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Over Time and Beyond Disney—Visualizing Princesses through a Comparative Study in India, Fiji, and Sweden

Charu Uppal

Social Sciences, Volume: 8, Issue: 4, Start page: 105

Swansea University Author: Charu Uppal

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DOI (Published version): 10.3390/socsci8040105

Abstract

Disney animated princesses are broadcasted around the world through Disney Channel and its global affiliates as well as through numerous other networks that purchase distribution rights. In an attempt to provide diversity in the last 25 years, Disney has featured nonwestern princesses such as those...

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Published in: Social Sciences
ISSN: 2076-0760
Published: MDPI AG 2019
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URI: https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa58146
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This study examines how princesses in animated Disney movies are perceived and understood by girls (8&#x2013;15 years) in three different countries, over two time-periods with a gap of nearly a decade (2009 and 2018). The primary research question, considering Disney&#x2019;s global reach, is how race, culture, and presence of a royal family interact with transnational access to the same media content in the perception of the princess concept and about being a girl. The selected countries provide an opportunity to explore differences in perception of Disney princesses between girls raised in countries with and without a royal family, and between girls in nonwestern and western countries. Differences in the perception are attributed to local and national cultures that allow a different lens to view the same content. A mixed method combining interviews, focus groups, and participant-generated images was used to gather data in India, Fiji, and Sweden. Results indicate Disney princesses, with their ubiquitous presence in various formats, e.g., media content, costumes and school stationery, have created a uniform idea of beauty across countries. Princesses in Disney were perceived by participants as being Caucasian and American, regardless of the race or country they represented. Girls in India and Fiji did not identify with Jasmine or Mulan, whom they considered &#x2018;American&#x2019;, whereas girls in Sweden considered Jasmine and Mulan as princesses of nonwestern origin. Girls in India and Fiji did not think they could be princesses because of their skin color, and did not want to lead a life &#x2018;restricted with responsibilities&#x2019;, but girls in Sweden considered the same question from the place of a choice, i.e., they preferred not to lead a &#x2018;boring&#x2019; and regulated life like that of a princess. Participants from Fiji, with the least access to domestic programming that showed girls of their same Fijian origin, were least likely to consider themselves capable of being a princess. 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spelling 2021-10-25T15:13:05.5738746 v2 58146 2021-09-29 Over Time and Beyond Disney—Visualizing Princesses through a Comparative Study in India, Fiji, and Sweden 6c13edc929cf7fc4ec47f4a4257c1b36 Charu Uppal Charu Uppal true false 2021-09-29 AMED Disney animated princesses are broadcasted around the world through Disney Channel and its global affiliates as well as through numerous other networks that purchase distribution rights. In an attempt to provide diversity in the last 25 years, Disney has featured nonwestern princesses such as those in Aladdin (1992), Pocahontas (1995), Mulan (1998), and Moana (2016). This study examines how princesses in animated Disney movies are perceived and understood by girls (8–15 years) in three different countries, over two time-periods with a gap of nearly a decade (2009 and 2018). The primary research question, considering Disney’s global reach, is how race, culture, and presence of a royal family interact with transnational access to the same media content in the perception of the princess concept and about being a girl. The selected countries provide an opportunity to explore differences in perception of Disney princesses between girls raised in countries with and without a royal family, and between girls in nonwestern and western countries. Differences in the perception are attributed to local and national cultures that allow a different lens to view the same content. A mixed method combining interviews, focus groups, and participant-generated images was used to gather data in India, Fiji, and Sweden. Results indicate Disney princesses, with their ubiquitous presence in various formats, e.g., media content, costumes and school stationery, have created a uniform idea of beauty across countries. Princesses in Disney were perceived by participants as being Caucasian and American, regardless of the race or country they represented. Girls in India and Fiji did not identify with Jasmine or Mulan, whom they considered ‘American’, whereas girls in Sweden considered Jasmine and Mulan as princesses of nonwestern origin. Girls in India and Fiji did not think they could be princesses because of their skin color, and did not want to lead a life ‘restricted with responsibilities’, but girls in Sweden considered the same question from the place of a choice, i.e., they preferred not to lead a ‘boring’ and regulated life like that of a princess. Participants from Fiji, with the least access to domestic programming that showed girls of their same Fijian origin, were least likely to consider themselves capable of being a princess. View Full-Text Journal Article Social Sciences 8 4 105 MDPI AG 2076-0760 Keywords: Disney; girls; beauty; transnational media; princess 31 3 2019 2019-03-31 10.3390/socsci8040105 COLLEGE NANME Media COLLEGE CODE AMED Swansea University The first part of this study conducted in 2009 was funded by Internationales Zentralinstitut Fur Das (IZI) Jugend-Und Bildungsfernserhen, Munchen, Germany 2021-10-25T15:13:05.5738746 2021-09-29T14:13:15.3543146 Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences School of Culture and Communication - Media, Communications, Journalism and PR Charu Uppal 1 58146__21291__1cedfb6176974339bb504121e0ac423e.pdf 58146.pdf 2021-10-25T15:11:44.2147323 Output 6858354 application/pdf Version of Record true © 2019 by the author. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license true eng http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
title Over Time and Beyond Disney—Visualizing Princesses through a Comparative Study in India, Fiji, and Sweden
spellingShingle Over Time and Beyond Disney—Visualizing Princesses through a Comparative Study in India, Fiji, and Sweden
Charu Uppal
title_short Over Time and Beyond Disney—Visualizing Princesses through a Comparative Study in India, Fiji, and Sweden
title_full Over Time and Beyond Disney—Visualizing Princesses through a Comparative Study in India, Fiji, and Sweden
title_fullStr Over Time and Beyond Disney—Visualizing Princesses through a Comparative Study in India, Fiji, and Sweden
title_full_unstemmed Over Time and Beyond Disney—Visualizing Princesses through a Comparative Study in India, Fiji, and Sweden
title_sort Over Time and Beyond Disney—Visualizing Princesses through a Comparative Study in India, Fiji, and Sweden
author_id_str_mv 6c13edc929cf7fc4ec47f4a4257c1b36
author_id_fullname_str_mv 6c13edc929cf7fc4ec47f4a4257c1b36_***_Charu Uppal
author Charu Uppal
author2 Charu Uppal
format Journal article
container_title Social Sciences
container_volume 8
container_issue 4
container_start_page 105
publishDate 2019
institution Swansea University
issn 2076-0760
doi_str_mv 10.3390/socsci8040105
publisher MDPI AG
college_str Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences
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hierarchy_top_id facultyofhumanitiesandsocialsciences
hierarchy_top_title Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences
hierarchy_parent_id facultyofhumanitiesandsocialsciences
hierarchy_parent_title Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences
department_str School of Culture and Communication - Media, Communications, Journalism and PR{{{_:::_}}}Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences{{{_:::_}}}School of Culture and Communication - Media, Communications, Journalism and PR
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description Disney animated princesses are broadcasted around the world through Disney Channel and its global affiliates as well as through numerous other networks that purchase distribution rights. In an attempt to provide diversity in the last 25 years, Disney has featured nonwestern princesses such as those in Aladdin (1992), Pocahontas (1995), Mulan (1998), and Moana (2016). This study examines how princesses in animated Disney movies are perceived and understood by girls (8–15 years) in three different countries, over two time-periods with a gap of nearly a decade (2009 and 2018). The primary research question, considering Disney’s global reach, is how race, culture, and presence of a royal family interact with transnational access to the same media content in the perception of the princess concept and about being a girl. The selected countries provide an opportunity to explore differences in perception of Disney princesses between girls raised in countries with and without a royal family, and between girls in nonwestern and western countries. Differences in the perception are attributed to local and national cultures that allow a different lens to view the same content. A mixed method combining interviews, focus groups, and participant-generated images was used to gather data in India, Fiji, and Sweden. Results indicate Disney princesses, with their ubiquitous presence in various formats, e.g., media content, costumes and school stationery, have created a uniform idea of beauty across countries. Princesses in Disney were perceived by participants as being Caucasian and American, regardless of the race or country they represented. Girls in India and Fiji did not identify with Jasmine or Mulan, whom they considered ‘American’, whereas girls in Sweden considered Jasmine and Mulan as princesses of nonwestern origin. Girls in India and Fiji did not think they could be princesses because of their skin color, and did not want to lead a life ‘restricted with responsibilities’, but girls in Sweden considered the same question from the place of a choice, i.e., they preferred not to lead a ‘boring’ and regulated life like that of a princess. Participants from Fiji, with the least access to domestic programming that showed girls of their same Fijian origin, were least likely to consider themselves capable of being a princess. View Full-Text
published_date 2019-03-31T04:14:26Z
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