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Boreal forest soil carbon fluxes one year after a wildfire: Effects of burn severity and management

Julia Kelly, Theresa S. Ibáñez, Cristina Santin Nuno, Stefan Doerr Orcid Logo, Marie‐Charlotte Nilsson, Thomas Holst, Anders Lindroth, Natascha Kljun Orcid Logo

Global Change Biology, Volume: 27, Issue: 17, Pages: 4181 - 4195

Swansea University Authors: Cristina Santin Nuno, Stefan Doerr Orcid Logo, Natascha Kljun Orcid Logo

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DOI (Published version): 10.1111/gcb.15721

Abstract

The extreme 2018 hot drought that affected central and northern Europe led to the worst wildfire season in Sweden in over a century. The Ljusdal fire complex, the largest area burnt that year (8995 ha), offered a rare opportunity to quantify the combined impacts of wildfire and post-fire management...

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Published in: Global Change Biology
ISSN: 1354-1013 1365-2486
Published: Wiley 2021
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URI: https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa57161
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The Ljusdal fire complex, the largest area burnt that year (8995 ha), offered a rare opportunity to quantify the combined impacts of wildfire and post-fire management on Scandinavian boreal forests. We present chamber measurements of soil CO2 and CH4 fluxes, soil microclimate and nutrient content from five Pinus sylvestris sites for the first growing season after the fire. We analysed the effects of three factors on forest soils: burn severity, salvage-logging and stand age. None of these caused significant differences in soil CH4 uptake. Soil respiration, however, declined significantly after a high-severity fire (complete tree mortality) but not after a low-severity fire (no tree mortality), despite substantial losses of the organic layer. Tree root respiration is thus key in determining post-fire soil CO2 emissions and may benefit, along with heterotrophic respiration, from the nutrient pulse after a low-severity fire. Salvage-logging after a high-severity fire had no significant effects on soil carbon fluxes, microclimate or nutrient content compared with leaving the dead trees standing, although differences are expected to emerge in the long term. In contrast, the impact of stand age was substantial: a young burnt stand experienced more extreme microclimate, lower soil nutrient supply and significantly lower soil respiration than a mature burnt stand, due to a thinner organic layer and the decade-long effects of a previous clear-cut and soil scarification. Disturbance history and burn severity are, therefore, important factors for predicting changes in the boreal forest carbon sink after wildfires. 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spelling 2021-09-17T13:44:02.6382601 v2 57161 2021-06-17 Boreal forest soil carbon fluxes one year after a wildfire: Effects of burn severity and management 993c82cbaf875c1268156360e83c4dfd Cristina Santin Nuno Cristina Santin Nuno true false 575eb5094f2328249328b3e43deb5088 0000-0002-8700-9002 Stefan Doerr Stefan Doerr true false c96172d106206ba8c504317bb7887587 0000-0001-9650-2184 Natascha Kljun Natascha Kljun true false 2021-06-17 FGSEN The extreme 2018 hot drought that affected central and northern Europe led to the worst wildfire season in Sweden in over a century. The Ljusdal fire complex, the largest area burnt that year (8995 ha), offered a rare opportunity to quantify the combined impacts of wildfire and post-fire management on Scandinavian boreal forests. We present chamber measurements of soil CO2 and CH4 fluxes, soil microclimate and nutrient content from five Pinus sylvestris sites for the first growing season after the fire. We analysed the effects of three factors on forest soils: burn severity, salvage-logging and stand age. None of these caused significant differences in soil CH4 uptake. Soil respiration, however, declined significantly after a high-severity fire (complete tree mortality) but not after a low-severity fire (no tree mortality), despite substantial losses of the organic layer. Tree root respiration is thus key in determining post-fire soil CO2 emissions and may benefit, along with heterotrophic respiration, from the nutrient pulse after a low-severity fire. Salvage-logging after a high-severity fire had no significant effects on soil carbon fluxes, microclimate or nutrient content compared with leaving the dead trees standing, although differences are expected to emerge in the long term. In contrast, the impact of stand age was substantial: a young burnt stand experienced more extreme microclimate, lower soil nutrient supply and significantly lower soil respiration than a mature burnt stand, due to a thinner organic layer and the decade-long effects of a previous clear-cut and soil scarification. Disturbance history and burn severity are, therefore, important factors for predicting changes in the boreal forest carbon sink after wildfires. The presented short-term effects and ongoing monitoring will provide essential information for sustainable management strategies in response to the increasing risk of wildfire. Journal Article Global Change Biology 27 17 4181 4195 Wiley 1354-1013 1365-2486 2018 drought; boreal forest; carbon fluxes; climate change; compound disturbance; forest fire; forest floor; harvesting; salvage-logging 1 9 2021 2021-09-01 10.1111/gcb.15721 COLLEGE NANME Science and Engineering - Faculty COLLEGE CODE FGSEN Swansea University Swedish Strategic Research Area BECC, Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services in a Changing Climate. Grant Number: 2018 Crafoordska Stiftelsen. Grant Number: 20190763 Ramon y Cajal. Grant Number: RYC2018-025797-I Swedish Research Council Formas. Grant Numbers: 2018-02700, 2019-00836 2021-09-17T13:44:02.6382601 2021-06-17T10:24:10.3401369 Faculty of Science and Engineering School of Biosciences, Geography and Physics - Biosciences Julia Kelly 1 Theresa S. Ibáñez 2 Cristina Santin Nuno 3 Stefan Doerr 0000-0002-8700-9002 4 Marie‐Charlotte Nilsson 5 Thomas Holst 6 Anders Lindroth 7 Natascha Kljun 0000-0001-9650-2184 8 57161__20202__bdafdc547ac4464892c63ee67268b597.pdf 2021_Kelly_Fire_Sweden_carbonfluzes_GCB.pdf 2021-06-18T18:31:51.8252787 Output 1715558 application/pdf Version of Record true © 2021 The Authors. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs License true eng http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
title Boreal forest soil carbon fluxes one year after a wildfire: Effects of burn severity and management
spellingShingle Boreal forest soil carbon fluxes one year after a wildfire: Effects of burn severity and management
Cristina Santin Nuno
Stefan Doerr
Natascha Kljun
title_short Boreal forest soil carbon fluxes one year after a wildfire: Effects of burn severity and management
title_full Boreal forest soil carbon fluxes one year after a wildfire: Effects of burn severity and management
title_fullStr Boreal forest soil carbon fluxes one year after a wildfire: Effects of burn severity and management
title_full_unstemmed Boreal forest soil carbon fluxes one year after a wildfire: Effects of burn severity and management
title_sort Boreal forest soil carbon fluxes one year after a wildfire: Effects of burn severity and management
author_id_str_mv 993c82cbaf875c1268156360e83c4dfd
575eb5094f2328249328b3e43deb5088
c96172d106206ba8c504317bb7887587
author_id_fullname_str_mv 993c82cbaf875c1268156360e83c4dfd_***_Cristina Santin Nuno
575eb5094f2328249328b3e43deb5088_***_Stefan Doerr
c96172d106206ba8c504317bb7887587_***_Natascha Kljun
author Cristina Santin Nuno
Stefan Doerr
Natascha Kljun
author2 Julia Kelly
Theresa S. Ibáñez
Cristina Santin Nuno
Stefan Doerr
Marie‐Charlotte Nilsson
Thomas Holst
Anders Lindroth
Natascha Kljun
format Journal article
container_title Global Change Biology
container_volume 27
container_issue 17
container_start_page 4181
publishDate 2021
institution Swansea University
issn 1354-1013
1365-2486
doi_str_mv 10.1111/gcb.15721
publisher Wiley
college_str Faculty of Science and Engineering
hierarchytype
hierarchy_top_id facultyofscienceandengineering
hierarchy_top_title Faculty of Science and Engineering
hierarchy_parent_id facultyofscienceandengineering
hierarchy_parent_title Faculty of Science and Engineering
department_str School of Biosciences, Geography and Physics - Biosciences{{{_:::_}}}Faculty of Science and Engineering{{{_:::_}}}School of Biosciences, Geography and Physics - Biosciences
document_store_str 1
active_str 0
description The extreme 2018 hot drought that affected central and northern Europe led to the worst wildfire season in Sweden in over a century. The Ljusdal fire complex, the largest area burnt that year (8995 ha), offered a rare opportunity to quantify the combined impacts of wildfire and post-fire management on Scandinavian boreal forests. We present chamber measurements of soil CO2 and CH4 fluxes, soil microclimate and nutrient content from five Pinus sylvestris sites for the first growing season after the fire. We analysed the effects of three factors on forest soils: burn severity, salvage-logging and stand age. None of these caused significant differences in soil CH4 uptake. Soil respiration, however, declined significantly after a high-severity fire (complete tree mortality) but not after a low-severity fire (no tree mortality), despite substantial losses of the organic layer. Tree root respiration is thus key in determining post-fire soil CO2 emissions and may benefit, along with heterotrophic respiration, from the nutrient pulse after a low-severity fire. Salvage-logging after a high-severity fire had no significant effects on soil carbon fluxes, microclimate or nutrient content compared with leaving the dead trees standing, although differences are expected to emerge in the long term. In contrast, the impact of stand age was substantial: a young burnt stand experienced more extreme microclimate, lower soil nutrient supply and significantly lower soil respiration than a mature burnt stand, due to a thinner organic layer and the decade-long effects of a previous clear-cut and soil scarification. Disturbance history and burn severity are, therefore, important factors for predicting changes in the boreal forest carbon sink after wildfires. The presented short-term effects and ongoing monitoring will provide essential information for sustainable management strategies in response to the increasing risk of wildfire.
published_date 2021-09-01T04:12:41Z
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score 11.012678

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