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Selective effects of small barriers on river‐resident fish

Peter E. Jones, Toby Champneys, Jessica Vevers, Luca Borger Orcid Logo, Jon C. Svendsen, Sofia Consuegra del Olmo Orcid Logo, Josh Jones Orcid Logo, Carlos Garcia De Leaniz Orcid Logo

Journal of Applied Ecology, Volume: 58, Issue: 7, Pages: 1487 - 1498

Swansea University Authors: Toby Champneys, Jessica Vevers, Luca Borger Orcid Logo, Sofia Consuegra del Olmo Orcid Logo, Josh Jones Orcid Logo, Carlos Garcia De Leaniz Orcid Logo

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DOI (Published version): 10.1111/1365-2664.13875

Abstract

Habitat fragmentation is a principal threat to biodiversity and artificial river barriers are a leading cause of the global decline in freshwater biota. Although the impact of barriers on diadromous fish is well established, impacts on river-resident fish communities remain unclear, especially for l...

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Published in: Journal of Applied Ecology
ISSN: 0021-8901 1365-2664
Published: Wiley 2021
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Although the impact of barriers on diadromous fish is well established, impacts on river-resident fish communities remain unclear, especially for low-head barriers.We examined the movement of five contrasting freshwater fish (topmouth gudgeon, European minnow, stone loach, bullhead and brown trout) in an experimental cascade mesocosm with seven pools separated by small vertical barriers.Passage rates differed significantly among species and increased with body size and sustained swimming speed (Usus), ranging from an average of 0.2 passes/hr in topmouth gudgeon to 3.4 passes/hr in brown trout. A random-walk simulation indicated that barriers can result in net downstream movement and shifts in community composition.Passage rates in brown trout were leptokurtic, that is, most individuals were relatively sedentary while a small proportion showed frequent movements. Upstream passage rates of brown trout increased with body length and boldness while fish with lower aerobic scope tended to move downstream. Passage rates showed significant individual repeatability in brown trout, independent of body size, indicating the potential for in-stream barriers to exert selective effects on fish populations.Our results show that barrier effects can be more complex than simply blocking fish passage, and that river-resident fish can be impacted even by very small barriers. We show that fish passage depends on a wide range of morphological, physiological and behavioural drivers, and that barriers can exert selective effects on these traits and cause shifts in community composition.Policy implications. Barrier mitigation measures need to embrace interspecific and intraspecific variation in fish passage to avoid inadvertent artificial selection on fish communities. Given the high abundance of low-head structures in river systems worldwide, a paradigm shift is needed to recognise the subtle impacts of small barriers on freshwater biodiversity. 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spelling 2021-10-08T11:12:40.6738746 v2 57808 2021-09-07 Selective effects of small barriers on river‐resident fish f92c0833a00513eb43fbd10f007f715d Toby Champneys Toby Champneys true false 1fe6f3efd6978705430740841f871ebe Jessica Vevers Jessica Vevers true false 8416d0ffc3cccdad6e6d67a455e7c4a2 0000-0001-8763-5997 Luca Borger Luca Borger true false 241f2810ab8f56be53ca8af23e384c6e 0000-0003-4403-2509 Sofia Consuegra del Olmo Sofia Consuegra del Olmo true false ba449bb58016ff34c4c18abadabb40c6 0000-0001-9047-9147 Josh Jones Josh Jones true false 1c70acd0fd64edb0856b7cf34393ab02 0000-0003-1650-2729 Carlos Garcia De Leaniz Carlos Garcia De Leaniz true false 2021-09-07 SBI Habitat fragmentation is a principal threat to biodiversity and artificial river barriers are a leading cause of the global decline in freshwater biota. Although the impact of barriers on diadromous fish is well established, impacts on river-resident fish communities remain unclear, especially for low-head barriers.We examined the movement of five contrasting freshwater fish (topmouth gudgeon, European minnow, stone loach, bullhead and brown trout) in an experimental cascade mesocosm with seven pools separated by small vertical barriers.Passage rates differed significantly among species and increased with body size and sustained swimming speed (Usus), ranging from an average of 0.2 passes/hr in topmouth gudgeon to 3.4 passes/hr in brown trout. A random-walk simulation indicated that barriers can result in net downstream movement and shifts in community composition.Passage rates in brown trout were leptokurtic, that is, most individuals were relatively sedentary while a small proportion showed frequent movements. Upstream passage rates of brown trout increased with body length and boldness while fish with lower aerobic scope tended to move downstream. Passage rates showed significant individual repeatability in brown trout, independent of body size, indicating the potential for in-stream barriers to exert selective effects on fish populations.Our results show that barrier effects can be more complex than simply blocking fish passage, and that river-resident fish can be impacted even by very small barriers. We show that fish passage depends on a wide range of morphological, physiological and behavioural drivers, and that barriers can exert selective effects on these traits and cause shifts in community composition.Policy implications. Barrier mitigation measures need to embrace interspecific and intraspecific variation in fish passage to avoid inadvertent artificial selection on fish communities. Given the high abundance of low-head structures in river systems worldwide, a paradigm shift is needed to recognise the subtle impacts of small barriers on freshwater biodiversity. Removal of small barriers or nature-like fishways should allow better passage of the wider fish community compared to widely used salmonid-centric fish passage options. Journal Article Journal of Applied Ecology 58 7 1487 1498 Wiley 0021-8901 1365-2664 barrier passage; fish pass; functional trait; potamodromous; repeatability; river connectivity; selective effects; stream fragmentation 3 7 2021 2021-07-03 10.1111/1365-2664.13875 COLLEGE NANME Biosciences COLLEGE CODE SBI Swansea University AMBER project, Horizon 2020 Framework Programme Grant/Award Number: 689682 2021-10-08T11:12:40.6738746 2021-09-07T17:33:17.6731490 Faculty of Science and Engineering School of Biosciences, Geography and Physics - Biosciences Peter E. Jones 1 Toby Champneys 2 Jessica Vevers 3 Luca Borger 0000-0001-8763-5997 4 Jon C. Svendsen 5 Sofia Consuegra del Olmo 0000-0003-4403-2509 6 Josh Jones 0000-0001-9047-9147 7 Carlos Garcia De Leaniz 0000-0003-1650-2729 8 57808__21116__6967e6b54953421fb09649fe6a298b65.pdf 57808.pdf 2021-10-08T11:07:46.2370068 Output 1115850 application/pdf Version of Record true © 2021 The Authors. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License true eng http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
title Selective effects of small barriers on river‐resident fish
spellingShingle Selective effects of small barriers on river‐resident fish
Toby Champneys
Jessica Vevers
Luca Borger
Sofia Consuegra del Olmo
Josh Jones
Carlos Garcia De Leaniz
title_short Selective effects of small barriers on river‐resident fish
title_full Selective effects of small barriers on river‐resident fish
title_fullStr Selective effects of small barriers on river‐resident fish
title_full_unstemmed Selective effects of small barriers on river‐resident fish
title_sort Selective effects of small barriers on river‐resident fish
author_id_str_mv f92c0833a00513eb43fbd10f007f715d
1fe6f3efd6978705430740841f871ebe
8416d0ffc3cccdad6e6d67a455e7c4a2
241f2810ab8f56be53ca8af23e384c6e
ba449bb58016ff34c4c18abadabb40c6
1c70acd0fd64edb0856b7cf34393ab02
author_id_fullname_str_mv f92c0833a00513eb43fbd10f007f715d_***_Toby Champneys
1fe6f3efd6978705430740841f871ebe_***_Jessica Vevers
8416d0ffc3cccdad6e6d67a455e7c4a2_***_Luca Borger
241f2810ab8f56be53ca8af23e384c6e_***_Sofia Consuegra del Olmo
ba449bb58016ff34c4c18abadabb40c6_***_Josh Jones
1c70acd0fd64edb0856b7cf34393ab02_***_Carlos Garcia De Leaniz
author Toby Champneys
Jessica Vevers
Luca Borger
Sofia Consuegra del Olmo
Josh Jones
Carlos Garcia De Leaniz
author2 Peter E. Jones
Toby Champneys
Jessica Vevers
Luca Borger
Jon C. Svendsen
Sofia Consuegra del Olmo
Josh Jones
Carlos Garcia De Leaniz
format Journal article
container_title Journal of Applied Ecology
container_volume 58
container_issue 7
container_start_page 1487
publishDate 2021
institution Swansea University
issn 0021-8901
1365-2664
doi_str_mv 10.1111/1365-2664.13875
publisher Wiley
college_str Faculty of Science and Engineering
hierarchytype
hierarchy_top_id facultyofscienceandengineering
hierarchy_top_title Faculty of Science and Engineering
hierarchy_parent_id facultyofscienceandengineering
hierarchy_parent_title Faculty of Science and Engineering
department_str School of Biosciences, Geography and Physics - Biosciences{{{_:::_}}}Faculty of Science and Engineering{{{_:::_}}}School of Biosciences, Geography and Physics - Biosciences
document_store_str 1
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description Habitat fragmentation is a principal threat to biodiversity and artificial river barriers are a leading cause of the global decline in freshwater biota. Although the impact of barriers on diadromous fish is well established, impacts on river-resident fish communities remain unclear, especially for low-head barriers.We examined the movement of five contrasting freshwater fish (topmouth gudgeon, European minnow, stone loach, bullhead and brown trout) in an experimental cascade mesocosm with seven pools separated by small vertical barriers.Passage rates differed significantly among species and increased with body size and sustained swimming speed (Usus), ranging from an average of 0.2 passes/hr in topmouth gudgeon to 3.4 passes/hr in brown trout. A random-walk simulation indicated that barriers can result in net downstream movement and shifts in community composition.Passage rates in brown trout were leptokurtic, that is, most individuals were relatively sedentary while a small proportion showed frequent movements. Upstream passage rates of brown trout increased with body length and boldness while fish with lower aerobic scope tended to move downstream. Passage rates showed significant individual repeatability in brown trout, independent of body size, indicating the potential for in-stream barriers to exert selective effects on fish populations.Our results show that barrier effects can be more complex than simply blocking fish passage, and that river-resident fish can be impacted even by very small barriers. We show that fish passage depends on a wide range of morphological, physiological and behavioural drivers, and that barriers can exert selective effects on these traits and cause shifts in community composition.Policy implications. Barrier mitigation measures need to embrace interspecific and intraspecific variation in fish passage to avoid inadvertent artificial selection on fish communities. Given the high abundance of low-head structures in river systems worldwide, a paradigm shift is needed to recognise the subtle impacts of small barriers on freshwater biodiversity. Removal of small barriers or nature-like fishways should allow better passage of the wider fish community compared to widely used salmonid-centric fish passage options.
published_date 2021-07-03T04:13:49Z
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