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Alginate oligosaccharides enhance the antifungal activity of nystatin against candidal biofilms
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Jennifer Y. M. Adams,
Sadik Quoraishi,
Charlène Py,
Anaϊs Oger,
Salvatore A. Gazze,
Lewis Francis ,
Christopher von Ruhland,
David Owens,
Philip D. Rye,
Katja E. Hill,
Manon F. Pritchard,
David W. Thomas
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology, Volume: 13
Swansea University Authors:
Lydia Powell , Lewis Francis
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© 2023 Powell, Adams, Quoraishi, Py, Oger, Gazze, Francis, von Ruhland, Owens, Rye, Hill, Pritchard and Thomas. This is an openaccess article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY).
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DOI (Published version): 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1122340
Abstract
Background: The increasing prevalence of invasive fungal infections in immuno-compromised patients is a considerable cause of morbidity and mortality. With the rapid emergence of antifungal resistance and an inadequate pipeline of new therapies, novel treatment strategies are now urgently required.M...
| Published in: | Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology |
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| ISSN: | 2235-2988 |
| Published: |
Frontiers Media SA
2023
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| Online Access: |
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| URI: | https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa62485 |
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| Abstract: |
Background: The increasing prevalence of invasive fungal infections in immuno-compromised patients is a considerable cause of morbidity and mortality. With the rapid emergence of antifungal resistance and an inadequate pipeline of new therapies, novel treatment strategies are now urgently required.Methods: The antifungal activity of the alginate oligosaccharide OligoG in conjunction with nystatin was tested against a range of Candida spp. (C. albicans, C. glabrata, C. parapsilosis, C. auris, C. tropicalis and C. dubliniensis), in both planktonic and biofilm assays, to determine its potential clinical utility to enhance the treatment of candidal infections. The effect of OligoG (0-6%) ± nystatin on Candida spp. was examined in minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and growth curve assays. Antifungal effects of OligoG and nystatin treatment on biofilm formation and disruption were characterized using confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and ATP cellular viability assays. Effects on the cell membrane were determined using permeability assays and transmission electron microscopy (TEM).Results: MIC and growth curve assays demonstrated the synergistic effects of OligoG (0-6%) with nystatin, resulting in an up to 32-fold reduction in MIC, and a significant reduction in the growth of C. parapsilosis and C. auris (minimum significant difference = 0.2 and 0.12 respectively). CLSM and SEM imaging demonstrated that the combination treatment of OligoG (4%) with nystatin (1 µg/ml) resulted in significant inhibition of candidal biofilm formation on glass and clinical grade silicone surfaces (p < 0.001), with increased cell death (p < 0.0001). The ATP biofilm disruption assay demonstrated a significant reduction in cell viability with OligoG (4%) alone and the combined OligoG/nystatin (MIC value) treatment (p < 0.04) for all Candida strains tested. TEM studies revealed the combined OligoG/nystatin treatment induced structural reorganization of the Candida cell membrane, with increased permeability when compared to the untreated control (p < 0.001).Conclusions: Antimicrobial synergy between OligoG and nystatin against Candida spp. highlights the potential utility of this combination therapy in the prevention and topical treatment of candidal biofilm infections, to overcome the inherent tolerance of biofilm structures to antifungal agents. |
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| Keywords: |
antifungal, alginate oligosaccharide, nystatin, Candida spp., biofilm |
| College: |
Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences |
| Funders: |
This work was funded by the Research Council of Norway (228542/O30, 245598/O30, 281920), AlgiPharma AS, European Social Fund (KESS2 Programme 517052) and the Sêr Cymru II
programme which is part-funded by Cardiff University and the European Regional Development Fund through the Welsh Government (80762-CU176). |