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Impact of previous reinforcement on false perceptions for individuals lower and higher in schizotypy traits
Personality and Individual Differences, Volume: 200, Start page: 111898
Swansea University Author:
Phil Reed
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DOI (Published version): 10.1016/j.paid.2022.111898
Abstract
Psychotic-like experiences (hallucinations) were investigated in a non-clinical population in a word-recognition experiment. The current study explored the effect of perceived importance (previous reinforcement), and whether this differs in its impact on individuals with lower or higher schizotypy....
| Published in: | Personality and Individual Differences |
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| ISSN: | 0191-8869 |
| Published: |
Elsevier BV
2023
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| Online Access: |
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| URI: | https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa61161 |
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| Abstract: |
Psychotic-like experiences (hallucinations) were investigated in a non-clinical population in a word-recognition experiment. The current study explored the effect of perceived importance (previous reinforcement), and whether this differs in its impact on individuals with lower or higher schizotypy. Participants were assessed psychometrically for their level of schizotypy using the O-LIFE, and were reinforced for choosing wither nouns or verbs. A word recognition task was then presented, during which words or non-words were presented on a fast-moving display was employed. The words could wither be nouns or verbs. Those higher in schizotypy showed greater numbers of false perceptions than those with lower schizotypy, and previous reinforcement history impacted on performance. When words from a previously reinforced class were tested, recognition of words that were present was higher than when the test class was not previously reinforced. Moreover, in conditions where expectancies had been violated, those with higher schizotypy showed greater numbers of false perceptions than those with lower schizotypy scores. Thus, the current findings show situational factors such as previous experience and current context are also important in generating false perceptions. |
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| Keywords: |
Visual hallucination; Expectancies; Schizotypy; O-LIFE |
| College: |
Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences |
| Start Page: |
111898 |