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Sensitisation behaviour of grain boundary engineered austenitic stainless steel

Richard Jones, Valerie Randle

Materials Science and Engineering: A, Volume: 527, Issue: 16-17, Pages: 4275 - 4280

Swansea University Author: Valerie Randle

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DOI (Published version): 10.1016/j.msea.2010.03.058

Abstract

Thermo-mechanical processes involving both single and multiple cycles of low level (5%) strain and annealing were applied to specimens of a type 304 austenitic stainless steel in order to encourage grain boundary engineering (GBE). As a result of the GBE processing the total length proportion of Σ3n...

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Published in: Materials Science and Engineering: A
ISSN: 0921-5093
Published: 2010
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URI: https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa5525
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fullrecord <?xml version="1.0"?><rfc1807><datestamp>2016-08-17T14:02:20.0124935</datestamp><bib-version>v2</bib-version><id>5525</id><entry>2013-09-03</entry><title>Sensitisation behaviour of grain boundary engineered austenitic stainless steel</title><swanseaauthors><author><sid>50774edc7f60dff63ee0cbd56be764b8</sid><firstname>Valerie</firstname><surname>Randle</surname><name>Valerie Randle</name><active>true</active><ethesisStudent>false</ethesisStudent></author></swanseaauthors><date>2013-09-03</date><deptcode>FGSEN</deptcode><abstract>Thermo-mechanical processes involving both single and multiple cycles of low level (5%) strain and annealing were applied to specimens of a type 304 austenitic stainless steel in order to encourage grain boundary engineering (GBE). As a result of the GBE processing the total length proportion of &#x3A3;3n coincidence site lattice (CSL) boundaries was increased from 43% up to a maximum of 75% in conjunction with moderate grain growth. The increases in &#x3A3;3 and &#x3A3;9 boundaries resulted in significant decreases in the degree of sensitisation following exposure at 650 &#xB0;C for up to 4 h and assessment through Double Loop-Electrochemical Potentiokinetic Reactivation (DL-EPR) tests. Over 97% of &#x3A3;3 boundaries were immune to sensitisation and approximately 80% of &#x3A3;9 boundaries were either immune or partially resistant to sensitisation, whereas all other CSL boundaries and general boundaries did not resist sensitisation. Therefore, only &#x3A3;3 and &#x3A3;9 boundaries were &#x2018;special&#x2019;. Deformation applied by cold rolling was more effective than tensile deformation in bringing about GBE. In summary, the results presented here show that increasing the fraction of &#x3A3;3 and &#x3A3;9 boundaries through GBE processing, accompanied by only moderate grain growth, provides an effective route to protection from sensitisation and intergranular corrosion.</abstract><type>Journal Article</type><journal>Materials Science and Engineering: A</journal><volume>527</volume><journalNumber>16-17</journalNumber><paginationStart>4275</paginationStart><paginationEnd>4280</paginationEnd><publisher/><issnPrint>0921-5093</issnPrint><keywords>&#x2022;Intergranular corrosion; &#x2022;Grain boundary type; &#x2022;Grain boundary engineering; &#x2022;Sensitisation; &#x2022;Austenitic stainless steel</keywords><publishedDay>31</publishedDay><publishedMonth>12</publishedMonth><publishedYear>2010</publishedYear><publishedDate>2010-12-31</publishedDate><doi>10.1016/j.msea.2010.03.058</doi><url/><notes>This work arose from a &#xA3;88,493 grant awarded from Rolls Royce Marine for a project &#x2018;Mitigation of intergranular degradation in austenitic stainless steels&#x2019;. This paper, in a journal with a five-year IF 2.22 and having 11 citations, reports how intergranular corrosion (sensitization) is reduced by custom-designed grain boundary engineering (GBE). The data provided unequivocal support for GBE: after processing 97% of &#x3A3;3 boundaries were sensitization immune and 80% of &#x3A3;9 boundaries were immune or partially immune. These improvements were achieved using small strains and short annealing times, which is an attraction for future scale-up of this work for commercial purposes.</notes><college>COLLEGE NANME</college><department>Science and Engineering - Faculty</department><CollegeCode>COLLEGE CODE</CollegeCode><DepartmentCode>FGSEN</DepartmentCode><institution>Swansea University</institution><apcterm/><lastEdited>2016-08-17T14:02:20.0124935</lastEdited><Created>2013-09-03T06:10:43.0000000</Created><path><level id="1">Faculty of Science and Engineering</level><level id="2">School of Engineering and Applied Sciences - Uncategorised</level></path><authors><author><firstname>Richard</firstname><surname>Jones</surname><order>1</order></author><author><firstname>Valerie</firstname><surname>Randle</surname><order>2</order></author></authors><documents/><OutputDurs/></rfc1807>
spelling 2016-08-17T14:02:20.0124935 v2 5525 2013-09-03 Sensitisation behaviour of grain boundary engineered austenitic stainless steel 50774edc7f60dff63ee0cbd56be764b8 Valerie Randle Valerie Randle true false 2013-09-03 FGSEN Thermo-mechanical processes involving both single and multiple cycles of low level (5%) strain and annealing were applied to specimens of a type 304 austenitic stainless steel in order to encourage grain boundary engineering (GBE). As a result of the GBE processing the total length proportion of Σ3n coincidence site lattice (CSL) boundaries was increased from 43% up to a maximum of 75% in conjunction with moderate grain growth. The increases in Σ3 and Σ9 boundaries resulted in significant decreases in the degree of sensitisation following exposure at 650 °C for up to 4 h and assessment through Double Loop-Electrochemical Potentiokinetic Reactivation (DL-EPR) tests. Over 97% of Σ3 boundaries were immune to sensitisation and approximately 80% of Σ9 boundaries were either immune or partially resistant to sensitisation, whereas all other CSL boundaries and general boundaries did not resist sensitisation. Therefore, only Σ3 and Σ9 boundaries were ‘special’. Deformation applied by cold rolling was more effective than tensile deformation in bringing about GBE. In summary, the results presented here show that increasing the fraction of Σ3 and Σ9 boundaries through GBE processing, accompanied by only moderate grain growth, provides an effective route to protection from sensitisation and intergranular corrosion. Journal Article Materials Science and Engineering: A 527 16-17 4275 4280 0921-5093 •Intergranular corrosion; •Grain boundary type; •Grain boundary engineering; •Sensitisation; •Austenitic stainless steel 31 12 2010 2010-12-31 10.1016/j.msea.2010.03.058 This work arose from a £88,493 grant awarded from Rolls Royce Marine for a project ‘Mitigation of intergranular degradation in austenitic stainless steels’. This paper, in a journal with a five-year IF 2.22 and having 11 citations, reports how intergranular corrosion (sensitization) is reduced by custom-designed grain boundary engineering (GBE). The data provided unequivocal support for GBE: after processing 97% of Σ3 boundaries were sensitization immune and 80% of Σ9 boundaries were immune or partially immune. These improvements were achieved using small strains and short annealing times, which is an attraction for future scale-up of this work for commercial purposes. COLLEGE NANME Science and Engineering - Faculty COLLEGE CODE FGSEN Swansea University 2016-08-17T14:02:20.0124935 2013-09-03T06:10:43.0000000 Faculty of Science and Engineering School of Engineering and Applied Sciences - Uncategorised Richard Jones 1 Valerie Randle 2
title Sensitisation behaviour of grain boundary engineered austenitic stainless steel
spellingShingle Sensitisation behaviour of grain boundary engineered austenitic stainless steel
Valerie Randle
title_short Sensitisation behaviour of grain boundary engineered austenitic stainless steel
title_full Sensitisation behaviour of grain boundary engineered austenitic stainless steel
title_fullStr Sensitisation behaviour of grain boundary engineered austenitic stainless steel
title_full_unstemmed Sensitisation behaviour of grain boundary engineered austenitic stainless steel
title_sort Sensitisation behaviour of grain boundary engineered austenitic stainless steel
author_id_str_mv 50774edc7f60dff63ee0cbd56be764b8
author_id_fullname_str_mv 50774edc7f60dff63ee0cbd56be764b8_***_Valerie Randle
author Valerie Randle
author2 Richard Jones
Valerie Randle
format Journal article
container_title Materials Science and Engineering: A
container_volume 527
container_issue 16-17
container_start_page 4275
publishDate 2010
institution Swansea University
issn 0921-5093
doi_str_mv 10.1016/j.msea.2010.03.058
college_str Faculty of Science and Engineering
hierarchytype
hierarchy_top_id facultyofscienceandengineering
hierarchy_top_title Faculty of Science and Engineering
hierarchy_parent_id facultyofscienceandengineering
hierarchy_parent_title Faculty of Science and Engineering
department_str School of Engineering and Applied Sciences - Uncategorised{{{_:::_}}}Faculty of Science and Engineering{{{_:::_}}}School of Engineering and Applied Sciences - Uncategorised
document_store_str 0
active_str 0
description Thermo-mechanical processes involving both single and multiple cycles of low level (5%) strain and annealing were applied to specimens of a type 304 austenitic stainless steel in order to encourage grain boundary engineering (GBE). As a result of the GBE processing the total length proportion of Σ3n coincidence site lattice (CSL) boundaries was increased from 43% up to a maximum of 75% in conjunction with moderate grain growth. The increases in Σ3 and Σ9 boundaries resulted in significant decreases in the degree of sensitisation following exposure at 650 °C for up to 4 h and assessment through Double Loop-Electrochemical Potentiokinetic Reactivation (DL-EPR) tests. Over 97% of Σ3 boundaries were immune to sensitisation and approximately 80% of Σ9 boundaries were either immune or partially resistant to sensitisation, whereas all other CSL boundaries and general boundaries did not resist sensitisation. Therefore, only Σ3 and Σ9 boundaries were ‘special’. Deformation applied by cold rolling was more effective than tensile deformation in bringing about GBE. In summary, the results presented here show that increasing the fraction of Σ3 and Σ9 boundaries through GBE processing, accompanied by only moderate grain growth, provides an effective route to protection from sensitisation and intergranular corrosion.
published_date 2010-12-31T03:06:38Z
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score 11.036334

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