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Digit ratio (2D:4D) and body mass index in the BBC Internet Study: prenatal sex steroids and a Trivers–Willard effect on body composition

John Manning, B. Fink Orcid Logo, Laura Mason Orcid Logo, R. Trivers

Journal of Biosocial Science, Volume: 54, Issue: 5, Pages: 902 - 911

Swansea University Authors: John Manning, Laura Mason Orcid Logo

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DOI (Published version): 10.1017/s0021932021000390

Abstract

Digit ratio – a putative measure of prenatal sex steroids – may be related to body mass index (BMI). However, reports of correlations between 2D:4D and BMI have yielded mixed results with some studies showing no relationship while others have reported positive associations in men or women only. This...

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Published in: Journal of Biosocial Science
ISSN: 0021-9320 1469-7599
Published: Cambridge University Press (CUP) 2022
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URI: https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa57551
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first_indexed 2021-08-06T10:43:07Z
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spelling 2022-10-18T15:18:18.9348394 v2 57551 2021-08-06 Digit ratio (2D:4D) and body mass index in the BBC Internet Study: prenatal sex steroids and a Trivers–Willard effect on body composition d106a326bbb29a053d2b8c7f8ad9a3f8 John Manning John Manning true false ef88a9ba99af7706e3e80e418f482e0a 0000-0002-9679-7063 Laura Mason Laura Mason true false 2021-08-06 FGSEN Digit ratio – a putative measure of prenatal sex steroids – may be related to body mass index (BMI). However, reports of correlations between 2D:4D and BMI have yielded mixed results with some studies showing no relationship while others have reported positive associations in men or women only. This study considers associations between self-reported 2D:4D and BMI in a large online survey (i.e. the BBC Internet Study). At the individual level, there was a weak positive association between 2D:4D and BMI in both sexes with greater effect sizes in women. Body mass index was positively related to age and negatively related to parental income; however, the relationship between 2D:4D and BMI was independent of both variables. At the national level, mean 2D:4D per country showed positive associations with mean national BMI but those correlations were restricted to females. It is concluded that BMI is positively related to low prenatal testosterone and high prenatal oestrogen. Parental income inequality may influence both prenatal sex steroids (through a ‘Trivers–Willard’ effect) and BMI such that increases in inequality result in reductions in prenatal testosterone and increases in BMI at the individual and national level. Journal Article Journal of Biosocial Science 54 5 902 911 Cambridge University Press (CUP) 0021-9320 1469-7599 Digit ratio; Body mass index; Obesity 1 9 2022 2022-09-01 10.1017/s0021932021000390 COLLEGE NANME Science and Engineering - Faculty COLLEGE CODE FGSEN Swansea University This research received no specific grant from any funding agency, commercial entity, or not-for-profit organization. 2022-10-18T15:18:18.9348394 2021-08-06T11:40:54.6305953 Faculty of Science and Engineering School of Aerospace, Civil, Electrical, General and Mechanical Engineering - Sport and Exercise Sciences John Manning 1 B. Fink 0000-0003-2739-5236 2 Laura Mason 0000-0002-9679-7063 3 R. Trivers 4 57551__22611__d6fe915ea9204f5d8ad4623e81ffa2ec.pdf 57551.pdf 2022-03-16T11:04:22.0167679 Output 405712 application/pdf Version of Record true © The Author(s), 2021. This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution licence true eng https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
title Digit ratio (2D:4D) and body mass index in the BBC Internet Study: prenatal sex steroids and a Trivers–Willard effect on body composition
spellingShingle Digit ratio (2D:4D) and body mass index in the BBC Internet Study: prenatal sex steroids and a Trivers–Willard effect on body composition
John Manning
Laura Mason
title_short Digit ratio (2D:4D) and body mass index in the BBC Internet Study: prenatal sex steroids and a Trivers–Willard effect on body composition
title_full Digit ratio (2D:4D) and body mass index in the BBC Internet Study: prenatal sex steroids and a Trivers–Willard effect on body composition
title_fullStr Digit ratio (2D:4D) and body mass index in the BBC Internet Study: prenatal sex steroids and a Trivers–Willard effect on body composition
title_full_unstemmed Digit ratio (2D:4D) and body mass index in the BBC Internet Study: prenatal sex steroids and a Trivers–Willard effect on body composition
title_sort Digit ratio (2D:4D) and body mass index in the BBC Internet Study: prenatal sex steroids and a Trivers–Willard effect on body composition
author_id_str_mv d106a326bbb29a053d2b8c7f8ad9a3f8
ef88a9ba99af7706e3e80e418f482e0a
author_id_fullname_str_mv d106a326bbb29a053d2b8c7f8ad9a3f8_***_John Manning
ef88a9ba99af7706e3e80e418f482e0a_***_Laura Mason
author John Manning
Laura Mason
author2 John Manning
B. Fink
Laura Mason
R. Trivers
format Journal article
container_title Journal of Biosocial Science
container_volume 54
container_issue 5
container_start_page 902
publishDate 2022
institution Swansea University
issn 0021-9320
1469-7599
doi_str_mv 10.1017/s0021932021000390
publisher Cambridge University Press (CUP)
college_str Faculty of Science and Engineering
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hierarchy_top_id facultyofscienceandengineering
hierarchy_top_title Faculty of Science and Engineering
hierarchy_parent_id facultyofscienceandengineering
hierarchy_parent_title Faculty of Science and Engineering
department_str School of Aerospace, Civil, Electrical, General and Mechanical Engineering - Sport and Exercise Sciences{{{_:::_}}}Faculty of Science and Engineering{{{_:::_}}}School of Aerospace, Civil, Electrical, General and Mechanical Engineering - Sport and Exercise Sciences
document_store_str 1
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description Digit ratio – a putative measure of prenatal sex steroids – may be related to body mass index (BMI). However, reports of correlations between 2D:4D and BMI have yielded mixed results with some studies showing no relationship while others have reported positive associations in men or women only. This study considers associations between self-reported 2D:4D and BMI in a large online survey (i.e. the BBC Internet Study). At the individual level, there was a weak positive association between 2D:4D and BMI in both sexes with greater effect sizes in women. Body mass index was positively related to age and negatively related to parental income; however, the relationship between 2D:4D and BMI was independent of both variables. At the national level, mean 2D:4D per country showed positive associations with mean national BMI but those correlations were restricted to females. It is concluded that BMI is positively related to low prenatal testosterone and high prenatal oestrogen. Parental income inequality may influence both prenatal sex steroids (through a ‘Trivers–Willard’ effect) and BMI such that increases in inequality result in reductions in prenatal testosterone and increases in BMI at the individual and national level.
published_date 2022-09-01T04:13:23Z
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