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Population birth outcomes in 2020 and experiences of expectant mothers during the COVID-19 pandemic: A ‘born in Wales’ mixed methods study using routine data

Hope Jones, Mike Seaborne Orcid Logo, Laura Cowley, David Odd, Shantini Paranjothy, Ashley Akbari Orcid Logo, Sinead Brophy Orcid Logo

PLOS ONE, Volume: 17, Issue: 5, Start page: e0267176

Swansea University Authors: Hope Jones, Mike Seaborne Orcid Logo, Laura Cowley, Ashley Akbari Orcid Logo, Sinead Brophy Orcid Logo

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DOI (Published version): 10.1371/journal.pone.0267176

Abstract

BackgroundPregnancy can be a stressful time and the COVID-19 pandemic has affected all aspects of life. This study aims to investigate the pandemic impact on pregnancy experience, rates of primary childhood immunisations and the differences in birth outcomes in during 2020 to those of previous years...

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ISSN: 1932-6203
Published: Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2022
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fullrecord <?xml version="1.0"?><rfc1807><datestamp>2022-07-07T12:35:24.8885954</datestamp><bib-version>v2</bib-version><id>60271</id><entry>2022-06-18</entry><title>Population birth outcomes in 2020 and experiences of expectant mothers during the COVID-19 pandemic: A &#x2018;born in Wales&#x2019; mixed methods study using routine data</title><swanseaauthors><author><sid>3fbf9b2f03a3a8f507dd35e9068bd485</sid><firstname>Hope</firstname><surname>Jones</surname><name>Hope Jones</name><active>true</active><ethesisStudent>false</ethesisStudent></author><author><sid>fcc7ece0f04577ad5f283b00dd7f52cf</sid><ORCID>0000-0002-4921-7556</ORCID><firstname>Mike</firstname><surname>Seaborne</surname><name>Mike Seaborne</name><active>true</active><ethesisStudent>false</ethesisStudent></author><author><sid>a80501f280e89fee276510b25fc68e77</sid><firstname>Laura</firstname><surname>Cowley</surname><name>Laura Cowley</name><active>true</active><ethesisStudent>false</ethesisStudent></author><author><sid>aa1b025ec0243f708bb5eb0a93d6fb52</sid><ORCID>0000-0003-0814-0801</ORCID><firstname>Ashley</firstname><surname>Akbari</surname><name>Ashley Akbari</name><active>true</active><ethesisStudent>false</ethesisStudent></author><author><sid>84f5661b35a729f55047f9e793d8798b</sid><ORCID>0000-0001-7417-2858</ORCID><firstname>Sinead</firstname><surname>Brophy</surname><name>Sinead Brophy</name><active>true</active><ethesisStudent>false</ethesisStudent></author></swanseaauthors><date>2022-06-18</date><deptcode>HDAT</deptcode><abstract>BackgroundPregnancy can be a stressful time and the COVID-19 pandemic has affected all aspects of life. This study aims to investigate the pandemic impact on pregnancy experience, rates of primary childhood immunisations and the differences in birth outcomes in during 2020 to those of previous years.MethodsSelf-reported pregnancy experience: 215 expectant mothers (aged 16+) in Wales completed an online survey about their experiences of pregnancy during the pandemic. The qualitative survey data was analysed using codebook thematic analysis. Population-level birth outcomes in Wales: Stillbirths, prematurity, birth weight and Caesarean section births before (2016&#x2013;2019) and during (2020) the pandemic were compared using anonymised individual-level, population-scale routine data held in the Secure Anonymised Information Linkage (SAIL) Databank. Uptake of the first three scheduled primary childhood immunisations were compared between 2019 and 2020.FindingsThe pandemic had a negative impact on the mental health of 71% of survey respondents, who reported anxiety, stress and loneliness; this was associated with attending scans without their partner, giving birth alone, and minimal contact with midwives. There was no significant difference in annual outcomes including gestation and birth weight, stillbirths, and Caesarean sections for infants born in 2020 compared to 2016&#x2013;2019. There was an increase in late term births (&#x2265;42 weeks gestation) during the first lockdown (OR: 1.28, p = 0.019) and a decrease in moderate to late preterm births (32&#x2013;36 weeks gestation) during the second lockdown (OR: 0.74, p = 0.001). Fewer babies were born in 2020 (N = 29,031) compared to 2016&#x2013;2019 (average N = 32,582). All babies received their immunisations in 2020, but there were minor delays in the timings of immunisations. Those due at 8-weeks were 8% less likely to be on time (within 28-days) and at 16-weeks, they were 19% less likely to be on time.InterpretationWhilst the pandemic had a negative impact on mothers&#x2019; experiences of pregnancy. Population-level data suggests that this did not translate to adverse birth outcomes for babies born during the pandemic.</abstract><type>Journal Article</type><journal>PLOS ONE</journal><volume>17</volume><journalNumber>5</journalNumber><paginationStart>e0267176</paginationStart><paginationEnd/><publisher>Public Library of Science (PLoS)</publisher><placeOfPublication/><isbnPrint/><isbnElectronic/><issnPrint/><issnElectronic>1932-6203</issnElectronic><keywords/><publishedDay>24</publishedDay><publishedMonth>5</publishedMonth><publishedYear>2022</publishedYear><publishedDate>2022-05-24</publishedDate><doi>10.1371/journal.pone.0267176</doi><url/><notes>The datasets supporting conclusions from this article are available via the Secure Anonymised Information Linkage (SAIL) databank, which is part of the national e-health records infrastructure for Wales. The supporting information document lists the data sources from the SAIL databank. For further information on the SAIL databank and enquiries in how to access the data, please visit the SAIL website (http://www.saildatabank.com). The HDRUK Innovation Gateway (www.healthdatagateway.org) holds all the datasets and provides information on how to access them. It is a TRE trusted third party which enables access to the data. For more information about gaining access to SAIL please visit saildatabank.com/applicationprocess/. The data from the survey is being uploaded into SAIL when we get to 500 responses so it will be accessible through SAIL in the same was as mentioned above. The findings can be replicated in their entirety by directly obtaining the data from SAIL and following the protocol in the methods section. The authors did not have any special access privileges that others would not have.</notes><college>COLLEGE NANME</college><department>Health Data Science</department><CollegeCode>COLLEGE CODE</CollegeCode><DepartmentCode>HDAT</DepartmentCode><institution>Swansea University</institution><apcterm/><funders>This research has been supported by the ADR Wales programme of work; Health Data Research UK</funders><lastEdited>2022-07-07T12:35:24.8885954</lastEdited><Created>2022-06-18T10:36:55.3813831</Created><path><level id="1">Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences</level><level id="2">Swansea University Medical School - Medicine</level></path><authors><author><firstname>Hope</firstname><surname>Jones</surname><order>1</order></author><author><firstname>Mike</firstname><surname>Seaborne</surname><orcid>0000-0002-4921-7556</orcid><order>2</order></author><author><firstname>Laura</firstname><surname>Cowley</surname><order>3</order></author><author><firstname>David</firstname><surname>Odd</surname><order>4</order></author><author><firstname>Shantini</firstname><surname>Paranjothy</surname><order>5</order></author><author><firstname>Ashley</firstname><surname>Akbari</surname><orcid>0000-0003-0814-0801</orcid><order>6</order></author><author><firstname>Sinead</firstname><surname>Brophy</surname><orcid>0000-0001-7417-2858</orcid><order>7</order></author></authors><documents><document><filename>60271__24478__69ade899f0214a58a6d13de837940f34.pdf</filename><originalFilename>60271_VoR.pdf</originalFilename><uploaded>2022-07-07T12:33:12.3063758</uploaded><type>Output</type><contentLength>1357457</contentLength><contentType>application/pdf</contentType><version>Version of Record</version><cronfaStatus>true</cronfaStatus><documentNotes>&#xA9; 2022 Jones et al. 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spelling 2022-07-07T12:35:24.8885954 v2 60271 2022-06-18 Population birth outcomes in 2020 and experiences of expectant mothers during the COVID-19 pandemic: A ‘born in Wales’ mixed methods study using routine data 3fbf9b2f03a3a8f507dd35e9068bd485 Hope Jones Hope Jones true false fcc7ece0f04577ad5f283b00dd7f52cf 0000-0002-4921-7556 Mike Seaborne Mike Seaborne true false a80501f280e89fee276510b25fc68e77 Laura Cowley Laura Cowley true false aa1b025ec0243f708bb5eb0a93d6fb52 0000-0003-0814-0801 Ashley Akbari Ashley Akbari true false 84f5661b35a729f55047f9e793d8798b 0000-0001-7417-2858 Sinead Brophy Sinead Brophy true false 2022-06-18 HDAT BackgroundPregnancy can be a stressful time and the COVID-19 pandemic has affected all aspects of life. This study aims to investigate the pandemic impact on pregnancy experience, rates of primary childhood immunisations and the differences in birth outcomes in during 2020 to those of previous years.MethodsSelf-reported pregnancy experience: 215 expectant mothers (aged 16+) in Wales completed an online survey about their experiences of pregnancy during the pandemic. The qualitative survey data was analysed using codebook thematic analysis. Population-level birth outcomes in Wales: Stillbirths, prematurity, birth weight and Caesarean section births before (2016–2019) and during (2020) the pandemic were compared using anonymised individual-level, population-scale routine data held in the Secure Anonymised Information Linkage (SAIL) Databank. Uptake of the first three scheduled primary childhood immunisations were compared between 2019 and 2020.FindingsThe pandemic had a negative impact on the mental health of 71% of survey respondents, who reported anxiety, stress and loneliness; this was associated with attending scans without their partner, giving birth alone, and minimal contact with midwives. There was no significant difference in annual outcomes including gestation and birth weight, stillbirths, and Caesarean sections for infants born in 2020 compared to 2016–2019. There was an increase in late term births (≥42 weeks gestation) during the first lockdown (OR: 1.28, p = 0.019) and a decrease in moderate to late preterm births (32–36 weeks gestation) during the second lockdown (OR: 0.74, p = 0.001). Fewer babies were born in 2020 (N = 29,031) compared to 2016–2019 (average N = 32,582). All babies received their immunisations in 2020, but there were minor delays in the timings of immunisations. Those due at 8-weeks were 8% less likely to be on time (within 28-days) and at 16-weeks, they were 19% less likely to be on time.InterpretationWhilst the pandemic had a negative impact on mothers’ experiences of pregnancy. Population-level data suggests that this did not translate to adverse birth outcomes for babies born during the pandemic. Journal Article PLOS ONE 17 5 e0267176 Public Library of Science (PLoS) 1932-6203 24 5 2022 2022-05-24 10.1371/journal.pone.0267176 The datasets supporting conclusions from this article are available via the Secure Anonymised Information Linkage (SAIL) databank, which is part of the national e-health records infrastructure for Wales. The supporting information document lists the data sources from the SAIL databank. For further information on the SAIL databank and enquiries in how to access the data, please visit the SAIL website (http://www.saildatabank.com). The HDRUK Innovation Gateway (www.healthdatagateway.org) holds all the datasets and provides information on how to access them. It is a TRE trusted third party which enables access to the data. For more information about gaining access to SAIL please visit saildatabank.com/applicationprocess/. The data from the survey is being uploaded into SAIL when we get to 500 responses so it will be accessible through SAIL in the same was as mentioned above. The findings can be replicated in their entirety by directly obtaining the data from SAIL and following the protocol in the methods section. The authors did not have any special access privileges that others would not have. COLLEGE NANME Health Data Science COLLEGE CODE HDAT Swansea University This research has been supported by the ADR Wales programme of work; Health Data Research UK 2022-07-07T12:35:24.8885954 2022-06-18T10:36:55.3813831 Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences Swansea University Medical School - Medicine Hope Jones 1 Mike Seaborne 0000-0002-4921-7556 2 Laura Cowley 3 David Odd 4 Shantini Paranjothy 5 Ashley Akbari 0000-0003-0814-0801 6 Sinead Brophy 0000-0001-7417-2858 7 60271__24478__69ade899f0214a58a6d13de837940f34.pdf 60271_VoR.pdf 2022-07-07T12:33:12.3063758 Output 1357457 application/pdf Version of Record true © 2022 Jones et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License true eng http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
title Population birth outcomes in 2020 and experiences of expectant mothers during the COVID-19 pandemic: A ‘born in Wales’ mixed methods study using routine data
spellingShingle Population birth outcomes in 2020 and experiences of expectant mothers during the COVID-19 pandemic: A ‘born in Wales’ mixed methods study using routine data
Hope Jones
Mike Seaborne
Laura Cowley
Ashley Akbari
Sinead Brophy
title_short Population birth outcomes in 2020 and experiences of expectant mothers during the COVID-19 pandemic: A ‘born in Wales’ mixed methods study using routine data
title_full Population birth outcomes in 2020 and experiences of expectant mothers during the COVID-19 pandemic: A ‘born in Wales’ mixed methods study using routine data
title_fullStr Population birth outcomes in 2020 and experiences of expectant mothers during the COVID-19 pandemic: A ‘born in Wales’ mixed methods study using routine data
title_full_unstemmed Population birth outcomes in 2020 and experiences of expectant mothers during the COVID-19 pandemic: A ‘born in Wales’ mixed methods study using routine data
title_sort Population birth outcomes in 2020 and experiences of expectant mothers during the COVID-19 pandemic: A ‘born in Wales’ mixed methods study using routine data
author_id_str_mv 3fbf9b2f03a3a8f507dd35e9068bd485
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84f5661b35a729f55047f9e793d8798b
author_id_fullname_str_mv 3fbf9b2f03a3a8f507dd35e9068bd485_***_Hope Jones
fcc7ece0f04577ad5f283b00dd7f52cf_***_Mike Seaborne
a80501f280e89fee276510b25fc68e77_***_Laura Cowley
aa1b025ec0243f708bb5eb0a93d6fb52_***_Ashley Akbari
84f5661b35a729f55047f9e793d8798b_***_Sinead Brophy
author Hope Jones
Mike Seaborne
Laura Cowley
Ashley Akbari
Sinead Brophy
author2 Hope Jones
Mike Seaborne
Laura Cowley
David Odd
Shantini Paranjothy
Ashley Akbari
Sinead Brophy
format Journal article
container_title PLOS ONE
container_volume 17
container_issue 5
container_start_page e0267176
publishDate 2022
institution Swansea University
issn 1932-6203
doi_str_mv 10.1371/journal.pone.0267176
publisher Public Library of Science (PLoS)
college_str Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences
hierarchytype
hierarchy_top_id facultyofmedicinehealthandlifesciences
hierarchy_top_title Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences
hierarchy_parent_id facultyofmedicinehealthandlifesciences
hierarchy_parent_title Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences
department_str Swansea University Medical School - Medicine{{{_:::_}}}Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences{{{_:::_}}}Swansea University Medical School - Medicine
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description BackgroundPregnancy can be a stressful time and the COVID-19 pandemic has affected all aspects of life. This study aims to investigate the pandemic impact on pregnancy experience, rates of primary childhood immunisations and the differences in birth outcomes in during 2020 to those of previous years.MethodsSelf-reported pregnancy experience: 215 expectant mothers (aged 16+) in Wales completed an online survey about their experiences of pregnancy during the pandemic. The qualitative survey data was analysed using codebook thematic analysis. Population-level birth outcomes in Wales: Stillbirths, prematurity, birth weight and Caesarean section births before (2016–2019) and during (2020) the pandemic were compared using anonymised individual-level, population-scale routine data held in the Secure Anonymised Information Linkage (SAIL) Databank. Uptake of the first three scheduled primary childhood immunisations were compared between 2019 and 2020.FindingsThe pandemic had a negative impact on the mental health of 71% of survey respondents, who reported anxiety, stress and loneliness; this was associated with attending scans without their partner, giving birth alone, and minimal contact with midwives. There was no significant difference in annual outcomes including gestation and birth weight, stillbirths, and Caesarean sections for infants born in 2020 compared to 2016–2019. There was an increase in late term births (≥42 weeks gestation) during the first lockdown (OR: 1.28, p = 0.019) and a decrease in moderate to late preterm births (32–36 weeks gestation) during the second lockdown (OR: 0.74, p = 0.001). Fewer babies were born in 2020 (N = 29,031) compared to 2016–2019 (average N = 32,582). All babies received their immunisations in 2020, but there were minor delays in the timings of immunisations. Those due at 8-weeks were 8% less likely to be on time (within 28-days) and at 16-weeks, they were 19% less likely to be on time.InterpretationWhilst the pandemic had a negative impact on mothers’ experiences of pregnancy. Population-level data suggests that this did not translate to adverse birth outcomes for babies born during the pandemic.
published_date 2022-05-24T04:18:15Z
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