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A state level analyses of suicide and the COVID-19 pandemic in Mexico

G. Borges, J. A. Garcia, J. Pirkis, M. J. Spittal, D. Gunnell, M. Sinyor, Ann John Orcid Logo

BMC Psychiatry, Volume: 22, Issue: 1

Swansea University Author: Ann John Orcid Logo

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DOI (Published version): 10.1186/s12888-022-04095-8

Abstract

BackgroundWhile suicide rates in high- and middle-income countries appeared stable in the early stages of the pandemic, we know little about within-country variations. We sought to investigate the impact of COVID-19 on suicide in Mexico’s 32 states and to identify factors that may have contributed t...

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Published in: BMC Psychiatry
ISSN: 1471-244X
Published: Springer Science and Business Media LLC 2022
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URI: https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa61151
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fullrecord <?xml version="1.0"?><rfc1807 xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"><datestamp>2022-10-06T17:12:22.2067807</datestamp><bib-version>v2</bib-version><id>61151</id><entry>2022-09-06</entry><title>A state level analyses of suicide and the COVID-19 pandemic in Mexico</title><swanseaauthors><author><sid>ed8a9c37bd7b7235b762d941ef18ee55</sid><ORCID>0000-0002-5657-6995</ORCID><firstname>Ann</firstname><surname>John</surname><name>Ann John</name><active>true</active><ethesisStudent>false</ethesisStudent></author></swanseaauthors><date>2022-09-06</date><deptcode>HDAT</deptcode><abstract>BackgroundWhile suicide rates in high- and middle-income countries appeared stable in the early stages of the pandemic, we know little about within-country variations. We sought to investigate the impact of COVID-19 on suicide in Mexico&#x2019;s 32 states and to identify factors that may have contributed to observed variations between states.MethodsInterrupted time-series analysis to model the trend in monthly suicides before COVID-19 (from Jan 1, 2010, to March 31, 2020), comparing the expected number of suicides derived from the model with the observed number for the remainder of the year (April 1 to December 31, 2020) for each of Mexico&#x2019;s 32 states. Next, we modeled state-level trends using linear regression to study likely contributing factors at ecological level.ResultsSuicide increased slightly across Mexico during the first nine months of the pandemic (RR 1.03; 95%CI 1.01&#x2013;1.05). Suicides remained stable in 19 states, increase in seven states (RR range: 1.12&#x2013;2.04) and a decrease in six states (RR range: 0.46&#x2013;0.88). Suicide RR at the state level was positively associated with population density in 2020 and state level suicide death rate in 2019.ConclusionsThe COVID-19 pandemic had a differential effect on suicide death within the 32 states of Mexico. Higher population density and higher suicide rates in 2019 were associated with increased suicide. As the country struggles to cope with the ongoing pandemic, efforts to improve access to primary care and mental health care services (including suicide crisis intervention services) in these settings should be given priority.</abstract><type>Journal Article</type><journal>BMC Psychiatry</journal><volume>22</volume><journalNumber>1</journalNumber><paginationStart/><paginationEnd/><publisher>Springer Science and Business Media LLC</publisher><placeOfPublication/><isbnPrint/><isbnElectronic/><issnPrint/><issnElectronic>1471-244X</issnElectronic><keywords>Suicide, Mexico, COVID-19, Epidemiology</keywords><publishedDay>9</publishedDay><publishedMonth>7</publishedMonth><publishedYear>2022</publishedYear><publishedDate>2022-07-09</publishedDate><doi>10.1186/s12888-022-04095-8</doi><url/><notes/><college>COLLEGE NANME</college><department>Health Data Science</department><CollegeCode>COLLEGE CODE</CollegeCode><DepartmentCode>HDAT</DepartmentCode><institution>Swansea University</institution><apcterm>Not Required</apcterm><funders>No funding was used for this manuscript.</funders><projectreference/><lastEdited>2022-10-06T17:12:22.2067807</lastEdited><Created>2022-09-06T22:46:15.1852590</Created><path><level id="1">Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences</level><level id="2">Swansea University Medical School - Medicine</level></path><authors><author><firstname>G.</firstname><surname>Borges</surname><order>1</order></author><author><firstname>J. A.</firstname><surname>Garcia</surname><order>2</order></author><author><firstname>J.</firstname><surname>Pirkis</surname><order>3</order></author><author><firstname>M. J.</firstname><surname>Spittal</surname><order>4</order></author><author><firstname>D.</firstname><surname>Gunnell</surname><order>5</order></author><author><firstname>M.</firstname><surname>Sinyor</surname><order>6</order></author><author><firstname>Ann</firstname><surname>John</surname><orcid>0000-0002-5657-6995</orcid><order>7</order></author></authors><documents><document><filename>61151__25341__d751e982bb544a83b80112126d100cdb.pdf</filename><originalFilename>61151_VoR.pdf</originalFilename><uploaded>2022-10-06T17:11:07.4512652</uploaded><type>Output</type><contentLength>1578592</contentLength><contentType>application/pdf</contentType><version>Version of Record</version><cronfaStatus>true</cronfaStatus><documentNotes>&#xA9; The Author(s) 2022. Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</documentNotes><copyrightCorrect>true</copyrightCorrect><language>eng</language><licence>http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</licence></document></documents><OutputDurs><OutputDur><Id>122</Id><DataControllerName>guiherme borges</DataControllerName><IsDataAvailableOnline xsi:nil="true"/><DataNotAvailableOnlineReasonId xsi:nil="true"/><IsDurRestrictions xsi:nil="true"/><DurRestrictionReasonId xsi:nil="true"/><DurEmbargoDate xsi:nil="true"/></OutputDur></OutputDurs></rfc1807>
spelling 2022-10-06T17:12:22.2067807 v2 61151 2022-09-06 A state level analyses of suicide and the COVID-19 pandemic in Mexico ed8a9c37bd7b7235b762d941ef18ee55 0000-0002-5657-6995 Ann John Ann John true false 2022-09-06 HDAT BackgroundWhile suicide rates in high- and middle-income countries appeared stable in the early stages of the pandemic, we know little about within-country variations. We sought to investigate the impact of COVID-19 on suicide in Mexico’s 32 states and to identify factors that may have contributed to observed variations between states.MethodsInterrupted time-series analysis to model the trend in monthly suicides before COVID-19 (from Jan 1, 2010, to March 31, 2020), comparing the expected number of suicides derived from the model with the observed number for the remainder of the year (April 1 to December 31, 2020) for each of Mexico’s 32 states. Next, we modeled state-level trends using linear regression to study likely contributing factors at ecological level.ResultsSuicide increased slightly across Mexico during the first nine months of the pandemic (RR 1.03; 95%CI 1.01–1.05). Suicides remained stable in 19 states, increase in seven states (RR range: 1.12–2.04) and a decrease in six states (RR range: 0.46–0.88). Suicide RR at the state level was positively associated with population density in 2020 and state level suicide death rate in 2019.ConclusionsThe COVID-19 pandemic had a differential effect on suicide death within the 32 states of Mexico. Higher population density and higher suicide rates in 2019 were associated with increased suicide. As the country struggles to cope with the ongoing pandemic, efforts to improve access to primary care and mental health care services (including suicide crisis intervention services) in these settings should be given priority. Journal Article BMC Psychiatry 22 1 Springer Science and Business Media LLC 1471-244X Suicide, Mexico, COVID-19, Epidemiology 9 7 2022 2022-07-09 10.1186/s12888-022-04095-8 COLLEGE NANME Health Data Science COLLEGE CODE HDAT Swansea University Not Required No funding was used for this manuscript. 2022-10-06T17:12:22.2067807 2022-09-06T22:46:15.1852590 Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences Swansea University Medical School - Medicine G. Borges 1 J. A. Garcia 2 J. Pirkis 3 M. J. Spittal 4 D. Gunnell 5 M. Sinyor 6 Ann John 0000-0002-5657-6995 7 61151__25341__d751e982bb544a83b80112126d100cdb.pdf 61151_VoR.pdf 2022-10-06T17:11:07.4512652 Output 1578592 application/pdf Version of Record true © The Author(s) 2022. Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License true eng http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ 122 guiherme borges
title A state level analyses of suicide and the COVID-19 pandemic in Mexico
spellingShingle A state level analyses of suicide and the COVID-19 pandemic in Mexico
Ann John
title_short A state level analyses of suicide and the COVID-19 pandemic in Mexico
title_full A state level analyses of suicide and the COVID-19 pandemic in Mexico
title_fullStr A state level analyses of suicide and the COVID-19 pandemic in Mexico
title_full_unstemmed A state level analyses of suicide and the COVID-19 pandemic in Mexico
title_sort A state level analyses of suicide and the COVID-19 pandemic in Mexico
author_id_str_mv ed8a9c37bd7b7235b762d941ef18ee55
author_id_fullname_str_mv ed8a9c37bd7b7235b762d941ef18ee55_***_Ann John
author Ann John
author2 G. Borges
J. A. Garcia
J. Pirkis
M. J. Spittal
D. Gunnell
M. Sinyor
Ann John
format Journal article
container_title BMC Psychiatry
container_volume 22
container_issue 1
publishDate 2022
institution Swansea University
issn 1471-244X
doi_str_mv 10.1186/s12888-022-04095-8
publisher Springer Science and Business Media LLC
college_str Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences
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hierarchy_top_id facultyofmedicinehealthandlifesciences
hierarchy_top_title Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences
hierarchy_parent_id facultyofmedicinehealthandlifesciences
hierarchy_parent_title Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences
department_str Swansea University Medical School - Medicine{{{_:::_}}}Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences{{{_:::_}}}Swansea University Medical School - Medicine
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description BackgroundWhile suicide rates in high- and middle-income countries appeared stable in the early stages of the pandemic, we know little about within-country variations. We sought to investigate the impact of COVID-19 on suicide in Mexico’s 32 states and to identify factors that may have contributed to observed variations between states.MethodsInterrupted time-series analysis to model the trend in monthly suicides before COVID-19 (from Jan 1, 2010, to March 31, 2020), comparing the expected number of suicides derived from the model with the observed number for the remainder of the year (April 1 to December 31, 2020) for each of Mexico’s 32 states. Next, we modeled state-level trends using linear regression to study likely contributing factors at ecological level.ResultsSuicide increased slightly across Mexico during the first nine months of the pandemic (RR 1.03; 95%CI 1.01–1.05). Suicides remained stable in 19 states, increase in seven states (RR range: 1.12–2.04) and a decrease in six states (RR range: 0.46–0.88). Suicide RR at the state level was positively associated with population density in 2020 and state level suicide death rate in 2019.ConclusionsThe COVID-19 pandemic had a differential effect on suicide death within the 32 states of Mexico. Higher population density and higher suicide rates in 2019 were associated with increased suicide. As the country struggles to cope with the ongoing pandemic, efforts to improve access to primary care and mental health care services (including suicide crisis intervention services) in these settings should be given priority.
published_date 2022-07-09T04:19:47Z
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