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Metarhizium anisopliae blastospores are highly virulent to adult Aedes aegypti, an important arbovirus vector

Adriano Rodrigues de Paula, Leila Eid Imad Silva, Anderson Ribeiro, Gerson Adriano da Silva, Carlos Peres Silva, Tariq Butt Orcid Logo, Richard Ian Samuels

Parasites & Vectors, Volume: 14, Issue: 1

Swansea University Author: Tariq Butt Orcid Logo

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Abstract

BackgroundThe use of entomopathogenic fungi (EPF) for the control of adult mosquitoes is a promising alternative to synthetic insecticides. Previous studies have only evaluated conidiospores against adult mosquitoes. However, blastospores, which are highly virulent against mosquito larvae and pupae,...

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Published in: Parasites & Vectors
ISSN: 1756-3305
Published: Springer Science and Business Media LLC 2021
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URI: https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa58655
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However, blastospores, which are highly virulent against mosquito larvae and pupae, could also be effective against adults.MethodsMetarhizium anisopliae (ESALQ 818 and LEF 2000) blastospores and conidia were first tested against adult Aedes aegypti by spraying insects with spore suspensions. Blastospores were then tested using an indirect contact bioassay, exposing mosquitoes to fungus-impregnated cloths. Virulence when using blastospores suspended in 20% sunflower oil was also investigated.ResultsFemale mosquitoes sprayed with blastospores or conidia at a concentration of 108 propagules ml&#x2212;1 were highly susceptible to both types of spores, resulting in 100% mortality within 7 days. However, significant differences in virulence of the isolates and propagules became apparent at 107 spores ml&#x2212;1, with ESALQ 818 blastospores being more virulent than LEF 2000 blastospores. ESALQ 818 blastospores were highly virulent when mosquitoes were exposed to black cotton cloths impregnated with blastospores shortly after preparing the suspensions, but virulence declined rapidly 12 h post-application. The addition of vegetable oil to blastospores helped maintain virulence for up to 48 h.ConclusionThe results showed that blastospores were more virulent to adult female Ae. aegypti than conidia when sprayed onto the insects or applied to black cloths. Vegetable oil helped maintain blastospore virulence. 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spelling 2021-11-30T14:54:59.6627963 v2 58655 2021-11-15 Metarhizium anisopliae blastospores are highly virulent to adult Aedes aegypti, an important arbovirus vector 85d1c2ddde272a1176e74978e25ebece 0000-0002-8789-9543 Tariq Butt Tariq Butt true false 2021-11-15 SBI BackgroundThe use of entomopathogenic fungi (EPF) for the control of adult mosquitoes is a promising alternative to synthetic insecticides. Previous studies have only evaluated conidiospores against adult mosquitoes. However, blastospores, which are highly virulent against mosquito larvae and pupae, could also be effective against adults.MethodsMetarhizium anisopliae (ESALQ 818 and LEF 2000) blastospores and conidia were first tested against adult Aedes aegypti by spraying insects with spore suspensions. Blastospores were then tested using an indirect contact bioassay, exposing mosquitoes to fungus-impregnated cloths. Virulence when using blastospores suspended in 20% sunflower oil was also investigated.ResultsFemale mosquitoes sprayed with blastospores or conidia at a concentration of 108 propagules ml−1 were highly susceptible to both types of spores, resulting in 100% mortality within 7 days. However, significant differences in virulence of the isolates and propagules became apparent at 107 spores ml−1, with ESALQ 818 blastospores being more virulent than LEF 2000 blastospores. ESALQ 818 blastospores were highly virulent when mosquitoes were exposed to black cotton cloths impregnated with blastospores shortly after preparing the suspensions, but virulence declined rapidly 12 h post-application. The addition of vegetable oil to blastospores helped maintain virulence for up to 48 h.ConclusionThe results showed that blastospores were more virulent to adult female Ae. aegypti than conidia when sprayed onto the insects or applied to black cloths. Vegetable oil helped maintain blastospore virulence. The results show that blastospores have potential for use in integrated vector management, although new formulations and drying techniques need to be investigated. Journal Article Parasites & Vectors 14 1 Springer Science and Business Media LLC 1756-3305 Arbovirus, Dengue, Biological control, Fungus, Pathogen, Blastospores, Conidia 28 10 2021 2021-10-28 10.1186/s13071-021-05055-z COLLEGE NANME Biosciences COLLEGE CODE SBI Swansea University This research was funded by FAPERJ: Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (E-26/201.336/2016; E26/202.923/2019) and CNPQ: Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científco e Tecnológico (440495/2016) 2021-11-30T14:54:59.6627963 2021-11-15T10:25:10.0664539 Faculty of Science and Engineering School of Biosciences, Geography and Physics - Biosciences Adriano Rodrigues de Paula 1 Leila Eid Imad Silva 2 Anderson Ribeiro 3 Gerson Adriano da Silva 4 Carlos Peres Silva 5 Tariq Butt 0000-0002-8789-9543 6 Richard Ian Samuels 7 58655__21733__d6a5c9e87f4d4db98100705f28b3a461.pdf 58655.pdf 2021-11-30T14:53:50.6981927 Output 932164 application/pdf Version of Record true © The Author(s) 2021. Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License true eng http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
title Metarhizium anisopliae blastospores are highly virulent to adult Aedes aegypti, an important arbovirus vector
spellingShingle Metarhizium anisopliae blastospores are highly virulent to adult Aedes aegypti, an important arbovirus vector
Tariq Butt
title_short Metarhizium anisopliae blastospores are highly virulent to adult Aedes aegypti, an important arbovirus vector
title_full Metarhizium anisopliae blastospores are highly virulent to adult Aedes aegypti, an important arbovirus vector
title_fullStr Metarhizium anisopliae blastospores are highly virulent to adult Aedes aegypti, an important arbovirus vector
title_full_unstemmed Metarhizium anisopliae blastospores are highly virulent to adult Aedes aegypti, an important arbovirus vector
title_sort Metarhizium anisopliae blastospores are highly virulent to adult Aedes aegypti, an important arbovirus vector
author_id_str_mv 85d1c2ddde272a1176e74978e25ebece
author_id_fullname_str_mv 85d1c2ddde272a1176e74978e25ebece_***_Tariq Butt
author Tariq Butt
author2 Adriano Rodrigues de Paula
Leila Eid Imad Silva
Anderson Ribeiro
Gerson Adriano da Silva
Carlos Peres Silva
Tariq Butt
Richard Ian Samuels
format Journal article
container_title Parasites & Vectors
container_volume 14
container_issue 1
publishDate 2021
institution Swansea University
issn 1756-3305
doi_str_mv 10.1186/s13071-021-05055-z
publisher Springer Science and Business Media LLC
college_str Faculty of Science and Engineering
hierarchytype
hierarchy_top_id facultyofscienceandengineering
hierarchy_top_title Faculty of Science and Engineering
hierarchy_parent_id facultyofscienceandengineering
hierarchy_parent_title Faculty of Science and Engineering
department_str School of Biosciences, Geography and Physics - Biosciences{{{_:::_}}}Faculty of Science and Engineering{{{_:::_}}}School of Biosciences, Geography and Physics - Biosciences
document_store_str 1
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description BackgroundThe use of entomopathogenic fungi (EPF) for the control of adult mosquitoes is a promising alternative to synthetic insecticides. Previous studies have only evaluated conidiospores against adult mosquitoes. However, blastospores, which are highly virulent against mosquito larvae and pupae, could also be effective against adults.MethodsMetarhizium anisopliae (ESALQ 818 and LEF 2000) blastospores and conidia were first tested against adult Aedes aegypti by spraying insects with spore suspensions. Blastospores were then tested using an indirect contact bioassay, exposing mosquitoes to fungus-impregnated cloths. Virulence when using blastospores suspended in 20% sunflower oil was also investigated.ResultsFemale mosquitoes sprayed with blastospores or conidia at a concentration of 108 propagules ml−1 were highly susceptible to both types of spores, resulting in 100% mortality within 7 days. However, significant differences in virulence of the isolates and propagules became apparent at 107 spores ml−1, with ESALQ 818 blastospores being more virulent than LEF 2000 blastospores. ESALQ 818 blastospores were highly virulent when mosquitoes were exposed to black cotton cloths impregnated with blastospores shortly after preparing the suspensions, but virulence declined rapidly 12 h post-application. The addition of vegetable oil to blastospores helped maintain virulence for up to 48 h.ConclusionThe results showed that blastospores were more virulent to adult female Ae. aegypti than conidia when sprayed onto the insects or applied to black cloths. Vegetable oil helped maintain blastospore virulence. The results show that blastospores have potential for use in integrated vector management, although new formulations and drying techniques need to be investigated.
published_date 2021-10-28T04:15:21Z
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