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Misuse of Anticholinergic Medications: A Systematic Review
Biomedicines, Volume: 10, Issue: 2, Start page: 355
Swansea University Author: Amira Guirguis
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DOI (Published version): 10.3390/biomedicines10020355
Abstract
(1) Background: Over the last decade, misuse and diversion of medications has appeared to be increasingly concerning phenomena, including a range of different molecules. As current knowledge on the abuse of centrally acting anticholinergics is limited, the aim of the present study is to review the r...
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MDPI AG
2022
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<?xml version="1.0"?><rfc1807><datestamp>2022-02-01T16:32:28.3186696</datestamp><bib-version>v2</bib-version><id>59266</id><entry>2022-01-29</entry><title>Misuse of Anticholinergic Medications: A Systematic Review</title><swanseaauthors><author><sid>b49270b9a0d580cf4f31f9a1b6c93f87</sid><ORCID>0000-0001-8255-0660</ORCID><firstname>Amira</firstname><surname>Guirguis</surname><name>Amira Guirguis</name><active>true</active><ethesisStudent>false</ethesisStudent></author></swanseaauthors><date>2022-01-29</date><deptcode>PHAR</deptcode><abstract>(1) Background: Over the last decade, misuse and diversion of medications has appeared to be increasingly concerning phenomena, including a range of different molecules. As current knowledge on the abuse of centrally acting anticholinergics is limited, the aim of the present study is to review the relevant published data, focusing on the following molecules: benztropine, biperiden, scopolamine, orphenadrine, and benzhexol/trihexyphenidyl (THP). (2) Methods: A systematic literature review was carried out using Pubmed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). Research methods were registered on PROSPERO (CRD42021257293). (3) Results: A total of 48 articles, including case reports, surveys, and retrospective case series analyses, were included. Most articles focused on benzhexol/THP (n = 25), and benztropine (n = 4). The routes of administration were mostly oral, and macrodoses together concomitant illicit drugs, e.g., cocaine, have been recorded. Toxidromes included both physical (e.g., tachycardia, tachypnoea, dilatated pupils, dry skin, urinary retention, ataxia, etc.) and psychiatric symptoms (e.g., anxiety, agitation, delirium, etc.). Fatal outcomes were very rare but reported. (4) Conclusion: Results from the present study show that anticholinergic misusing issues are both widespread worldwide and popular. Considering the potential adverse effects associated, healthcare professionals should be vigilant and monitor eventual misusing issues.</abstract><type>Journal Article</type><journal>Biomedicines</journal><volume>10</volume><journalNumber>2</journalNumber><paginationStart>355</paginationStart><paginationEnd/><publisher>MDPI AG</publisher><placeOfPublication>UK</placeOfPublication><isbnPrint/><isbnElectronic/><issnPrint/><issnElectronic>2227-9059</issnElectronic><keywords>anticholinergic drugs; drug misuse; drug abuse; drug diversion</keywords><publishedDay>1</publishedDay><publishedMonth>2</publishedMonth><publishedYear>2022</publishedYear><publishedDate>2022-02-01</publishedDate><doi>10.3390/biomedicines10020355</doi><url/><notes/><college>COLLEGE NANME</college><department>Pharmacy</department><CollegeCode>COLLEGE CODE</CollegeCode><DepartmentCode>PHAR</DepartmentCode><institution>Swansea University</institution><apcterm/><lastEdited>2022-02-01T16:32:28.3186696</lastEdited><Created>2022-01-29T13:56:35.2259552</Created><path><level id="1">Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences</level><level id="2">Swansea University Medical School - Medicine</level></path><authors><author><firstname>Stefania</firstname><surname>Chiappini</surname><orcid>0000-0002-6810-1540</orcid><order>1</order></author><author><firstname>Alessio</firstname><surname>Mosca</surname><orcid>0000-0003-3832-1398</orcid><order>2</order></author><author><firstname>Andrea</firstname><surname>Miuli</surname><orcid>0000-0003-2431-0460</orcid><order>3</order></author><author><firstname>Francesco Maria</firstname><surname>Semeraro</surname><order>4</order></author><author><firstname>Gianluca</firstname><surname>Mancusi</surname><order>5</order></author><author><firstname>Maria Chiara</firstname><surname>Santovito</surname><order>6</order></author><author><firstname>Francesco Di</firstname><surname>Carlo</surname><orcid>0000-0001-8058-3426</orcid><order>7</order></author><author><firstname>Mauro</firstname><surname>Pettorruso</surname><orcid>0000-0002-4164-3040</orcid><order>8</order></author><author><firstname>Amira</firstname><surname>Guirguis</surname><orcid>0000-0001-8255-0660</orcid><order>9</order></author><author><firstname>John Martin</firstname><surname>Corkery</surname><orcid>0000-0002-3849-817x</orcid><order>10</order></author><author><firstname>Giovanni</firstname><surname>Martinotti</surname><orcid>0000-0002-7292-2341</orcid><order>11</order></author><author><firstname>Fabrizio</firstname><surname>Schifano</surname><order>12</order></author><author><firstname>Massimo Di</firstname><surname>Giannantonio</surname><order>13</order></author></authors><documents><document><filename>59266__22281__d2c648ec3be44e989c8ca37a0487c30d.pdf</filename><originalFilename>59266.pdf</originalFilename><uploaded>2022-02-01T16:29:48.7569201</uploaded><type>Output</type><contentLength>981695</contentLength><contentType>application/pdf</contentType><version>Version of Record</version><cronfaStatus>true</cronfaStatus><documentNotes>© 2022 by the authors.This is an open access article distributed under the terms and
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2022-02-01T16:32:28.3186696 v2 59266 2022-01-29 Misuse of Anticholinergic Medications: A Systematic Review b49270b9a0d580cf4f31f9a1b6c93f87 0000-0001-8255-0660 Amira Guirguis Amira Guirguis true false 2022-01-29 PHAR (1) Background: Over the last decade, misuse and diversion of medications has appeared to be increasingly concerning phenomena, including a range of different molecules. As current knowledge on the abuse of centrally acting anticholinergics is limited, the aim of the present study is to review the relevant published data, focusing on the following molecules: benztropine, biperiden, scopolamine, orphenadrine, and benzhexol/trihexyphenidyl (THP). (2) Methods: A systematic literature review was carried out using Pubmed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). Research methods were registered on PROSPERO (CRD42021257293). (3) Results: A total of 48 articles, including case reports, surveys, and retrospective case series analyses, were included. Most articles focused on benzhexol/THP (n = 25), and benztropine (n = 4). The routes of administration were mostly oral, and macrodoses together concomitant illicit drugs, e.g., cocaine, have been recorded. Toxidromes included both physical (e.g., tachycardia, tachypnoea, dilatated pupils, dry skin, urinary retention, ataxia, etc.) and psychiatric symptoms (e.g., anxiety, agitation, delirium, etc.). Fatal outcomes were very rare but reported. (4) Conclusion: Results from the present study show that anticholinergic misusing issues are both widespread worldwide and popular. Considering the potential adverse effects associated, healthcare professionals should be vigilant and monitor eventual misusing issues. Journal Article Biomedicines 10 2 355 MDPI AG UK 2227-9059 anticholinergic drugs; drug misuse; drug abuse; drug diversion 1 2 2022 2022-02-01 10.3390/biomedicines10020355 COLLEGE NANME Pharmacy COLLEGE CODE PHAR Swansea University 2022-02-01T16:32:28.3186696 2022-01-29T13:56:35.2259552 Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences Swansea University Medical School - Medicine Stefania Chiappini 0000-0002-6810-1540 1 Alessio Mosca 0000-0003-3832-1398 2 Andrea Miuli 0000-0003-2431-0460 3 Francesco Maria Semeraro 4 Gianluca Mancusi 5 Maria Chiara Santovito 6 Francesco Di Carlo 0000-0001-8058-3426 7 Mauro Pettorruso 0000-0002-4164-3040 8 Amira Guirguis 0000-0001-8255-0660 9 John Martin Corkery 0000-0002-3849-817x 10 Giovanni Martinotti 0000-0002-7292-2341 11 Fabrizio Schifano 12 Massimo Di Giannantonio 13 59266__22281__d2c648ec3be44e989c8ca37a0487c30d.pdf 59266.pdf 2022-02-01T16:29:48.7569201 Output 981695 application/pdf Version of Record true © 2022 by the authors.This is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license true eng https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ |
title |
Misuse of Anticholinergic Medications: A Systematic Review |
spellingShingle |
Misuse of Anticholinergic Medications: A Systematic Review Amira Guirguis |
title_short |
Misuse of Anticholinergic Medications: A Systematic Review |
title_full |
Misuse of Anticholinergic Medications: A Systematic Review |
title_fullStr |
Misuse of Anticholinergic Medications: A Systematic Review |
title_full_unstemmed |
Misuse of Anticholinergic Medications: A Systematic Review |
title_sort |
Misuse of Anticholinergic Medications: A Systematic Review |
author_id_str_mv |
b49270b9a0d580cf4f31f9a1b6c93f87 |
author_id_fullname_str_mv |
b49270b9a0d580cf4f31f9a1b6c93f87_***_Amira Guirguis |
author |
Amira Guirguis |
author2 |
Stefania Chiappini Alessio Mosca Andrea Miuli Francesco Maria Semeraro Gianluca Mancusi Maria Chiara Santovito Francesco Di Carlo Mauro Pettorruso Amira Guirguis John Martin Corkery Giovanni Martinotti Fabrizio Schifano Massimo Di Giannantonio |
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Journal article |
container_title |
Biomedicines |
container_volume |
10 |
container_issue |
2 |
container_start_page |
355 |
publishDate |
2022 |
institution |
Swansea University |
issn |
2227-9059 |
doi_str_mv |
10.3390/biomedicines10020355 |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
college_str |
Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences |
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Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences |
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Swansea University Medical School - Medicine{{{_:::_}}}Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences{{{_:::_}}}Swansea University Medical School - Medicine |
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description |
(1) Background: Over the last decade, misuse and diversion of medications has appeared to be increasingly concerning phenomena, including a range of different molecules. As current knowledge on the abuse of centrally acting anticholinergics is limited, the aim of the present study is to review the relevant published data, focusing on the following molecules: benztropine, biperiden, scopolamine, orphenadrine, and benzhexol/trihexyphenidyl (THP). (2) Methods: A systematic literature review was carried out using Pubmed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). Research methods were registered on PROSPERO (CRD42021257293). (3) Results: A total of 48 articles, including case reports, surveys, and retrospective case series analyses, were included. Most articles focused on benzhexol/THP (n = 25), and benztropine (n = 4). The routes of administration were mostly oral, and macrodoses together concomitant illicit drugs, e.g., cocaine, have been recorded. Toxidromes included both physical (e.g., tachycardia, tachypnoea, dilatated pupils, dry skin, urinary retention, ataxia, etc.) and psychiatric symptoms (e.g., anxiety, agitation, delirium, etc.). Fatal outcomes were very rare but reported. (4) Conclusion: Results from the present study show that anticholinergic misusing issues are both widespread worldwide and popular. Considering the potential adverse effects associated, healthcare professionals should be vigilant and monitor eventual misusing issues. |
published_date |
2022-02-01T04:16:26Z |
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11.030209 |