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Development of a Phage Cocktail to Target Salmonella Strains Associated with Swine

Anisha M. Thanki, Viviana Clavijo, Kit Healy, Rachael Wilkinson, Thomas Sicheritz-Pontén, Andrew D. Millard, Martha R. J. Clokie

Pharmaceuticals, Volume: 15, Issue: 1, Start page: 58

Swansea University Author: Rachael Wilkinson

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DOI (Published version): 10.3390/ph15010058

Abstract

Infections caused by multidrug resistant Salmonella strains are problematic in swine and are entering human food chains. Bacteriophages (phages) could be used to complement or replace antibiotics to reduce infection within swine. Here, we extensively characterised six broad host range lytic Salmonel...

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Published in: Pharmaceuticals
ISSN: 1424-8247
Published: MDPI AG 2022
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URI: https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa59061
first_indexed 2022-01-04T13:26:09Z
last_indexed 2022-01-20T04:30:35Z
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spelling 2022-01-19T17:03:03.0193754 v2 59061 2022-01-04 Development of a Phage Cocktail to Target Salmonella Strains Associated with Swine 81e346f0f7b208e6c7a76465799482ab Rachael Wilkinson Rachael Wilkinson true false 2022-01-04 SAS Infections caused by multidrug resistant Salmonella strains are problematic in swine and are entering human food chains. Bacteriophages (phages) could be used to complement or replace antibiotics to reduce infection within swine. Here, we extensively characterised six broad host range lytic Salmonella phages, with the aim of developing a phage cocktail to prevent or treat infection. Intriguingly, the phages tested differed by one to five single nucleotide polymorphisms. However, there were clear phenotypic differences between them, especially in their heat and pH sensitivity. In vitro killing assays were conducted to determine the efficacy of phages alone and when combined, and three cocktails reduced bacterial numbers by ~2 × 103 CFU/mL within two hours. These cocktails were tested in larvae challenge studies, and prophylactic treatment with phage cocktail SPFM10-SPFM14 was the most efficient. Phage treatment improved larvae survival to 90% after 72 h versus 3% in the infected untreated group. In 65% of the phage-treated larvae, Salmonella counts were below the detection limit, whereas it was isolated from 100% of the infected, untreated larvae group. This study demonstrates that phages effectively reduce Salmonella colonisation in larvae, which supports their ability to similarly protect swine. Journal Article Pharmaceuticals 15 1 58 MDPI AG 1424-8247 Salmonella phages, phage cocktails, phage therapy, phage characterisation, larvae infection model, single nucleotide polymorphisms 2 1 2022 2022-01-02 10.3390/ph15010058 COLLEGE NANME Student Academic Services COLLEGE CODE SAS Swansea University This research was funded by Agriculture and Horticulture Development Board (grant code 71263) and by Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (grant code BB/P005128/1). 2022-01-19T17:03:03.0193754 2022-01-04T13:22:55.4942470 Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences Swansea University Medical School - Medicine Anisha M. Thanki 1 Viviana Clavijo 2 Kit Healy 3 Rachael Wilkinson 4 Thomas Sicheritz-Pontén 5 Andrew D. Millard 6 Martha R. J. Clokie 7 59061__22001__bca4da16341d4bd08af6450debbbccda.pdf pharmaceuticals-15-00058.pdf 2022-01-04T13:22:55.4940045 Output 2447144 application/pdf Version of Record true Copyright: © 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license true eng https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
title Development of a Phage Cocktail to Target Salmonella Strains Associated with Swine
spellingShingle Development of a Phage Cocktail to Target Salmonella Strains Associated with Swine
Rachael Wilkinson
title_short Development of a Phage Cocktail to Target Salmonella Strains Associated with Swine
title_full Development of a Phage Cocktail to Target Salmonella Strains Associated with Swine
title_fullStr Development of a Phage Cocktail to Target Salmonella Strains Associated with Swine
title_full_unstemmed Development of a Phage Cocktail to Target Salmonella Strains Associated with Swine
title_sort Development of a Phage Cocktail to Target Salmonella Strains Associated with Swine
author_id_str_mv 81e346f0f7b208e6c7a76465799482ab
author_id_fullname_str_mv 81e346f0f7b208e6c7a76465799482ab_***_Rachael Wilkinson
author Rachael Wilkinson
author2 Anisha M. Thanki
Viviana Clavijo
Kit Healy
Rachael Wilkinson
Thomas Sicheritz-Pontén
Andrew D. Millard
Martha R. J. Clokie
format Journal article
container_title Pharmaceuticals
container_volume 15
container_issue 1
container_start_page 58
publishDate 2022
institution Swansea University
issn 1424-8247
doi_str_mv 10.3390/ph15010058
publisher MDPI AG
college_str Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences
hierarchytype
hierarchy_top_id facultyofmedicinehealthandlifesciences
hierarchy_top_title Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences
hierarchy_parent_id facultyofmedicinehealthandlifesciences
hierarchy_parent_title Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences
department_str Swansea University Medical School - Medicine{{{_:::_}}}Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences{{{_:::_}}}Swansea University Medical School - Medicine
document_store_str 1
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description Infections caused by multidrug resistant Salmonella strains are problematic in swine and are entering human food chains. Bacteriophages (phages) could be used to complement or replace antibiotics to reduce infection within swine. Here, we extensively characterised six broad host range lytic Salmonella phages, with the aim of developing a phage cocktail to prevent or treat infection. Intriguingly, the phages tested differed by one to five single nucleotide polymorphisms. However, there were clear phenotypic differences between them, especially in their heat and pH sensitivity. In vitro killing assays were conducted to determine the efficacy of phages alone and when combined, and three cocktails reduced bacterial numbers by ~2 × 103 CFU/mL within two hours. These cocktails were tested in larvae challenge studies, and prophylactic treatment with phage cocktail SPFM10-SPFM14 was the most efficient. Phage treatment improved larvae survival to 90% after 72 h versus 3% in the infected untreated group. In 65% of the phage-treated larvae, Salmonella counts were below the detection limit, whereas it was isolated from 100% of the infected, untreated larvae group. This study demonstrates that phages effectively reduce Salmonella colonisation in larvae, which supports their ability to similarly protect swine.
published_date 2022-01-02T05:00:02Z
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