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The effect of brief mindfulness training on the micro-structure of human free-operant responding: Mindfulness affects stimulus-driven responding

Xiaosheng Chen, Phil Reed Orcid Logo

Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, Volume: 79, Start page: 101821

Swansea University Authors: Xiaosheng Chen, Phil Reed Orcid Logo

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DOI (Published version): 10.1016/j.jbtep.2022.101821

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Background and objectivesThe current study examines the extent to which mindfulness impacts on operant conditioning processes, and explores the suggestion that mindfulness training serves to make humans more sensitive to the current reinforcement contingencies with which they are presented. In parti...

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Published in: Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry
ISSN: 0005-7916
Published: Elsevier BV 2022
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URI: https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa61998
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In particular, the effect of mindfulness on the micro-structure of human schedule performance was explored. It was expected that mindfulness might impact bout-initiation responding to a greater degree than within-bout responding, premised on the assumption that bout-initiation responses are habitual and not under conscious control, but within-bout responses are goal-directed and conscious.MethodsNonclinical participants experienced one of three brief (15min) interventions: focused attention breathing exercise (mindfulness), an unfocused attention breathing exercises, or no intervention. They then responded on a multiple random ratio (RR) random interval (RI) schedule.ResultsIn the no intervention and unfocused attention groups, overall and within-bout response rates were higher on the RR than the RI schedule, but bout-initiation rates were the same on the two schedules. However, for the mindfulness groups all forms of responding were higher for the RR than the RI schedule. Previous work has noted that habitual, and/or unconscious or fringe-conscious events, are impacted by mindfulness training.LimitationsA nonclinical sample may limit generality.ConclusionsThe current pattern of results suggests that this is also true in schedule-controlled performance, and offers an insight into the manner in which mindfulness alongside conditioning-based interventions, to bring all responses under conscious control.</abstract><type>Journal Article</type><journal>Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry</journal><volume>79</volume><journalNumber/><paginationStart>101821</paginationStart><paginationEnd/><publisher>Elsevier BV</publisher><placeOfPublication/><isbnPrint/><isbnElectronic/><issnPrint>0005-7916</issnPrint><issnElectronic/><keywords>Mindfulness; Schedules of reinforcement; Response micro-structure; Habits; Actions; Awareness</keywords><publishedDay>5</publishedDay><publishedMonth>12</publishedMonth><publishedYear>2022</publishedYear><publishedDate>2022-12-05</publishedDate><doi>10.1016/j.jbtep.2022.101821</doi><url/><notes/><college>COLLEGE NANME</college><department>Psychology</department><CollegeCode>COLLEGE CODE</CollegeCode><DepartmentCode>HPS</DepartmentCode><institution>Swansea University</institution><apcterm>SU Library paid the OA fee (TA Institutional Deal)</apcterm><funders>There was no funding for this research.</funders><projectreference/><lastEdited>2023-06-12T16:56:39.4964963</lastEdited><Created>2022-11-22T17:32:06.5236116</Created><path><level id="1">Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences</level><level id="2">School of Psychology</level></path><authors><author><firstname>Xiaosheng</firstname><surname>Chen</surname><order>1</order></author><author><firstname>Phil</firstname><surname>Reed</surname><orcid>0000-0002-8157-0747</orcid><order>2</order></author></authors><documents><document><filename>61998__26087__561a02f38e5d4c2eb77bcda6f27b451f.pdf</filename><originalFilename>61998.pdf</originalFilename><uploaded>2022-12-15T14:15:30.0668943</uploaded><type>Output</type><contentLength>1102261</contentLength><contentType>application/pdf</contentType><version>Proof</version><cronfaStatus>true</cronfaStatus><documentNotes>© 2022 The Authors. 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spelling v2 61998 2022-11-22 The effect of brief mindfulness training on the micro-structure of human free-operant responding: Mindfulness affects stimulus-driven responding 87f9b48f9950e3984267ed341ae8b96c Xiaosheng Chen Xiaosheng Chen true false 100599ab189b514fdf99f9b4cb477a83 0000-0002-8157-0747 Phil Reed Phil Reed true false 2022-11-22 HPS Background and objectivesThe current study examines the extent to which mindfulness impacts on operant conditioning processes, and explores the suggestion that mindfulness training serves to make humans more sensitive to the current reinforcement contingencies with which they are presented. In particular, the effect of mindfulness on the micro-structure of human schedule performance was explored. It was expected that mindfulness might impact bout-initiation responding to a greater degree than within-bout responding, premised on the assumption that bout-initiation responses are habitual and not under conscious control, but within-bout responses are goal-directed and conscious.MethodsNonclinical participants experienced one of three brief (15min) interventions: focused attention breathing exercise (mindfulness), an unfocused attention breathing exercises, or no intervention. They then responded on a multiple random ratio (RR) random interval (RI) schedule.ResultsIn the no intervention and unfocused attention groups, overall and within-bout response rates were higher on the RR than the RI schedule, but bout-initiation rates were the same on the two schedules. However, for the mindfulness groups all forms of responding were higher for the RR than the RI schedule. Previous work has noted that habitual, and/or unconscious or fringe-conscious events, are impacted by mindfulness training.LimitationsA nonclinical sample may limit generality.ConclusionsThe current pattern of results suggests that this is also true in schedule-controlled performance, and offers an insight into the manner in which mindfulness alongside conditioning-based interventions, to bring all responses under conscious control. Journal Article Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry 79 101821 Elsevier BV 0005-7916 Mindfulness; Schedules of reinforcement; Response micro-structure; Habits; Actions; Awareness 5 12 2022 2022-12-05 10.1016/j.jbtep.2022.101821 COLLEGE NANME Psychology COLLEGE CODE HPS Swansea University SU Library paid the OA fee (TA Institutional Deal) There was no funding for this research. 2023-06-12T16:56:39.4964963 2022-11-22T17:32:06.5236116 Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences School of Psychology Xiaosheng Chen 1 Phil Reed 0000-0002-8157-0747 2 61998__26087__561a02f38e5d4c2eb77bcda6f27b451f.pdf 61998.pdf 2022-12-15T14:15:30.0668943 Output 1102261 application/pdf Proof true © 2022 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY license true eng http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ 61998__27810__cc2261ca81cc4638a6509ad72316f7d8.pdf 61998 VoR.pdf 2023-06-12T16:55:34.1784067 Output 1109715 application/pdf Version of Record true © 2022 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). true eng http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
title The effect of brief mindfulness training on the micro-structure of human free-operant responding: Mindfulness affects stimulus-driven responding
spellingShingle The effect of brief mindfulness training on the micro-structure of human free-operant responding: Mindfulness affects stimulus-driven responding
Xiaosheng Chen
Phil Reed
title_short The effect of brief mindfulness training on the micro-structure of human free-operant responding: Mindfulness affects stimulus-driven responding
title_full The effect of brief mindfulness training on the micro-structure of human free-operant responding: Mindfulness affects stimulus-driven responding
title_fullStr The effect of brief mindfulness training on the micro-structure of human free-operant responding: Mindfulness affects stimulus-driven responding
title_full_unstemmed The effect of brief mindfulness training on the micro-structure of human free-operant responding: Mindfulness affects stimulus-driven responding
title_sort The effect of brief mindfulness training on the micro-structure of human free-operant responding: Mindfulness affects stimulus-driven responding
author_id_str_mv 87f9b48f9950e3984267ed341ae8b96c
100599ab189b514fdf99f9b4cb477a83
author_id_fullname_str_mv 87f9b48f9950e3984267ed341ae8b96c_***_Xiaosheng Chen
100599ab189b514fdf99f9b4cb477a83_***_Phil Reed
author Xiaosheng Chen
Phil Reed
author2 Xiaosheng Chen
Phil Reed
format Journal article
container_title Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry
container_volume 79
container_start_page 101821
publishDate 2022
institution Swansea University
issn 0005-7916
doi_str_mv 10.1016/j.jbtep.2022.101821
publisher Elsevier BV
college_str Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences
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hierarchy_top_id facultyofmedicinehealthandlifesciences
hierarchy_top_title Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences
hierarchy_parent_id facultyofmedicinehealthandlifesciences
hierarchy_parent_title Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences
department_str School of Psychology{{{_:::_}}}Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences{{{_:::_}}}School of Psychology
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description Background and objectivesThe current study examines the extent to which mindfulness impacts on operant conditioning processes, and explores the suggestion that mindfulness training serves to make humans more sensitive to the current reinforcement contingencies with which they are presented. In particular, the effect of mindfulness on the micro-structure of human schedule performance was explored. It was expected that mindfulness might impact bout-initiation responding to a greater degree than within-bout responding, premised on the assumption that bout-initiation responses are habitual and not under conscious control, but within-bout responses are goal-directed and conscious.MethodsNonclinical participants experienced one of three brief (15min) interventions: focused attention breathing exercise (mindfulness), an unfocused attention breathing exercises, or no intervention. They then responded on a multiple random ratio (RR) random interval (RI) schedule.ResultsIn the no intervention and unfocused attention groups, overall and within-bout response rates were higher on the RR than the RI schedule, but bout-initiation rates were the same on the two schedules. However, for the mindfulness groups all forms of responding were higher for the RR than the RI schedule. Previous work has noted that habitual, and/or unconscious or fringe-conscious events, are impacted by mindfulness training.LimitationsA nonclinical sample may limit generality.ConclusionsThe current pattern of results suggests that this is also true in schedule-controlled performance, and offers an insight into the manner in which mindfulness alongside conditioning-based interventions, to bring all responses under conscious control.
published_date 2022-12-05T16:56:37Z
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