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The Paris Peace Conference and Cultural Reparations after the First World War

Tomás Irish Orcid Logo

English Historical Review, Volume: 137, Issue: 589

Swansea University Author: Tomás Irish Orcid Logo

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DOI (Published version): 10.1093/ehr/cead004

Abstract

The First World War was marked by cultural destruction that violated international law and outraged international audiences. This article examines the Paris Peace Conference of 1919 and the five post-war treaties (Versailles, Saint-Germain, Neuilly, Trianon and Sèvres) to explore how these issues we...

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Published in: English Historical Review
ISSN: 0013-8266 1477-4534
Published: Oxford University Press 2023
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URI: https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa58451
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first_indexed 2021-11-18T14:41:48Z
last_indexed 2023-03-29T03:15:01Z
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spelling v2 58451 2021-10-22 The Paris Peace Conference and Cultural Reparations after the First World War 24ac67771cd89406f8a5898b5323d137 0000-0002-7736-4289 Tomás Irish Tomás Irish true false 2021-10-22 AHIS The First World War was marked by cultural destruction that violated international law and outraged international audiences. This article examines the Paris Peace Conference of 1919 and the five post-war treaties (Versailles, Saint-Germain, Neuilly, Trianon and Sèvres) to explore how these issues were resolved in the post-war settlements. Rather than focusing solely on the substance of the treaties, the article examines the process through which they were negotiated, paying particular attention to the crucial role played by lobbyists such as museum directors, writers and politicians. It sets these negotiations in the wider context of the contemporary discourse about cultural destruction.The article asserts that the cultural provisions of the post-war treaties sit at the intersection of two key issues in post-war peacemaking: self-determination and reparations. Many states presented claims for the return of cultural objects or compensation for cultural destruction as essential to their national restoration after the war. Cultural claims generally appeared in the treaties’ reparation clauses and their enactment was inherited by the post-war Inter-Allied Reparation Commission.The article argues that the post-war treaties demonstrate the dominance of the cultural claims of Western allies over those of eastern Europe and colonial settings. They also demonstrate a tension between a belief in universal civilisation and the claims of nation states to ownership of cultural property, which was most apparent in cases involving the dissolution of the Habsburg and Ottoman empires. Fundamentally, the decisions reached were often arbitrary rather than being guided by consistent principles or norms. Journal Article English Historical Review 137 589 Oxford University Press 0013-8266 1477-4534 23 3 2023 2023-03-23 10.1093/ehr/cead004 COLLEGE NANME History COLLEGE CODE AHIS Swansea University SU Library paid the OA fee (TA Institutional Deal) 2023-07-11T14:42:22.9881687 2021-10-22T15:09:02.8004635 Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences School of Culture and Communication - History Tomás Irish 0000-0002-7736-4289 1 58451__26945__3d38f29fe4ec4e2b87f4e67ee75190ac.pdf 58451.VOR.pdf 2023-03-28T11:15:32.4365419 Output 299753 application/pdf Version of Record true This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons CC BY license, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. true eng https://creativecommons.org/licenses/
title The Paris Peace Conference and Cultural Reparations after the First World War
spellingShingle The Paris Peace Conference and Cultural Reparations after the First World War
Tomás Irish
title_short The Paris Peace Conference and Cultural Reparations after the First World War
title_full The Paris Peace Conference and Cultural Reparations after the First World War
title_fullStr The Paris Peace Conference and Cultural Reparations after the First World War
title_full_unstemmed The Paris Peace Conference and Cultural Reparations after the First World War
title_sort The Paris Peace Conference and Cultural Reparations after the First World War
author_id_str_mv 24ac67771cd89406f8a5898b5323d137
author_id_fullname_str_mv 24ac67771cd89406f8a5898b5323d137_***_Tomás Irish
author Tomás Irish
author2 Tomás Irish
format Journal article
container_title English Historical Review
container_volume 137
container_issue 589
publishDate 2023
institution Swansea University
issn 0013-8266
1477-4534
doi_str_mv 10.1093/ehr/cead004
publisher Oxford University Press
college_str Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences
hierarchytype
hierarchy_top_id facultyofhumanitiesandsocialsciences
hierarchy_top_title Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences
hierarchy_parent_id facultyofhumanitiesandsocialsciences
hierarchy_parent_title Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences
department_str School of Culture and Communication - History{{{_:::_}}}Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences{{{_:::_}}}School of Culture and Communication - History
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description The First World War was marked by cultural destruction that violated international law and outraged international audiences. This article examines the Paris Peace Conference of 1919 and the five post-war treaties (Versailles, Saint-Germain, Neuilly, Trianon and Sèvres) to explore how these issues were resolved in the post-war settlements. Rather than focusing solely on the substance of the treaties, the article examines the process through which they were negotiated, paying particular attention to the crucial role played by lobbyists such as museum directors, writers and politicians. It sets these negotiations in the wider context of the contemporary discourse about cultural destruction.The article asserts that the cultural provisions of the post-war treaties sit at the intersection of two key issues in post-war peacemaking: self-determination and reparations. Many states presented claims for the return of cultural objects or compensation for cultural destruction as essential to their national restoration after the war. Cultural claims generally appeared in the treaties’ reparation clauses and their enactment was inherited by the post-war Inter-Allied Reparation Commission.The article argues that the post-war treaties demonstrate the dominance of the cultural claims of Western allies over those of eastern Europe and colonial settings. They also demonstrate a tension between a belief in universal civilisation and the claims of nation states to ownership of cultural property, which was most apparent in cases involving the dissolution of the Habsburg and Ottoman empires. Fundamentally, the decisions reached were often arbitrary rather than being guided by consistent principles or norms.
published_date 2023-03-23T14:42:19Z
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