No Cover Image

Journal article 778 views 133 downloads

Quantifying the frequency and volume of urine deposition by grazing sheep using tri-axial accelerometers

K.A. Marsden, Lucy Lush Orcid Logo, J.A. Holmberg, I.M. Harris, M.J. Whelan, S. Webb, Andrew King Orcid Logo, Rory Wilson Orcid Logo, D.L. Jones, A.F. Charteris, L.M. Cardenas, D.R. Chadwick

Animal, Volume: 15, Issue: 6, Start page: 100234

Swansea University Authors: Lucy Lush Orcid Logo, Andrew King Orcid Logo, Rory Wilson Orcid Logo

  • 57034.pdf

    PDF | Version of Record

    © 2021 The Authors. This is an open access article under the CC BY license

    Download (1.25MB)

Check full text

DOI (Published version): 10.1016/j.animal.2021.100234

Abstract

Urine patches deposited in pasture by grazing animals are sites of reactive nitrogen (N) loss to the environment due to high concentrations of N exceeding pasture uptake requirements. In order to upscale N losses from the urine patch, several urination parameters are required, including where, when...

Full description

Published in: Animal
ISSN: 1751-7311
Published: Elsevier BV 2021
Online Access: Check full text

URI: https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa57034
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
first_indexed 2021-06-05T16:31:27Z
last_indexed 2023-01-11T14:36:40Z
id cronfa57034
recordtype SURis
fullrecord <?xml version="1.0"?><rfc1807><datestamp>2022-07-08T11:05:47.8559990</datestamp><bib-version>v2</bib-version><id>57034</id><entry>2021-06-05</entry><title>Quantifying the frequency and volume of urine deposition by grazing sheep using tri-axial accelerometers</title><swanseaauthors><author><sid>a6562662392253d7c107dca22d31823d</sid><ORCID>0000-0002-6738-0090</ORCID><firstname>Lucy</firstname><surname>Lush</surname><name>Lucy Lush</name><active>true</active><ethesisStudent>false</ethesisStudent></author><author><sid>cc115b4bc4672840f960acc1cb078642</sid><ORCID>0000-0002-6870-9767</ORCID><firstname>Andrew</firstname><surname>King</surname><name>Andrew King</name><active>true</active><ethesisStudent>false</ethesisStudent></author><author><sid>017bc6dd155098860945dc6249c4e9bc</sid><ORCID>0000-0003-3177-0177</ORCID><firstname>Rory</firstname><surname>Wilson</surname><name>Rory Wilson</name><active>true</active><ethesisStudent>false</ethesisStudent></author></swanseaauthors><date>2021-06-05</date><deptcode>SBI</deptcode><abstract>Urine patches deposited in pasture by grazing animals are sites of reactive nitrogen (N) loss to the environment due to high concentrations of N exceeding pasture uptake requirements. In order to upscale N losses from the urine patch, several urination parameters are required, including where, when and how often urination events occur as well as the volume and chemical composition. There are limited data available in this respect, especially for sheep. Here, we seek to address this knowledge gap by using non-invasive sensor-based technology (accelerometers) on ewes grazing in situ, using a Boolean algorithm to detect urination events in the accelerometer signal. We conducted an initial study with penned Welsh Mountain ewes (n = 5), with accelerometers attached to the hind, to derive urine flow rate and to determine whether urine volume could be estimated from ewe squat time. Then accelerometers attached to the hind of Welsh Mountain ewes (n = 30 at each site) were used to investigate the frequency of sheep urination events (n = 35 946) whilst grazing two extensively managed upland pastures (semi-improved and unimproved) across two seasons (spring and autumn) at each site (35&#x2013;40 days each). Sheep urinated at a frequency of 10.2 &#xB1; 0.2 and 8.1 &#xB1; 0.3 times per day in the spring and autumn, respectively, while grazing the semi-improved pasture. Urination frequency was greater (19.0 &#xB1; 0.4 and 15.3 &#xB1; 0.3 times per day in the spring and autumn, respectively) in the unimproved pasture. Ewe squat duration could be reliably used to predict the volume of urine deposited per event and was thus used to estimate mean daily urine production volumes. Sheep urinated at a rate of 16.6 mL/s and, across the entire dataset, sheep squatted for an average of 9.62 &#xB1; 0.03 s per squatting event, producing an estimated average individual urine event volume of 159 &#xB1; 1 mL (n = 35 946 events), ranging between 17 and 745 mL (for squat durations of 1 to 45 s). The estimated mean daily urine volume was 2.15 &#xB1; 0.04 L (n = 2 669 days) across the entire dataset. The data will be useful for modelling studies estimating N losses (e.g. ammonia (NH3) volatilisation, nitrous oxide (N2O) emission via nitrification and denitrification and nitrate (NO3&#x2212;) leaching) from urine patches.</abstract><type>Journal Article</type><journal>Animal</journal><volume>15</volume><journalNumber>6</journalNumber><paginationStart>100234</paginationStart><paginationEnd/><publisher>Elsevier BV</publisher><placeOfPublication/><isbnPrint/><isbnElectronic/><issnPrint>1751-7311</issnPrint><issnElectronic/><keywords>Livestock; Nitrogen cycle; Pasture; Sensor; Urination</keywords><publishedDay>4</publishedDay><publishedMonth>6</publishedMonth><publishedYear>2021</publishedYear><publishedDate>2021-06-04</publishedDate><doi>10.1016/j.animal.2021.100234</doi><url/><notes/><college>COLLEGE NANME</college><department>Biosciences</department><CollegeCode>COLLEGE CODE</CollegeCode><DepartmentCode>SBI</DepartmentCode><institution>Swansea University</institution><apcterm/><funders>This work was funded under the UK Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), grant award (NE/M015351/1, NE/M013847/1 and NE/M013154/1).</funders><lastEdited>2022-07-08T11:05:47.8559990</lastEdited><Created>2021-06-05T17:28:57.4344588</Created><path><level id="1">Faculty of Science and Engineering</level><level id="2">School of Biosciences, Geography and Physics - Biosciences</level></path><authors><author><firstname>K.A.</firstname><surname>Marsden</surname><order>1</order></author><author><firstname>Lucy</firstname><surname>Lush</surname><orcid>0000-0002-6738-0090</orcid><order>2</order></author><author><firstname>J.A.</firstname><surname>Holmberg</surname><order>3</order></author><author><firstname>I.M.</firstname><surname>Harris</surname><order>4</order></author><author><firstname>M.J.</firstname><surname>Whelan</surname><order>5</order></author><author><firstname>S.</firstname><surname>Webb</surname><order>6</order></author><author><firstname>Andrew</firstname><surname>King</surname><orcid>0000-0002-6870-9767</orcid><order>7</order></author><author><firstname>Rory</firstname><surname>Wilson</surname><orcid>0000-0003-3177-0177</orcid><order>8</order></author><author><firstname>D.L.</firstname><surname>Jones</surname><order>9</order></author><author><firstname>A.F.</firstname><surname>Charteris</surname><order>10</order></author><author><firstname>L.M.</firstname><surname>Cardenas</surname><order>11</order></author><author><firstname>D.R.</firstname><surname>Chadwick</surname><order>12</order></author></authors><documents><document><filename>57034__20264__e7412009c3d740c8ba326d92ce74a453.pdf</filename><originalFilename>57034.pdf</originalFilename><uploaded>2021-06-25T14:49:44.4724430</uploaded><type>Output</type><contentLength>1311293</contentLength><contentType>application/pdf</contentType><version>Version of Record</version><cronfaStatus>true</cronfaStatus><documentNotes>&#xA9; 2021 The Authors. This is an open access article under the CC BY license</documentNotes><copyrightCorrect>true</copyrightCorrect><language>eng</language><licence>http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</licence></document></documents><OutputDurs/></rfc1807>
spelling 2022-07-08T11:05:47.8559990 v2 57034 2021-06-05 Quantifying the frequency and volume of urine deposition by grazing sheep using tri-axial accelerometers a6562662392253d7c107dca22d31823d 0000-0002-6738-0090 Lucy Lush Lucy Lush true false cc115b4bc4672840f960acc1cb078642 0000-0002-6870-9767 Andrew King Andrew King true false 017bc6dd155098860945dc6249c4e9bc 0000-0003-3177-0177 Rory Wilson Rory Wilson true false 2021-06-05 SBI Urine patches deposited in pasture by grazing animals are sites of reactive nitrogen (N) loss to the environment due to high concentrations of N exceeding pasture uptake requirements. In order to upscale N losses from the urine patch, several urination parameters are required, including where, when and how often urination events occur as well as the volume and chemical composition. There are limited data available in this respect, especially for sheep. Here, we seek to address this knowledge gap by using non-invasive sensor-based technology (accelerometers) on ewes grazing in situ, using a Boolean algorithm to detect urination events in the accelerometer signal. We conducted an initial study with penned Welsh Mountain ewes (n = 5), with accelerometers attached to the hind, to derive urine flow rate and to determine whether urine volume could be estimated from ewe squat time. Then accelerometers attached to the hind of Welsh Mountain ewes (n = 30 at each site) were used to investigate the frequency of sheep urination events (n = 35 946) whilst grazing two extensively managed upland pastures (semi-improved and unimproved) across two seasons (spring and autumn) at each site (35–40 days each). Sheep urinated at a frequency of 10.2 ± 0.2 and 8.1 ± 0.3 times per day in the spring and autumn, respectively, while grazing the semi-improved pasture. Urination frequency was greater (19.0 ± 0.4 and 15.3 ± 0.3 times per day in the spring and autumn, respectively) in the unimproved pasture. Ewe squat duration could be reliably used to predict the volume of urine deposited per event and was thus used to estimate mean daily urine production volumes. Sheep urinated at a rate of 16.6 mL/s and, across the entire dataset, sheep squatted for an average of 9.62 ± 0.03 s per squatting event, producing an estimated average individual urine event volume of 159 ± 1 mL (n = 35 946 events), ranging between 17 and 745 mL (for squat durations of 1 to 45 s). The estimated mean daily urine volume was 2.15 ± 0.04 L (n = 2 669 days) across the entire dataset. The data will be useful for modelling studies estimating N losses (e.g. ammonia (NH3) volatilisation, nitrous oxide (N2O) emission via nitrification and denitrification and nitrate (NO3−) leaching) from urine patches. Journal Article Animal 15 6 100234 Elsevier BV 1751-7311 Livestock; Nitrogen cycle; Pasture; Sensor; Urination 4 6 2021 2021-06-04 10.1016/j.animal.2021.100234 COLLEGE NANME Biosciences COLLEGE CODE SBI Swansea University This work was funded under the UK Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), grant award (NE/M015351/1, NE/M013847/1 and NE/M013154/1). 2022-07-08T11:05:47.8559990 2021-06-05T17:28:57.4344588 Faculty of Science and Engineering School of Biosciences, Geography and Physics - Biosciences K.A. Marsden 1 Lucy Lush 0000-0002-6738-0090 2 J.A. Holmberg 3 I.M. Harris 4 M.J. Whelan 5 S. Webb 6 Andrew King 0000-0002-6870-9767 7 Rory Wilson 0000-0003-3177-0177 8 D.L. Jones 9 A.F. Charteris 10 L.M. Cardenas 11 D.R. Chadwick 12 57034__20264__e7412009c3d740c8ba326d92ce74a453.pdf 57034.pdf 2021-06-25T14:49:44.4724430 Output 1311293 application/pdf Version of Record true © 2021 The Authors. This is an open access article under the CC BY license true eng http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
title Quantifying the frequency and volume of urine deposition by grazing sheep using tri-axial accelerometers
spellingShingle Quantifying the frequency and volume of urine deposition by grazing sheep using tri-axial accelerometers
Lucy Lush
Andrew King
Rory Wilson
title_short Quantifying the frequency and volume of urine deposition by grazing sheep using tri-axial accelerometers
title_full Quantifying the frequency and volume of urine deposition by grazing sheep using tri-axial accelerometers
title_fullStr Quantifying the frequency and volume of urine deposition by grazing sheep using tri-axial accelerometers
title_full_unstemmed Quantifying the frequency and volume of urine deposition by grazing sheep using tri-axial accelerometers
title_sort Quantifying the frequency and volume of urine deposition by grazing sheep using tri-axial accelerometers
author_id_str_mv a6562662392253d7c107dca22d31823d
cc115b4bc4672840f960acc1cb078642
017bc6dd155098860945dc6249c4e9bc
author_id_fullname_str_mv a6562662392253d7c107dca22d31823d_***_Lucy Lush
cc115b4bc4672840f960acc1cb078642_***_Andrew King
017bc6dd155098860945dc6249c4e9bc_***_Rory Wilson
author Lucy Lush
Andrew King
Rory Wilson
author2 K.A. Marsden
Lucy Lush
J.A. Holmberg
I.M. Harris
M.J. Whelan
S. Webb
Andrew King
Rory Wilson
D.L. Jones
A.F. Charteris
L.M. Cardenas
D.R. Chadwick
format Journal article
container_title Animal
container_volume 15
container_issue 6
container_start_page 100234
publishDate 2021
institution Swansea University
issn 1751-7311
doi_str_mv 10.1016/j.animal.2021.100234
publisher Elsevier BV
college_str Faculty of Science and Engineering
hierarchytype
hierarchy_top_id facultyofscienceandengineering
hierarchy_top_title Faculty of Science and Engineering
hierarchy_parent_id facultyofscienceandengineering
hierarchy_parent_title Faculty of Science and Engineering
department_str School of Biosciences, Geography and Physics - Biosciences{{{_:::_}}}Faculty of Science and Engineering{{{_:::_}}}School of Biosciences, Geography and Physics - Biosciences
document_store_str 1
active_str 0
description Urine patches deposited in pasture by grazing animals are sites of reactive nitrogen (N) loss to the environment due to high concentrations of N exceeding pasture uptake requirements. In order to upscale N losses from the urine patch, several urination parameters are required, including where, when and how often urination events occur as well as the volume and chemical composition. There are limited data available in this respect, especially for sheep. Here, we seek to address this knowledge gap by using non-invasive sensor-based technology (accelerometers) on ewes grazing in situ, using a Boolean algorithm to detect urination events in the accelerometer signal. We conducted an initial study with penned Welsh Mountain ewes (n = 5), with accelerometers attached to the hind, to derive urine flow rate and to determine whether urine volume could be estimated from ewe squat time. Then accelerometers attached to the hind of Welsh Mountain ewes (n = 30 at each site) were used to investigate the frequency of sheep urination events (n = 35 946) whilst grazing two extensively managed upland pastures (semi-improved and unimproved) across two seasons (spring and autumn) at each site (35–40 days each). Sheep urinated at a frequency of 10.2 ± 0.2 and 8.1 ± 0.3 times per day in the spring and autumn, respectively, while grazing the semi-improved pasture. Urination frequency was greater (19.0 ± 0.4 and 15.3 ± 0.3 times per day in the spring and autumn, respectively) in the unimproved pasture. Ewe squat duration could be reliably used to predict the volume of urine deposited per event and was thus used to estimate mean daily urine production volumes. Sheep urinated at a rate of 16.6 mL/s and, across the entire dataset, sheep squatted for an average of 9.62 ± 0.03 s per squatting event, producing an estimated average individual urine event volume of 159 ± 1 mL (n = 35 946 events), ranging between 17 and 745 mL (for squat durations of 1 to 45 s). The estimated mean daily urine volume was 2.15 ± 0.04 L (n = 2 669 days) across the entire dataset. The data will be useful for modelling studies estimating N losses (e.g. ammonia (NH3) volatilisation, nitrous oxide (N2O) emission via nitrification and denitrification and nitrate (NO3−) leaching) from urine patches.
published_date 2021-06-04T04:12:27Z
_version_ 1763753850554023936
score 11.017797

Similar Items