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Understanding the differences in energy levels between CH3NH3PbI3 and (CH3NH3)3Bi2I9 in darkness and under illumination using Kelvin probe measurements / ZUBIN PAREKH

Swansea University Author: ZUBIN PAREKH

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Abstract

Deployment of solar energy capacity to rural areas in developing countries requires a cheap and light-weight solar technology. If the solution to this is perovskite solar cells, the use of a lead-free perovskite will avoid toxicity hurdles. In this thesis, two perovskite absorber materials are inves...

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Published: Swansea 2020
Institution: Swansea University
Degree level: Master of Research
Degree name: MSc by Research
Supervisor: Jain, Sagar ; Davies, Matthew; Baikie, Iain
URI: https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa59930
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spelling 2022-04-29T17:03:22.6565008 v2 59930 2022-04-29 Understanding the differences in energy levels between CH3NH3PbI3 and (CH3NH3)3Bi2I9 in darkness and under illumination using Kelvin probe measurements 07219d0880718dd0b38e48caca5d4440 ZUBIN PAREKH ZUBIN PAREKH true false 2022-04-29 Deployment of solar energy capacity to rural areas in developing countries requires a cheap and light-weight solar technology. If the solution to this is perovskite solar cells, the use of a lead-free perovskite will avoid toxicity hurdles. In this thesis, two perovskite absorber materials are investigated for their differences in photovoltaic characteristics. Lead-free methylammonium bismuth iodide is analysed alongside methylammonium lead iodide using a range of Kelvin probe techniques. Both perovskite materials are characterised as thin-film photoactive layers deposited on top of fluorine-doped tin oxide glass substrates. Energy level measurement reveals that changing only the metal cation (switching lead with bismuth) completely tunes photo-induced behaviour of the perovskite. Spectroscopic data for surface photovoltage shows the fermi level of (CH3NH3)3Bi2I9 shifts above and below its dark position at different wavelengths of illumination. Under white light pulses, CH3NH3PbI3 performs better with a repeatable surface photovoltage of 250mV. In unique conditions of 500nm light at low intensity, (CH3NH3)3Bi2I9 generates the higher surface photovoltage with 120mV. These surface photovoltages represent the open-circuit voltage contribution from the absorber material. Both perovskites demonstrate that surface photovoltage remains unchanged after over 5 months of storage in a dark ambient environment. Although this is a very positive result, it is speculated that a poorer retention of surface photovoltage would arise if samples were exposed to light during storage. The measured bandgap of (CH3NH3)3Bi2I9 was 1.70eV, and the measured bandgap of CH3NH3PbI3 was 1.598eV. In general, the work provides useful comparative data between two perovskites and shows (CH3NH3)3Bi2I9 could have future applications as a photovoltaic device in monochromatic light conditions or with tandem cells. E-Thesis Swansea Work function, Kelvin probe, perovskite, solar cells 13 8 2020 2020-08-13 COLLEGE NANME COLLEGE CODE Swansea University Jain, Sagar ; Davies, Matthew; Baikie, Iain Master of Research MSc by Research KP Technology, European Social Fund 2022-04-29T17:03:22.6565008 2022-04-29T16:54:09.4693988 Faculty of Science and Engineering School of Engineering and Applied Sciences - Uncategorised ZUBIN PAREKH 1 59930__23949__69595eb84a9848b29b7ceb9758cdf5ef.pdf Parekh_Zubin_MRes_Research_Thesis_Final_Redacted_Signature.pdf 2022-04-29T17:03:08.1096805 Output 9368644 application/pdf E-Thesis – open access true Copyright: The author, Zubin F. Parekh, 2020. true eng
title Understanding the differences in energy levels between CH3NH3PbI3 and (CH3NH3)3Bi2I9 in darkness and under illumination using Kelvin probe measurements
spellingShingle Understanding the differences in energy levels between CH3NH3PbI3 and (CH3NH3)3Bi2I9 in darkness and under illumination using Kelvin probe measurements
ZUBIN PAREKH
title_short Understanding the differences in energy levels between CH3NH3PbI3 and (CH3NH3)3Bi2I9 in darkness and under illumination using Kelvin probe measurements
title_full Understanding the differences in energy levels between CH3NH3PbI3 and (CH3NH3)3Bi2I9 in darkness and under illumination using Kelvin probe measurements
title_fullStr Understanding the differences in energy levels between CH3NH3PbI3 and (CH3NH3)3Bi2I9 in darkness and under illumination using Kelvin probe measurements
title_full_unstemmed Understanding the differences in energy levels between CH3NH3PbI3 and (CH3NH3)3Bi2I9 in darkness and under illumination using Kelvin probe measurements
title_sort Understanding the differences in energy levels between CH3NH3PbI3 and (CH3NH3)3Bi2I9 in darkness and under illumination using Kelvin probe measurements
author_id_str_mv 07219d0880718dd0b38e48caca5d4440
author_id_fullname_str_mv 07219d0880718dd0b38e48caca5d4440_***_ZUBIN PAREKH
author ZUBIN PAREKH
author2 ZUBIN PAREKH
format E-Thesis
publishDate 2020
institution Swansea University
college_str Faculty of Science and Engineering
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hierarchy_top_id facultyofscienceandengineering
hierarchy_top_title Faculty of Science and Engineering
hierarchy_parent_id facultyofscienceandengineering
hierarchy_parent_title Faculty of Science and Engineering
department_str School of Engineering and Applied Sciences - Uncategorised{{{_:::_}}}Faculty of Science and Engineering{{{_:::_}}}School of Engineering and Applied Sciences - Uncategorised
document_store_str 1
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description Deployment of solar energy capacity to rural areas in developing countries requires a cheap and light-weight solar technology. If the solution to this is perovskite solar cells, the use of a lead-free perovskite will avoid toxicity hurdles. In this thesis, two perovskite absorber materials are investigated for their differences in photovoltaic characteristics. Lead-free methylammonium bismuth iodide is analysed alongside methylammonium lead iodide using a range of Kelvin probe techniques. Both perovskite materials are characterised as thin-film photoactive layers deposited on top of fluorine-doped tin oxide glass substrates. Energy level measurement reveals that changing only the metal cation (switching lead with bismuth) completely tunes photo-induced behaviour of the perovskite. Spectroscopic data for surface photovoltage shows the fermi level of (CH3NH3)3Bi2I9 shifts above and below its dark position at different wavelengths of illumination. Under white light pulses, CH3NH3PbI3 performs better with a repeatable surface photovoltage of 250mV. In unique conditions of 500nm light at low intensity, (CH3NH3)3Bi2I9 generates the higher surface photovoltage with 120mV. These surface photovoltages represent the open-circuit voltage contribution from the absorber material. Both perovskites demonstrate that surface photovoltage remains unchanged after over 5 months of storage in a dark ambient environment. Although this is a very positive result, it is speculated that a poorer retention of surface photovoltage would arise if samples were exposed to light during storage. The measured bandgap of (CH3NH3)3Bi2I9 was 1.70eV, and the measured bandgap of CH3NH3PbI3 was 1.598eV. In general, the work provides useful comparative data between two perovskites and shows (CH3NH3)3Bi2I9 could have future applications as a photovoltaic device in monochromatic light conditions or with tandem cells.
published_date 2020-08-13T04:17:36Z
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