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Suicide rates in the UK Armed Forces, compared with the general workforce and merchant shipping during peacetime years since 1900

Stephen Roberts Orcid Logo, Ann John Orcid Logo, T Carter Orcid Logo, John Williams

BMJ Military Health, Start page: e002309

Swansea University Authors: Stephen Roberts Orcid Logo, Ann John Orcid Logo, John Williams

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DOI (Published version): 10.1136/military-2022-002309

Abstract

Introduction The main objective was to compare suicide rates and their trends across the three UK Armed forces (Royal Navy, Army and Royal Air Force) from 1900 to 2020. Further objectives were to compare suicide rates with those in the corresponding general population and in UK merchant shipping and...

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Published in: BMJ Military Health
ISSN: 2633-3767 2633-3775
Published: BMJ 2023
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URI: https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa62908
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Further objectives were to compare suicide rates with those in the corresponding general population and in UK merchant shipping and to discuss preventative measures. Methods Examination of annual mortality reports and returns, death inquiry files and official statistics. The main outcome measure was the suicide rater 100 000 population employed. Results Since 1990, there have been significantreductions in suicide rates in each of the Armed Forces, although a non-significant increase in the Army since 2010. Compared with the corresponding general population, during the most recent decade from 2010 up to 2020, suicide rates were 73% lower in the Royal Air Force,56% lower in the Royal Navy and 43% lower in the Army. Suicide rates have been significantly decreased in the Royal Air Force since the 1950s, in the Royal Navy since the 1970s and in the Army since the 1980s (comparisons for the Royal Navy and the Army were not available from the late 1940s to the 1960s). During the earliest decades from 1900 to the 1930s,suicide rates in the Armed Forces were mostly quite similar or moderately increased compared with the general population, but far lower than in merchant shipping. Following legislative changes in the last 30 years, suicide rates through poisoning by gases and through firearms or explosives have fallen sharply. Conclusions The study shows that suicide rates in theArmed Forces have been lower than in the general population over many decades. 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spelling v2 62908 2023-03-10 Suicide rates in the UK Armed Forces, compared with the general workforce and merchant shipping during peacetime years since 1900 cb60dd928f72fe7ea03595dab995f070 0000-0001-7981-520X Stephen Roberts Stephen Roberts true false ed8a9c37bd7b7235b762d941ef18ee55 0000-0002-5657-6995 Ann John Ann John true false 911a5c03419acf47eab0844e2cd5ab7f John Williams John Williams true false 2023-03-10 MEDS Introduction The main objective was to compare suicide rates and their trends across the three UK Armed forces (Royal Navy, Army and Royal Air Force) from 1900 to 2020. Further objectives were to compare suicide rates with those in the corresponding general population and in UK merchant shipping and to discuss preventative measures. Methods Examination of annual mortality reports and returns, death inquiry files and official statistics. The main outcome measure was the suicide rater 100 000 population employed. Results Since 1990, there have been significantreductions in suicide rates in each of the Armed Forces, although a non-significant increase in the Army since 2010. Compared with the corresponding general population, during the most recent decade from 2010 up to 2020, suicide rates were 73% lower in the Royal Air Force,56% lower in the Royal Navy and 43% lower in the Army. Suicide rates have been significantly decreased in the Royal Air Force since the 1950s, in the Royal Navy since the 1970s and in the Army since the 1980s (comparisons for the Royal Navy and the Army were not available from the late 1940s to the 1960s). During the earliest decades from 1900 to the 1930s,suicide rates in the Armed Forces were mostly quite similar or moderately increased compared with the general population, but far lower than in merchant shipping. Following legislative changes in the last 30 years, suicide rates through poisoning by gases and through firearms or explosives have fallen sharply. Conclusions The study shows that suicide rates in theArmed Forces have been lower than in the general population over many decades. The sharp reductions in suicide rates over the last 30 years suggest the effectiveness of recent preventative measures, including reductions in access to a method of suicide and well-being initiatives Journal Article BMJ Military Health e002309 BMJ 2633-3767 2633-3775 7 4 2023 2023-04-07 10.1136/military-2022-002309 http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/military-2022-002309 COLLEGE NANME Medical School COLLEGE CODE MEDS Swansea University SU Library paid the OA fee (TA Institutional Deal) Maritime and Coastguard Agency - RP578 2024-07-15T12:20:27.2191603 2023-03-10T12:48:10.5087643 Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences Swansea University Medical School - Health Data Science Stephen Roberts 0000-0001-7981-520X 1 Ann John 0000-0002-5657-6995 2 T Carter 0000-0002-5021-0730 3 John Williams 4 62908__27096__dd1b4e1354bd4ad5b88875828ae30e6c.pdf 62908.pdf 2023-04-18T11:59:17.4358827 Output 715799 application/pdf Version of Record true This is an open access article distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited, appropriate credit is given, any changes made indicated, and the use is non-commercial. true eng http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
title Suicide rates in the UK Armed Forces, compared with the general workforce and merchant shipping during peacetime years since 1900
spellingShingle Suicide rates in the UK Armed Forces, compared with the general workforce and merchant shipping during peacetime years since 1900
Stephen Roberts
Ann John
John Williams
title_short Suicide rates in the UK Armed Forces, compared with the general workforce and merchant shipping during peacetime years since 1900
title_full Suicide rates in the UK Armed Forces, compared with the general workforce and merchant shipping during peacetime years since 1900
title_fullStr Suicide rates in the UK Armed Forces, compared with the general workforce and merchant shipping during peacetime years since 1900
title_full_unstemmed Suicide rates in the UK Armed Forces, compared with the general workforce and merchant shipping during peacetime years since 1900
title_sort Suicide rates in the UK Armed Forces, compared with the general workforce and merchant shipping during peacetime years since 1900
author_id_str_mv cb60dd928f72fe7ea03595dab995f070
ed8a9c37bd7b7235b762d941ef18ee55
911a5c03419acf47eab0844e2cd5ab7f
author_id_fullname_str_mv cb60dd928f72fe7ea03595dab995f070_***_Stephen Roberts
ed8a9c37bd7b7235b762d941ef18ee55_***_Ann John
911a5c03419acf47eab0844e2cd5ab7f_***_John Williams
author Stephen Roberts
Ann John
John Williams
author2 Stephen Roberts
Ann John
T Carter
John Williams
format Journal article
container_title BMJ Military Health
container_start_page e002309
publishDate 2023
institution Swansea University
issn 2633-3767
2633-3775
doi_str_mv 10.1136/military-2022-002309
publisher BMJ
college_str Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences
hierarchytype
hierarchy_top_id facultyofmedicinehealthandlifesciences
hierarchy_top_title Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences
hierarchy_parent_id facultyofmedicinehealthandlifesciences
hierarchy_parent_title Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences
department_str Swansea University Medical School - Health Data Science{{{_:::_}}}Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences{{{_:::_}}}Swansea University Medical School - Health Data Science
url http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/military-2022-002309
document_store_str 1
active_str 0
description Introduction The main objective was to compare suicide rates and their trends across the three UK Armed forces (Royal Navy, Army and Royal Air Force) from 1900 to 2020. Further objectives were to compare suicide rates with those in the corresponding general population and in UK merchant shipping and to discuss preventative measures. Methods Examination of annual mortality reports and returns, death inquiry files and official statistics. The main outcome measure was the suicide rater 100 000 population employed. Results Since 1990, there have been significantreductions in suicide rates in each of the Armed Forces, although a non-significant increase in the Army since 2010. Compared with the corresponding general population, during the most recent decade from 2010 up to 2020, suicide rates were 73% lower in the Royal Air Force,56% lower in the Royal Navy and 43% lower in the Army. Suicide rates have been significantly decreased in the Royal Air Force since the 1950s, in the Royal Navy since the 1970s and in the Army since the 1980s (comparisons for the Royal Navy and the Army were not available from the late 1940s to the 1960s). During the earliest decades from 1900 to the 1930s,suicide rates in the Armed Forces were mostly quite similar or moderately increased compared with the general population, but far lower than in merchant shipping. Following legislative changes in the last 30 years, suicide rates through poisoning by gases and through firearms or explosives have fallen sharply. Conclusions The study shows that suicide rates in theArmed Forces have been lower than in the general population over many decades. The sharp reductions in suicide rates over the last 30 years suggest the effectiveness of recent preventative measures, including reductions in access to a method of suicide and well-being initiatives
published_date 2023-04-07T12:20:26Z
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score 11.016235

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