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Comparing the rate of weapon and ornament diversification / MEGAN WATTS

Swansea University Author: MEGAN WATTS

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Abstract

In some species in one sex, generally males, ornaments evolve to attract females and/or sexually selected weapons evolve as a response to intrasexual competition for mating opportunities. A key prediction of classic Darwin/Fisher/Lande sexual selection theory is that sexually selected ornaments shou...

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Published: Swansea 2022
Institution: Swansea University
Degree level: Master of Research
Degree name: MRes
Supervisor: Allen, William
URI: https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa59928
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first_indexed 2022-04-29T15:03:32Z
last_indexed 2022-04-30T03:30:57Z
id cronfa59928
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fullrecord <?xml version="1.0"?><rfc1807><datestamp>2022-04-29T16:33:31.7220160</datestamp><bib-version>v2</bib-version><id>59928</id><entry>2022-04-29</entry><title>Comparing the rate of weapon and ornament diversification</title><swanseaauthors><author><sid>d4290494956db3cc805f0212a2795c6a</sid><firstname>MEGAN</firstname><surname>WATTS</surname><name>MEGAN WATTS</name><active>true</active><ethesisStudent>false</ethesisStudent></author></swanseaauthors><date>2022-04-29</date><abstract>In some species in one sex, generally males, ornaments evolve to attract females and/or sexually selected weapons evolve as a response to intrasexual competition for mating opportunities. A key prediction of classic Darwin/Fisher/Lande sexual selection theory is that sexually selected ornaments should evolve faster than sexually selected weapons. As male ornaments and female preferences for particular ornamental traits coevolve, selection occurs in both males and females and a positive feedback loop potentially enhancing the rate of trait evolution can develop under the Fisher process (Fisherian runaway selection)In this thesis I measure the rate of trait evolution of many examples of weapons and ornaments to test this at a macroevolutionary scale. . I assembled data on weapon and ornament traits from 22 diverse animal taxa. Pairs of weapon and ornament datasets comprising closely related taxa were formed to control factors such as generation time that may influence the different rates between traits. Trait values were standardised and the rates were compared using recently developed phylogenetic analyses under both Brownian motion and Ornstein-Uhlenbeck evolutionary models. I found strong evidence under both models that ornaments have consistently evolved faster than weapons. This suggests that Fisherian runaway processes have broad influence on the evolution of sexually selected ornaments at macroevolutionary scales across diverse taxa.</abstract><type>E-Thesis</type><journal/><volume/><journalNumber/><paginationStart/><paginationEnd/><publisher/><placeOfPublication>Swansea</placeOfPublication><isbnPrint/><isbnElectronic/><issnPrint/><issnElectronic/><keywords>Evolution, diversification, sexual selection</keywords><publishedDay>27</publishedDay><publishedMonth>4</publishedMonth><publishedYear>2022</publishedYear><publishedDate>2022-04-27</publishedDate><doi/><url/><notes/><college>COLLEGE NANME</college><CollegeCode>COLLEGE CODE</CollegeCode><institution>Swansea University</institution><supervisor>Allen, William</supervisor><degreelevel>Master of Research</degreelevel><degreename>MRes</degreename><apcterm/><lastEdited>2022-04-29T16:33:31.7220160</lastEdited><Created>2022-04-29T15:51:59.4642683</Created><path><level id="1">Faculty of Science and Engineering</level><level id="2">School of Biosciences, Geography and Physics - Biosciences</level></path><authors><author><firstname>MEGAN</firstname><surname>WATTS</surname><order>1</order></author></authors><documents><document><filename>59928__23943__46d1cf59c72c4c15aecc4702a4e77dd0.pdf</filename><originalFilename>Watts_Megan_MRes_Thesis_Final_Redacted_Signature.pdf</originalFilename><uploaded>2022-04-29T16:18:14.2701793</uploaded><type>Output</type><contentLength>2206762</contentLength><contentType>application/pdf</contentType><version>E-Thesis &#x2013; open access</version><cronfaStatus>true</cronfaStatus><documentNotes>Copyright: The author, Megan Watts, 2022.</documentNotes><copyrightCorrect>true</copyrightCorrect><language>eng</language></document></documents><OutputDurs/></rfc1807>
spelling 2022-04-29T16:33:31.7220160 v2 59928 2022-04-29 Comparing the rate of weapon and ornament diversification d4290494956db3cc805f0212a2795c6a MEGAN WATTS MEGAN WATTS true false 2022-04-29 In some species in one sex, generally males, ornaments evolve to attract females and/or sexually selected weapons evolve as a response to intrasexual competition for mating opportunities. A key prediction of classic Darwin/Fisher/Lande sexual selection theory is that sexually selected ornaments should evolve faster than sexually selected weapons. As male ornaments and female preferences for particular ornamental traits coevolve, selection occurs in both males and females and a positive feedback loop potentially enhancing the rate of trait evolution can develop under the Fisher process (Fisherian runaway selection)In this thesis I measure the rate of trait evolution of many examples of weapons and ornaments to test this at a macroevolutionary scale. . I assembled data on weapon and ornament traits from 22 diverse animal taxa. Pairs of weapon and ornament datasets comprising closely related taxa were formed to control factors such as generation time that may influence the different rates between traits. Trait values were standardised and the rates were compared using recently developed phylogenetic analyses under both Brownian motion and Ornstein-Uhlenbeck evolutionary models. I found strong evidence under both models that ornaments have consistently evolved faster than weapons. This suggests that Fisherian runaway processes have broad influence on the evolution of sexually selected ornaments at macroevolutionary scales across diverse taxa. E-Thesis Swansea Evolution, diversification, sexual selection 27 4 2022 2022-04-27 COLLEGE NANME COLLEGE CODE Swansea University Allen, William Master of Research MRes 2022-04-29T16:33:31.7220160 2022-04-29T15:51:59.4642683 Faculty of Science and Engineering School of Biosciences, Geography and Physics - Biosciences MEGAN WATTS 1 59928__23943__46d1cf59c72c4c15aecc4702a4e77dd0.pdf Watts_Megan_MRes_Thesis_Final_Redacted_Signature.pdf 2022-04-29T16:18:14.2701793 Output 2206762 application/pdf E-Thesis – open access true Copyright: The author, Megan Watts, 2022. true eng
title Comparing the rate of weapon and ornament diversification
spellingShingle Comparing the rate of weapon and ornament diversification
MEGAN WATTS
title_short Comparing the rate of weapon and ornament diversification
title_full Comparing the rate of weapon and ornament diversification
title_fullStr Comparing the rate of weapon and ornament diversification
title_full_unstemmed Comparing the rate of weapon and ornament diversification
title_sort Comparing the rate of weapon and ornament diversification
author_id_str_mv d4290494956db3cc805f0212a2795c6a
author_id_fullname_str_mv d4290494956db3cc805f0212a2795c6a_***_MEGAN WATTS
author MEGAN WATTS
author2 MEGAN WATTS
format E-Thesis
publishDate 2022
institution Swansea University
college_str Faculty of Science and Engineering
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hierarchy_top_id facultyofscienceandengineering
hierarchy_top_title Faculty of Science and Engineering
hierarchy_parent_id facultyofscienceandengineering
hierarchy_parent_title Faculty of Science and Engineering
department_str School of Biosciences, Geography and Physics - Biosciences{{{_:::_}}}Faculty of Science and Engineering{{{_:::_}}}School of Biosciences, Geography and Physics - Biosciences
document_store_str 1
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description In some species in one sex, generally males, ornaments evolve to attract females and/or sexually selected weapons evolve as a response to intrasexual competition for mating opportunities. A key prediction of classic Darwin/Fisher/Lande sexual selection theory is that sexually selected ornaments should evolve faster than sexually selected weapons. As male ornaments and female preferences for particular ornamental traits coevolve, selection occurs in both males and females and a positive feedback loop potentially enhancing the rate of trait evolution can develop under the Fisher process (Fisherian runaway selection)In this thesis I measure the rate of trait evolution of many examples of weapons and ornaments to test this at a macroevolutionary scale. . I assembled data on weapon and ornament traits from 22 diverse animal taxa. Pairs of weapon and ornament datasets comprising closely related taxa were formed to control factors such as generation time that may influence the different rates between traits. Trait values were standardised and the rates were compared using recently developed phylogenetic analyses under both Brownian motion and Ornstein-Uhlenbeck evolutionary models. I found strong evidence under both models that ornaments have consistently evolved faster than weapons. This suggests that Fisherian runaway processes have broad influence on the evolution of sexually selected ornaments at macroevolutionary scales across diverse taxa.
published_date 2022-04-27T04:17:36Z
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score 11.036116

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