenetic variation on the ecology and evolution of mangrove killifishes (Kryptolebias spp.)
author_id_str_mv 5e4191688aaa1634d758ebcf30f1fd95
author_id_fullname_str_mv 5e4191688aaa1634d758ebcf30f1fd95_***_WALDIR FILHO
author WALDIR FILHO
author2 WALDIR FILHO
format E-Thesis
publishDate 2019
institution Swansea University
doi_str_mv 10.23889/Suthesis.55248
college_str Faculty of Science and Engineering
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hierarchy_top_id facultyofscienceandengineering
hierarchy_top_title Faculty of Science and Engineering
hierarchy_parent_id facultyofscienceandengineering
hierarchy_parent_title Faculty of Science and Engineering
department_str School of Biosciences, Geography and Physics - Biosciences{{{_:::_}}}Faculty of Science and Engineering{{{_:::_}}}School of Biosciences, Geography and Physics - Biosciences
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description The field of ecological epigenetics aims to understand the implications of epigenetic modifications in adaptation, inheritance and ultimately, evolution. Many questions remain open within ecological epigenetics, in particular, how epigenetic variation is influenced by genetic background, the extent of environmentally-induced epigenetic variants, as well as its degree of heritability. This thesis used the unique diversity of mating systems present in the killifish genus Kryptolebias to investigate how genetic and environmental variation shape epigenetic variation in animals. Genetic and epigenetic structure was investigated in natural populations of K. hermaphroditus in northeast Brazil, with the species being confirmed as the second example of mixed-mating system in vertebrates. Cytosine methylation was largely influenced by genetic background. However, within-populations, when individuals were more genetically similar, DNA methylation was mostly affected by parasites. Kryptolebias ocellatus, here confirmed as an outcrossing-only androdioecious species, showed deep genetic structure in southeast Brazil. Hybridisation between K. ocellatus and the predominantly selfing K. hermaphroditus was uncovered, representing the first example of hybridisation between species with different mating systems in vertebrates. Hybrids had intermediate patterns of cytosine methylation relatively to the parental species, with important biological processes being potentially misregulated. Environmental enrichment was shown to affect brain cytosine methylation patterns in two inbred strains of K. marmoratus, however genetic background had a stronger effect than environmental variation. Commonly-affected epialleles between genotypes predominantly showed a genotype-by-environment reaction norm, suggesting that exclusively environmentally-induced epialleles may be rare. Intergenerationally, parental activity affected offspring activity, and a limited number of putative intergenerational epialleles were identified. This is the first example of behavioural parental effects induced by environmental enrichment in fish. These findings show that genetic background has a prominent effect and must be take into account when evaluating the evolutionary potential of cytosine methylation variation. In addition, inheritance of environmentally-induced cytosine methylation epialleles may be limited, with other epigenetic mechanisms, such as microRNAs, being more likely to escape epigenetic reprogramming and transmit epigenetically-induced parental effects.
published_date 2019-10-01T04:09:20Z
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