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Quasi-Steady-State Measurement of Exciton Diffusion Lengths in Organic Semiconductors

Drew Riley, Oskar Sandberg Orcid Logo, Wei Li, Paul Meredith Orcid Logo, Ardalan Armin Orcid Logo

Physical Review Applied, Volume: 17, Issue: 2

Swansea University Authors: Drew Riley, Oskar Sandberg Orcid Logo, Wei Li, Paul Meredith Orcid Logo, Ardalan Armin Orcid Logo

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DOI (Published version): 10.1103/physrevapplied.17.024076

Abstract

Exciton diffusion plays a decisive role in various organic optoelectronic applications, including lasing, photodiodes, light-emitting diodes, and solar cells. Understanding the role that exciton diffusion plays in organic solar cells is crucial to understanding the recent rise in power conversion ef...

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Published in: Physical Review Applied
ISSN: 2331-7019
Published: American Physical Society (APS) 2022
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URI: https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa59507
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Understanding the role that exciton diffusion plays in organic solar cells is crucial to understanding the recent rise in power conversion efficiencies brought about by nonfullerene acceptor (NFA) molecules. Established methods for quantifying exciton diffusion lengths in organic semiconductors require specialized equipment designed for measuring high-resolution time-resolved photoluminescence (TRPL). In this paper we introduce an approach, named pulsed-photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY), to determine the diffusion length of excitons in organic semiconductors without any temporal measurements. Using a Monte Carlo model, the dynamics within a thin-film semiconductor are simulated and the results are analyzed using both pulsed-PLQY and TRPL methods. It is found that pulsed-PLQY has a larger operational window and depends less on the excitation fluence than the TRPL approach. The simulated results are validated experimentally on a well-understood organic semiconductor, after which pulsed-PLQY is used to evaluate the diffusion length in a variety of technologically relevant materials. It is found that the diffusion lengths in NFAs are much larger than in the benchmark fullerene and that this increase is driven by an increase in diffusivity. This result helps explain the high charge generation yield in low-offset state-of-the-art NFA solar cells.</abstract><type>Journal Article</type><journal>Physical Review Applied</journal><volume>17</volume><journalNumber>2</journalNumber><paginationStart/><paginationEnd/><publisher>American Physical Society (APS)</publisher><placeOfPublication/><isbnPrint/><isbnElectronic/><issnPrint/><issnElectronic>2331-7019</issnElectronic><keywords/><publishedDay>28</publishedDay><publishedMonth>2</publishedMonth><publishedYear>2022</publishedYear><publishedDate>2022-02-28</publishedDate><doi>10.1103/physrevapplied.17.024076</doi><url/><notes/><college>COLLEGE NANME</college><department>Physics</department><CollegeCode>COLLEGE CODE</CollegeCode><DepartmentCode>SPH</DepartmentCode><institution>Swansea University</institution><apcterm>Another institution paid the OA fee</apcterm><funders>This work was supported by the Welsh Government&#x2019;s S&#xEA;r Cymru II Program through the European Regional Development Fund, Welsh European Funding Office, and Swansea University strategic initiative in Sustainable Advanced Materials. 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spelling 2022-03-21T14:57:37.9784927 v2 59507 2022-03-06 Quasi-Steady-State Measurement of Exciton Diffusion Lengths in Organic Semiconductors edca1c48f922393fa2b3cb84d8dc0e4a Drew Riley Drew Riley true false 9e91512a54d5aee66cd77851a96ba747 0000-0003-3778-8746 Oskar Sandberg Oskar Sandberg true false d6c46502d8e5f62c1af3c7fce334ac90 Wei Li Wei Li true false 31e8fe57fa180d418afd48c3af280c2e 0000-0002-9049-7414 Paul Meredith Paul Meredith true false 22b270622d739d81e131bec7a819e2fd 0000-0002-6129-5354 Ardalan Armin Ardalan Armin true false 2022-03-06 SPH Exciton diffusion plays a decisive role in various organic optoelectronic applications, including lasing, photodiodes, light-emitting diodes, and solar cells. Understanding the role that exciton diffusion plays in organic solar cells is crucial to understanding the recent rise in power conversion efficiencies brought about by nonfullerene acceptor (NFA) molecules. Established methods for quantifying exciton diffusion lengths in organic semiconductors require specialized equipment designed for measuring high-resolution time-resolved photoluminescence (TRPL). In this paper we introduce an approach, named pulsed-photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY), to determine the diffusion length of excitons in organic semiconductors without any temporal measurements. Using a Monte Carlo model, the dynamics within a thin-film semiconductor are simulated and the results are analyzed using both pulsed-PLQY and TRPL methods. It is found that pulsed-PLQY has a larger operational window and depends less on the excitation fluence than the TRPL approach. The simulated results are validated experimentally on a well-understood organic semiconductor, after which pulsed-PLQY is used to evaluate the diffusion length in a variety of technologically relevant materials. It is found that the diffusion lengths in NFAs are much larger than in the benchmark fullerene and that this increase is driven by an increase in diffusivity. This result helps explain the high charge generation yield in low-offset state-of-the-art NFA solar cells. Journal Article Physical Review Applied 17 2 American Physical Society (APS) 2331-7019 28 2 2022 2022-02-28 10.1103/physrevapplied.17.024076 COLLEGE NANME Physics COLLEGE CODE SPH Swansea University Another institution paid the OA fee This work was supported by the Welsh Government’s Sêr Cymru II Program through the European Regional Development Fund, Welsh European Funding Office, and Swansea University strategic initiative in Sustainable Advanced Materials. A.A. is a Sêr Cymru II Rising Star Fellow and P.M. is a Sêr Cymru II National Research Chair. This work was also funded by UKRI through the EPSRC Program Grant EP/T028511/1 Application Targeted Integrated Photovoltaics. D.B.R. acknowledges the support of the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC), [PGSD3-545694-2020]. The authors acknowledge the support of the Supercomputing Wales project, which is part-funded by the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) via the Welsh Government. 2022-03-21T14:57:37.9784927 2022-03-06T11:58:45.4987273 Faculty of Science and Engineering School of Biosciences, Geography and Physics - Physics Drew Riley 1 Oskar Sandberg 0000-0003-3778-8746 2 Wei Li 3 Paul Meredith 0000-0002-9049-7414 4 Ardalan Armin 0000-0002-6129-5354 5 59507__22529__c5c9f54eba614df093ed8fd2d8089c5c.pdf 2022_Riley et al PhysRevApplied.17.024076.pdf 2022-03-06T12:05:11.5452663 Output 2491406 application/pdf Version of Record true Released under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license true eng https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
title Quasi-Steady-State Measurement of Exciton Diffusion Lengths in Organic Semiconductors
spellingShingle Quasi-Steady-State Measurement of Exciton Diffusion Lengths in Organic Semiconductors
Drew Riley
Oskar Sandberg
Wei Li
Paul Meredith
Ardalan Armin
title_short Quasi-Steady-State Measurement of Exciton Diffusion Lengths in Organic Semiconductors
title_full Quasi-Steady-State Measurement of Exciton Diffusion Lengths in Organic Semiconductors
title_fullStr Quasi-Steady-State Measurement of Exciton Diffusion Lengths in Organic Semiconductors
title_full_unstemmed Quasi-Steady-State Measurement of Exciton Diffusion Lengths in Organic Semiconductors
title_sort Quasi-Steady-State Measurement of Exciton Diffusion Lengths in Organic Semiconductors
author_id_str_mv edca1c48f922393fa2b3cb84d8dc0e4a
9e91512a54d5aee66cd77851a96ba747
d6c46502d8e5f62c1af3c7fce334ac90
31e8fe57fa180d418afd48c3af280c2e
22b270622d739d81e131bec7a819e2fd
author_id_fullname_str_mv edca1c48f922393fa2b3cb84d8dc0e4a_***_Drew Riley
9e91512a54d5aee66cd77851a96ba747_***_Oskar Sandberg
d6c46502d8e5f62c1af3c7fce334ac90_***_Wei Li
31e8fe57fa180d418afd48c3af280c2e_***_Paul Meredith
22b270622d739d81e131bec7a819e2fd_***_Ardalan Armin
author Drew Riley
Oskar Sandberg
Wei Li
Paul Meredith
Ardalan Armin
author2 Drew Riley
Oskar Sandberg
Wei Li
Paul Meredith
Ardalan Armin
format Journal article
container_title Physical Review Applied
container_volume 17
container_issue 2
publishDate 2022
institution Swansea University
issn 2331-7019
doi_str_mv 10.1103/physrevapplied.17.024076
publisher American Physical Society (APS)
college_str Faculty of Science and Engineering
hierarchytype
hierarchy_top_id facultyofscienceandengineering
hierarchy_top_title Faculty of Science and Engineering
hierarchy_parent_id facultyofscienceandengineering
hierarchy_parent_title Faculty of Science and Engineering
department_str School of Biosciences, Geography and Physics - Physics{{{_:::_}}}Faculty of Science and Engineering{{{_:::_}}}School of Biosciences, Geography and Physics - Physics
document_store_str 1
active_str 0
description Exciton diffusion plays a decisive role in various organic optoelectronic applications, including lasing, photodiodes, light-emitting diodes, and solar cells. Understanding the role that exciton diffusion plays in organic solar cells is crucial to understanding the recent rise in power conversion efficiencies brought about by nonfullerene acceptor (NFA) molecules. Established methods for quantifying exciton diffusion lengths in organic semiconductors require specialized equipment designed for measuring high-resolution time-resolved photoluminescence (TRPL). In this paper we introduce an approach, named pulsed-photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY), to determine the diffusion length of excitons in organic semiconductors without any temporal measurements. Using a Monte Carlo model, the dynamics within a thin-film semiconductor are simulated and the results are analyzed using both pulsed-PLQY and TRPL methods. It is found that pulsed-PLQY has a larger operational window and depends less on the excitation fluence than the TRPL approach. The simulated results are validated experimentally on a well-understood organic semiconductor, after which pulsed-PLQY is used to evaluate the diffusion length in a variety of technologically relevant materials. It is found that the diffusion lengths in NFAs are much larger than in the benchmark fullerene and that this increase is driven by an increase in diffusivity. This result helps explain the high charge generation yield in low-offset state-of-the-art NFA solar cells.
published_date 2022-02-28T04:16:52Z
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