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Seismic and Electrical Geophysical Characterization of an Incipient Coastal Open‐System Pingo: Lagoon Pingo, Svalbard

Craig Hammock, Bernd Kulessa Orcid Logo, John Hiemstra Orcid Logo, Andrew J. Hodson, Alun Hubbard Orcid Logo

Earth and Space Science, Volume: 9, Issue: 3

Swansea University Authors: Craig Hammock, Bernd Kulessa Orcid Logo, John Hiemstra Orcid Logo

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DOI (Published version): 10.1029/2021ea002093

Abstract

Whilst there has been a recent appreciation for the role of open-system pingos in providing a fluid-flow conduit through continuous permafrost that enables methane release, the formation and internal structure of these ubiquitous permafrost-diagnostic landforms remains unclear. Here, we combine acti...

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Published in: Earth and Space Science
ISSN: 2333-5084 2333-5084
Published: American Geophysical Union (AGU) 2022
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URI: https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa59058
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Here, we combine active-source seismic measurements with electrical resistivity tomography to investigate the structural and subsurface characteristics of an incipient open-system pingo actively emitting methane within the glacio-isostatically uplifting fjord valley of Adventdalen, Svalbard. Wavefront inversion of seismic refractions delineate a spatially heterogeneous active layer, whilst deeper reflections identify the lithological boundaries between marine sediments and underlying shales at &#x223C;68 m depth (p-wave velocity of &#x223C;1,790 ms&#x2212;1). Low geometric mean inverted resistivities of 40&#x2013;150 &#x3A9;m highlight the dominance of saline permafrost, whilst elevated resistivities (&#x223C;2 k&#x3A9;m) occur close to the groundwater spring and in heaved areas around the pingo. 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spelling 2022-03-14T13:29:42.1566778 v2 59058 2022-01-04 Seismic and Electrical Geophysical Characterization of an Incipient Coastal Open‐System Pingo: Lagoon Pingo, Svalbard 3d6336b09af3ca034f650d44db5d4089 Craig Hammock Craig Hammock true false 52acda616e9f6073cbebf497def874c9 0000-0002-4830-4949 Bernd Kulessa Bernd Kulessa true false fa99fa6ac238739f5e92fd88069c4036 0000-0003-3148-0206 John Hiemstra John Hiemstra true false 2022-01-04 SGE Whilst there has been a recent appreciation for the role of open-system pingos in providing a fluid-flow conduit through continuous permafrost that enables methane release, the formation and internal structure of these ubiquitous permafrost-diagnostic landforms remains unclear. Here, we combine active-source seismic measurements with electrical resistivity tomography to investigate the structural and subsurface characteristics of an incipient open-system pingo actively emitting methane within the glacio-isostatically uplifting fjord valley of Adventdalen, Svalbard. Wavefront inversion of seismic refractions delineate a spatially heterogeneous active layer, whilst deeper reflections identify the lithological boundaries between marine sediments and underlying shales at ∼68 m depth (p-wave velocity of ∼1,790 ms−1). Low geometric mean inverted resistivities of 40–150 Ωm highlight the dominance of saline permafrost, whilst elevated resistivities (∼2 kΩm) occur close to the groundwater spring and in heaved areas around the pingo. Based on our results, we speculate that segregation ice dominates the pingo structure, given the absence of a notable resistivity contrast characteristic of injection ice that is typically expected within early open-system pingo formation, and provides the most plausible geomorphic agent within the local fine-grained sedimentology. Our results thereby indicate that sediment grain size and moisture availability can provide important controls on pingo formation. This study shows that open-system pingos in coastal, saline permafrost environments may form differently, with implications for localized permafrost structure, its permeability to underlying gas reservoirs and consequent methane release. Journal Article Earth and Space Science 9 3 American Geophysical Union (AGU) 2333-5084 2333-5084 open-system pingo; electrical resistivity tomography; seismic reflection; seismic refraction; permafrost; methane release 4 3 2022 2022-03-04 10.1029/2021ea002093 COLLEGE NANME Geography COLLEGE CODE SGE Swansea University Swansea University College of Science Research Fund. Grant Number: N/A; Near Surface Geophysics Group of the Geological Society of London's Postgraduate Fieldwork Fund. Grant Number: N/A; Research Council of Norway. Grant Numbers: 223259, 294764 2022-03-14T13:29:42.1566778 2022-01-04T06:57:43.8020376 Faculty of Science and Engineering School of Biosciences, Geography and Physics - Geography Craig Hammock 1 Bernd Kulessa 0000-0002-4830-4949 2 John Hiemstra 0000-0003-3148-0206 3 Andrew J. Hodson 4 Alun Hubbard 0000-0002-0503-3915 5 59058__22588__3e80b194c7c54582a3ae2207d03f0360.pdf 59058.pdf 2022-03-14T13:26:20.3853816 Output 2839595 application/pdf Version of Record true © 2021. The Authors. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License true eng http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
title Seismic and Electrical Geophysical Characterization of an Incipient Coastal Open‐System Pingo: Lagoon Pingo, Svalbard
spellingShingle Seismic and Electrical Geophysical Characterization of an Incipient Coastal Open‐System Pingo: Lagoon Pingo, Svalbard
Craig Hammock
Bernd Kulessa
John Hiemstra
title_short Seismic and Electrical Geophysical Characterization of an Incipient Coastal Open‐System Pingo: Lagoon Pingo, Svalbard
title_full Seismic and Electrical Geophysical Characterization of an Incipient Coastal Open‐System Pingo: Lagoon Pingo, Svalbard
title_fullStr Seismic and Electrical Geophysical Characterization of an Incipient Coastal Open‐System Pingo: Lagoon Pingo, Svalbard
title_full_unstemmed Seismic and Electrical Geophysical Characterization of an Incipient Coastal Open‐System Pingo: Lagoon Pingo, Svalbard
title_sort Seismic and Electrical Geophysical Characterization of an Incipient Coastal Open‐System Pingo: Lagoon Pingo, Svalbard
author_id_str_mv 3d6336b09af3ca034f650d44db5d4089
52acda616e9f6073cbebf497def874c9
fa99fa6ac238739f5e92fd88069c4036
author_id_fullname_str_mv 3d6336b09af3ca034f650d44db5d4089_***_Craig Hammock
52acda616e9f6073cbebf497def874c9_***_Bernd Kulessa
fa99fa6ac238739f5e92fd88069c4036_***_John Hiemstra
author Craig Hammock
Bernd Kulessa
John Hiemstra
author2 Craig Hammock
Bernd Kulessa
John Hiemstra
Andrew J. Hodson
Alun Hubbard
format Journal article
container_title Earth and Space Science
container_volume 9
container_issue 3
publishDate 2022
institution Swansea University
issn 2333-5084
2333-5084
doi_str_mv 10.1029/2021ea002093
publisher American Geophysical Union (AGU)
college_str Faculty of Science and Engineering
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hierarchy_top_id facultyofscienceandengineering
hierarchy_top_title Faculty of Science and Engineering
hierarchy_parent_id facultyofscienceandengineering
hierarchy_parent_title Faculty of Science and Engineering
department_str School of Biosciences, Geography and Physics - Geography{{{_:::_}}}Faculty of Science and Engineering{{{_:::_}}}School of Biosciences, Geography and Physics - Geography
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description Whilst there has been a recent appreciation for the role of open-system pingos in providing a fluid-flow conduit through continuous permafrost that enables methane release, the formation and internal structure of these ubiquitous permafrost-diagnostic landforms remains unclear. Here, we combine active-source seismic measurements with electrical resistivity tomography to investigate the structural and subsurface characteristics of an incipient open-system pingo actively emitting methane within the glacio-isostatically uplifting fjord valley of Adventdalen, Svalbard. Wavefront inversion of seismic refractions delineate a spatially heterogeneous active layer, whilst deeper reflections identify the lithological boundaries between marine sediments and underlying shales at ∼68 m depth (p-wave velocity of ∼1,790 ms−1). Low geometric mean inverted resistivities of 40–150 Ωm highlight the dominance of saline permafrost, whilst elevated resistivities (∼2 kΩm) occur close to the groundwater spring and in heaved areas around the pingo. Based on our results, we speculate that segregation ice dominates the pingo structure, given the absence of a notable resistivity contrast characteristic of injection ice that is typically expected within early open-system pingo formation, and provides the most plausible geomorphic agent within the local fine-grained sedimentology. Our results thereby indicate that sediment grain size and moisture availability can provide important controls on pingo formation. This study shows that open-system pingos in coastal, saline permafrost environments may form differently, with implications for localized permafrost structure, its permeability to underlying gas reservoirs and consequent methane release.
published_date 2022-03-04T04:16:04Z
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