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Effectiveness of Community Pharmacy Diabetes and Hypertension Care Program: An Unexplored Opportunity for Community Pharmacists in Pakistan

Madeeha Malik, Azhar Hussain, Usman Aslam, Ayisha Hashmi, Mojtaba Vaismoradi, Khezar Hayat, Shazia Jamshed

Frontiers in Pharmacology, Volume: 13

Swansea University Author: Mojtaba Vaismoradi

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DOI (Published version): 10.3389/fphar.2022.710617

Abstract

Background: The effective management of patients diagnosed with both Diabetes as well as Hypertension is linked with administration of efficacious pharmacological therapy as well as improvement in adherence through counseling and other strategies. Being a part of primary healthcare team, community p...

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Published in: Frontiers in Pharmacology
ISSN: 1663-9812
Published: Frontiers Media SA 2022
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URI: https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa60039
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fullrecord <?xml version="1.0"?><rfc1807><datestamp>2022-06-23T17:03:44.4000591</datestamp><bib-version>v2</bib-version><id>60039</id><entry>2022-05-17</entry><title>Effectiveness of Community Pharmacy Diabetes and Hypertension Care Program: An Unexplored Opportunity for Community Pharmacists in Pakistan</title><swanseaauthors><author><sid>b865b33654e99f5cbccdb11350f7b069</sid><firstname>Mojtaba</firstname><surname>Vaismoradi</surname><name>Mojtaba Vaismoradi</name><active>true</active><ethesisStudent>false</ethesisStudent></author></swanseaauthors><date>2022-05-17</date><deptcode>FGMHL</deptcode><abstract>Background: The effective management of patients diagnosed with both Diabetes as well as Hypertension is linked with administration of efficacious pharmacological therapy as well as improvement in adherence through counseling and other strategies. Being a part of primary healthcare team, community pharmacists can effectively provide patient care for chronic disease management. The objective of the study was to evaluate the impact of pharmacist counseling on blood pressure and blood glucose control among patients having both hypertension and diabetes attending community pharmacies in Pakistan.Method: A randomized, controlled, single-blind, pre-post-intervention study design was used. The respondents included patients diagnosed with diabetes mellitus (Type I or II) and hypertension visiting community pharmacies to purchase their regular medicine. A simple random sampling technique using the lottery method was used to select community pharmacies in groups A (intervention, n = 4) and group B (control, n = 4). The total number of patients was 40 in each group, while estimating a dropout rate of 25%. The patients in the intervention group received special counseling. Blood pressure and blood glucose were checked after every 15 days for 6 months. Prevalidated tools such as the hypertension knowledge level scale, the diabetes knowledge questionnaire 24, and a brief medication questionnaire was used. Data were coded and analyzed using SPSS 21. Wilcoxon test (p &lt; 0.05) was used to compare pre-post intervention knowledge regarding the disease, while the Mann-Whitney test (p &lt; 0.05) was used to find differences in medication adherence among control and intervention groups.Results: A significant improvement in mean knowledge scores of patients with diabetes (16.02 &#xB1;2.93 vs. 19.97 &#xB1;2.66) and hypertension (15.60 &#xB1;3.33 vs. 18.35 &#xB1;2.31) in the intervention group receiving counseling for 6 months than control group (p &lt; 0.05) was noted. Furthermore, the fasting blood glucose levels (8.25 &#xB1;1.45) and systolic BP (130.10 &#xB1;6.89) were significantly controlled after 6 months in the intervention group.Conclusion: The current study results concluded that community pharmacists&#x2019; counselling has a positive impact on blood glucose and blood pressure management among patients suffering with both diabetes and hypertension.</abstract><type>Journal Article</type><journal>Frontiers in Pharmacology</journal><volume>13</volume><journalNumber/><paginationStart/><paginationEnd/><publisher>Frontiers Media SA</publisher><placeOfPublication/><isbnPrint/><isbnElectronic/><issnPrint/><issnElectronic>1663-9812</issnElectronic><keywords>diabetes; hypertension; blood pressure; community pharmacist; Pakistan</keywords><publishedDay>17</publishedDay><publishedMonth>5</publishedMonth><publishedYear>2022</publishedYear><publishedDate>2022-05-17</publishedDate><doi>10.3389/fphar.2022.710617</doi><url/><notes/><college>COLLEGE NANME</college><department>Medicine, Health and Life Science - Faculty</department><CollegeCode>COLLEGE CODE</CollegeCode><DepartmentCode>FGMHL</DepartmentCode><institution>Swansea University</institution><apcterm>Not Required</apcterm><lastEdited>2022-06-23T17:03:44.4000591</lastEdited><Created>2022-05-17T10:26:53.8261176</Created><path><level id="1">Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences</level><level id="2">School of Health and Social Care - Nursing</level></path><authors><author><firstname>Madeeha</firstname><surname>Malik</surname><order>1</order></author><author><firstname>Azhar</firstname><surname>Hussain</surname><order>2</order></author><author><firstname>Usman</firstname><surname>Aslam</surname><order>3</order></author><author><firstname>Ayisha</firstname><surname>Hashmi</surname><order>4</order></author><author><firstname>Mojtaba</firstname><surname>Vaismoradi</surname><order>5</order></author><author><firstname>Khezar</firstname><surname>Hayat</surname><order>6</order></author><author><firstname>Shazia</firstname><surname>Jamshed</surname><order>7</order></author></authors><documents><document><filename>60039__24103__7f8cfb6baac7452b98ace5e1231f6fa1.pdf</filename><originalFilename>fphar-13-710617.pdf</originalFilename><uploaded>2022-05-17T10:30:48.6857956</uploaded><type>Output</type><contentLength>633170</contentLength><contentType>application/pdf</contentType><version>Version of Record</version><cronfaStatus>true</cronfaStatus><documentNotes>Copyright &#xA9; 2022 Malik, Hussain, Aslam, Hashmi, Vaismoradi, Hayat and Jamshed. 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spelling 2022-06-23T17:03:44.4000591 v2 60039 2022-05-17 Effectiveness of Community Pharmacy Diabetes and Hypertension Care Program: An Unexplored Opportunity for Community Pharmacists in Pakistan b865b33654e99f5cbccdb11350f7b069 Mojtaba Vaismoradi Mojtaba Vaismoradi true false 2022-05-17 FGMHL Background: The effective management of patients diagnosed with both Diabetes as well as Hypertension is linked with administration of efficacious pharmacological therapy as well as improvement in adherence through counseling and other strategies. Being a part of primary healthcare team, community pharmacists can effectively provide patient care for chronic disease management. The objective of the study was to evaluate the impact of pharmacist counseling on blood pressure and blood glucose control among patients having both hypertension and diabetes attending community pharmacies in Pakistan.Method: A randomized, controlled, single-blind, pre-post-intervention study design was used. The respondents included patients diagnosed with diabetes mellitus (Type I or II) and hypertension visiting community pharmacies to purchase their regular medicine. A simple random sampling technique using the lottery method was used to select community pharmacies in groups A (intervention, n = 4) and group B (control, n = 4). The total number of patients was 40 in each group, while estimating a dropout rate of 25%. The patients in the intervention group received special counseling. Blood pressure and blood glucose were checked after every 15 days for 6 months. Prevalidated tools such as the hypertension knowledge level scale, the diabetes knowledge questionnaire 24, and a brief medication questionnaire was used. Data were coded and analyzed using SPSS 21. Wilcoxon test (p < 0.05) was used to compare pre-post intervention knowledge regarding the disease, while the Mann-Whitney test (p < 0.05) was used to find differences in medication adherence among control and intervention groups.Results: A significant improvement in mean knowledge scores of patients with diabetes (16.02 ±2.93 vs. 19.97 ±2.66) and hypertension (15.60 ±3.33 vs. 18.35 ±2.31) in the intervention group receiving counseling for 6 months than control group (p < 0.05) was noted. Furthermore, the fasting blood glucose levels (8.25 ±1.45) and systolic BP (130.10 ±6.89) were significantly controlled after 6 months in the intervention group.Conclusion: The current study results concluded that community pharmacists’ counselling has a positive impact on blood glucose and blood pressure management among patients suffering with both diabetes and hypertension. Journal Article Frontiers in Pharmacology 13 Frontiers Media SA 1663-9812 diabetes; hypertension; blood pressure; community pharmacist; Pakistan 17 5 2022 2022-05-17 10.3389/fphar.2022.710617 COLLEGE NANME Medicine, Health and Life Science - Faculty COLLEGE CODE FGMHL Swansea University Not Required 2022-06-23T17:03:44.4000591 2022-05-17T10:26:53.8261176 Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences School of Health and Social Care - Nursing Madeeha Malik 1 Azhar Hussain 2 Usman Aslam 3 Ayisha Hashmi 4 Mojtaba Vaismoradi 5 Khezar Hayat 6 Shazia Jamshed 7 60039__24103__7f8cfb6baac7452b98ace5e1231f6fa1.pdf fphar-13-710617.pdf 2022-05-17T10:30:48.6857956 Output 633170 application/pdf Version of Record true Copyright © 2022 Malik, Hussain, Aslam, Hashmi, Vaismoradi, Hayat and Jamshed. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY) true eng https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
title Effectiveness of Community Pharmacy Diabetes and Hypertension Care Program: An Unexplored Opportunity for Community Pharmacists in Pakistan
spellingShingle Effectiveness of Community Pharmacy Diabetes and Hypertension Care Program: An Unexplored Opportunity for Community Pharmacists in Pakistan
Mojtaba Vaismoradi
title_short Effectiveness of Community Pharmacy Diabetes and Hypertension Care Program: An Unexplored Opportunity for Community Pharmacists in Pakistan
title_full Effectiveness of Community Pharmacy Diabetes and Hypertension Care Program: An Unexplored Opportunity for Community Pharmacists in Pakistan
title_fullStr Effectiveness of Community Pharmacy Diabetes and Hypertension Care Program: An Unexplored Opportunity for Community Pharmacists in Pakistan
title_full_unstemmed Effectiveness of Community Pharmacy Diabetes and Hypertension Care Program: An Unexplored Opportunity for Community Pharmacists in Pakistan
title_sort Effectiveness of Community Pharmacy Diabetes and Hypertension Care Program: An Unexplored Opportunity for Community Pharmacists in Pakistan
author_id_str_mv b865b33654e99f5cbccdb11350f7b069
author_id_fullname_str_mv b865b33654e99f5cbccdb11350f7b069_***_Mojtaba Vaismoradi
author Mojtaba Vaismoradi
author2 Madeeha Malik
Azhar Hussain
Usman Aslam
Ayisha Hashmi
Mojtaba Vaismoradi
Khezar Hayat
Shazia Jamshed
format Journal article
container_title Frontiers in Pharmacology
container_volume 13
publishDate 2022
institution Swansea University
issn 1663-9812
doi_str_mv 10.3389/fphar.2022.710617
publisher Frontiers Media SA
college_str Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences
hierarchytype
hierarchy_top_id facultyofmedicinehealthandlifesciences
hierarchy_top_title Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences
hierarchy_parent_id facultyofmedicinehealthandlifesciences
hierarchy_parent_title Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences
department_str School of Health and Social Care - Nursing{{{_:::_}}}Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences{{{_:::_}}}School of Health and Social Care - Nursing
document_store_str 1
active_str 0
description Background: The effective management of patients diagnosed with both Diabetes as well as Hypertension is linked with administration of efficacious pharmacological therapy as well as improvement in adherence through counseling and other strategies. Being a part of primary healthcare team, community pharmacists can effectively provide patient care for chronic disease management. The objective of the study was to evaluate the impact of pharmacist counseling on blood pressure and blood glucose control among patients having both hypertension and diabetes attending community pharmacies in Pakistan.Method: A randomized, controlled, single-blind, pre-post-intervention study design was used. The respondents included patients diagnosed with diabetes mellitus (Type I or II) and hypertension visiting community pharmacies to purchase their regular medicine. A simple random sampling technique using the lottery method was used to select community pharmacies in groups A (intervention, n = 4) and group B (control, n = 4). The total number of patients was 40 in each group, while estimating a dropout rate of 25%. The patients in the intervention group received special counseling. Blood pressure and blood glucose were checked after every 15 days for 6 months. Prevalidated tools such as the hypertension knowledge level scale, the diabetes knowledge questionnaire 24, and a brief medication questionnaire was used. Data were coded and analyzed using SPSS 21. Wilcoxon test (p < 0.05) was used to compare pre-post intervention knowledge regarding the disease, while the Mann-Whitney test (p < 0.05) was used to find differences in medication adherence among control and intervention groups.Results: A significant improvement in mean knowledge scores of patients with diabetes (16.02 ±2.93 vs. 19.97 ±2.66) and hypertension (15.60 ±3.33 vs. 18.35 ±2.31) in the intervention group receiving counseling for 6 months than control group (p < 0.05) was noted. Furthermore, the fasting blood glucose levels (8.25 ±1.45) and systolic BP (130.10 ±6.89) were significantly controlled after 6 months in the intervention group.Conclusion: The current study results concluded that community pharmacists’ counselling has a positive impact on blood glucose and blood pressure management among patients suffering with both diabetes and hypertension.
published_date 2022-05-17T04:17:48Z
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score 11.016235

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