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Effect of Process Parameters and Build Orientation on Microstructure and Impact Energy of Electron Beam Powder Bed Fused Ti-6Al-4V
Materials, Volume: 14, Issue: 18, Start page: 5376
Swansea University Authors: Spencer Jeffs , Robert Lancaster , William Hole, Brenna Roberts
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DOI (Published version): 10.3390/ma14185376
Abstract
To fully exploit the benefits of additive manufacturing (AM), an understanding of its processing, microstructural, and mechanical aspects, and their interdependent characteristics, is necessary. In certain instances, AM materials may be desired for applications where impact toughness is a key proper...
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ISSN: | 1996-1944 |
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2021
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In certain instances, AM materials may be desired for applications where impact toughness is a key property, such as in gas turbine fan blades, where foreign or direct object damage may occur. In this research, the impact energy of a series of Ti-6Al-4V specimens produced via electron beam powder bed fusion (EBPBF) was established via Charpy impact testing. Specimens were produced with five different processing parameter sets, in both the vertical and horizontal build orientation, with microstructural characteristics of prior β grain area, prior β grain width, and α lath width determined in the build direction. The results reveal that horizontally oriented specimens have a lower impact energy compared to those built in the vertical orientation, due to the influence of epitaxial grain growth in the build direction. Relationships between process parameters, microstructural characteristics, and impact energy results were evaluated, with beam velocity displaying the strongest trend in terms of impact energy results, and normalised energy density exhibiting the most significant influence across all microstructural measurements</abstract><type>Journal Article</type><journal>Materials</journal><volume>14</volume><journalNumber>18</journalNumber><paginationStart>5376</paginationStart><paginationEnd/><publisher>MDPI AG</publisher><placeOfPublication/><isbnPrint/><isbnElectronic/><issnPrint/><issnElectronic>1996-1944</issnElectronic><keywords>additive manufacturing; electron beam powder bed fusion; impact testing</keywords><publishedDay>17</publishedDay><publishedMonth>9</publishedMonth><publishedYear>2021</publishedYear><publishedDate>2021-09-17</publishedDate><doi>10.3390/ma14185376</doi><url/><notes>Special Issue: Mechanical Performance and Structural Integrity of Additive Manufactured Materials</notes><college>COLLEGE NANME</college><department>Aerospace Engineering</department><CollegeCode>COLLEGE CODE</CollegeCode><DepartmentCode>AERO</DepartmentCode><institution>Swansea University</institution><apcterm>External research funder(s) paid the OA fee (includes OA grants disbursed by the Library)</apcterm><funders>UKRI, EP/H022309/1; EP/H500383/1</funders><projectreference>EP/H022309/1; EP/H500383/1</projectreference><lastEdited>2022-07-05T16:12:55.9090869</lastEdited><Created>2021-09-16T10:15:24.5793767</Created><path><level id="1">Faculty of Science and Engineering</level><level id="2">School of Engineering and Applied Sciences - Uncategorised</level></path><authors><author><firstname>Spencer</firstname><surname>Jeffs</surname><orcid>0000-0002-2819-9651</orcid><order>1</order></author><author><firstname>Robert</firstname><surname>Lancaster</surname><orcid>0000-0002-1365-6944</orcid><order>2</order></author><author><firstname>Gareth</firstname><surname>Davies</surname><order>3</order></author><author><firstname>William</firstname><surname>Hole</surname><order>4</order></author><author><firstname>Brenna</firstname><surname>Roberts</surname><order>5</order></author><author><firstname>David</firstname><surname>Stapleton</surname><order>6</order></author><author><firstname>Meurig</firstname><surname>Thomas</surname><order>7</order></author><author><firstname>Iain</firstname><surname>Todd</surname><order>8</order></author><author><firstname>Gavin</firstname><surname>Baxter</surname><order>9</order></author></authors><documents><document><filename>57908__21014__37dfcf0e5fed4faa84a96a3d452dcf72.pdf</filename><originalFilename>57908.VOR.materials-14-05376-1.pdf</originalFilename><uploaded>2021-09-27T12:49:55.9358895</uploaded><type>Output</type><contentLength>3698709</contentLength><contentType>application/pdf</contentType><version>Version of Record</version><cronfaStatus>true</cronfaStatus><documentNotes>Copyright: © 2021 by the authors.
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2022-07-05T16:12:55.9090869 v2 57908 2021-09-16 Effect of Process Parameters and Build Orientation on Microstructure and Impact Energy of Electron Beam Powder Bed Fused Ti-6Al-4V 6ff76d567df079d8bf299990849c3d8f 0000-0002-2819-9651 Spencer Jeffs Spencer Jeffs true false e1a1b126acd3e4ff734691ec34967f29 0000-0002-1365-6944 Robert Lancaster Robert Lancaster true false 325895f64d6e4c6f0f8dd81a16e8be56 William Hole William Hole true false b29eab08f0f2d9a309c47c6cf6b62f3a Brenna Roberts Brenna Roberts true false 2021-09-16 AERO To fully exploit the benefits of additive manufacturing (AM), an understanding of its processing, microstructural, and mechanical aspects, and their interdependent characteristics, is necessary. In certain instances, AM materials may be desired for applications where impact toughness is a key property, such as in gas turbine fan blades, where foreign or direct object damage may occur. In this research, the impact energy of a series of Ti-6Al-4V specimens produced via electron beam powder bed fusion (EBPBF) was established via Charpy impact testing. Specimens were produced with five different processing parameter sets, in both the vertical and horizontal build orientation, with microstructural characteristics of prior β grain area, prior β grain width, and α lath width determined in the build direction. The results reveal that horizontally oriented specimens have a lower impact energy compared to those built in the vertical orientation, due to the influence of epitaxial grain growth in the build direction. Relationships between process parameters, microstructural characteristics, and impact energy results were evaluated, with beam velocity displaying the strongest trend in terms of impact energy results, and normalised energy density exhibiting the most significant influence across all microstructural measurements Journal Article Materials 14 18 5376 MDPI AG 1996-1944 additive manufacturing; electron beam powder bed fusion; impact testing 17 9 2021 2021-09-17 10.3390/ma14185376 Special Issue: Mechanical Performance and Structural Integrity of Additive Manufactured Materials COLLEGE NANME Aerospace Engineering COLLEGE CODE AERO Swansea University External research funder(s) paid the OA fee (includes OA grants disbursed by the Library) UKRI, EP/H022309/1; EP/H500383/1 EP/H022309/1; EP/H500383/1 2022-07-05T16:12:55.9090869 2021-09-16T10:15:24.5793767 Faculty of Science and Engineering School of Engineering and Applied Sciences - Uncategorised Spencer Jeffs 0000-0002-2819-9651 1 Robert Lancaster 0000-0002-1365-6944 2 Gareth Davies 3 William Hole 4 Brenna Roberts 5 David Stapleton 6 Meurig Thomas 7 Iain Todd 8 Gavin Baxter 9 57908__21014__37dfcf0e5fed4faa84a96a3d452dcf72.pdf 57908.VOR.materials-14-05376-1.pdf 2021-09-27T12:49:55.9358895 Output 3698709 application/pdf Version of Record true Copyright: © 2021 by the authors. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license. true eng https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ |
title |
Effect of Process Parameters and Build Orientation on Microstructure and Impact Energy of Electron Beam Powder Bed Fused Ti-6Al-4V |
spellingShingle |
Effect of Process Parameters and Build Orientation on Microstructure and Impact Energy of Electron Beam Powder Bed Fused Ti-6Al-4V Spencer Jeffs Robert Lancaster William Hole Brenna Roberts |
title_short |
Effect of Process Parameters and Build Orientation on Microstructure and Impact Energy of Electron Beam Powder Bed Fused Ti-6Al-4V |
title_full |
Effect of Process Parameters and Build Orientation on Microstructure and Impact Energy of Electron Beam Powder Bed Fused Ti-6Al-4V |
title_fullStr |
Effect of Process Parameters and Build Orientation on Microstructure and Impact Energy of Electron Beam Powder Bed Fused Ti-6Al-4V |
title_full_unstemmed |
Effect of Process Parameters and Build Orientation on Microstructure and Impact Energy of Electron Beam Powder Bed Fused Ti-6Al-4V |
title_sort |
Effect of Process Parameters and Build Orientation on Microstructure and Impact Energy of Electron Beam Powder Bed Fused Ti-6Al-4V |
author_id_str_mv |
6ff76d567df079d8bf299990849c3d8f e1a1b126acd3e4ff734691ec34967f29 325895f64d6e4c6f0f8dd81a16e8be56 b29eab08f0f2d9a309c47c6cf6b62f3a |
author_id_fullname_str_mv |
6ff76d567df079d8bf299990849c3d8f_***_Spencer Jeffs e1a1b126acd3e4ff734691ec34967f29_***_Robert Lancaster 325895f64d6e4c6f0f8dd81a16e8be56_***_William Hole b29eab08f0f2d9a309c47c6cf6b62f3a_***_Brenna Roberts |
author |
Spencer Jeffs Robert Lancaster William Hole Brenna Roberts |
author2 |
Spencer Jeffs Robert Lancaster Gareth Davies William Hole Brenna Roberts David Stapleton Meurig Thomas Iain Todd Gavin Baxter |
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Materials |
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14 |
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5376 |
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2021 |
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Swansea University |
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1996-1944 |
doi_str_mv |
10.3390/ma14185376 |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
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Faculty of Science and Engineering |
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Faculty of Science and Engineering |
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School of Engineering and Applied Sciences - Uncategorised{{{_:::_}}}Faculty of Science and Engineering{{{_:::_}}}School of Engineering and Applied Sciences - Uncategorised |
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description |
To fully exploit the benefits of additive manufacturing (AM), an understanding of its processing, microstructural, and mechanical aspects, and their interdependent characteristics, is necessary. In certain instances, AM materials may be desired for applications where impact toughness is a key property, such as in gas turbine fan blades, where foreign or direct object damage may occur. In this research, the impact energy of a series of Ti-6Al-4V specimens produced via electron beam powder bed fusion (EBPBF) was established via Charpy impact testing. Specimens were produced with five different processing parameter sets, in both the vertical and horizontal build orientation, with microstructural characteristics of prior β grain area, prior β grain width, and α lath width determined in the build direction. The results reveal that horizontally oriented specimens have a lower impact energy compared to those built in the vertical orientation, due to the influence of epitaxial grain growth in the build direction. Relationships between process parameters, microstructural characteristics, and impact energy results were evaluated, with beam velocity displaying the strongest trend in terms of impact energy results, and normalised energy density exhibiting the most significant influence across all microstructural measurements |
published_date |
2021-09-17T04:13:59Z |
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1763753947168768000 |
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11.029283 |