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Scalable Synthesis of Pre‐Intercalated Manganese(III/IV) Oxide Nanostructures for Supercapacitor Electrodes: Electrochemical Comparison of Birnessite and Cryptomelane Products
,
Haytham E. M. Hussein,
Eleri Worsley,
Sajad Kiani,
Kittiwat Kamlungsua,
Thomas Fone,
Christopher Phillips ,
Davide Deganello
ChemElectroChem, Volume: 10, Issue: 14
Swansea University Authors:
Eleri Worsley, Sajad Kiani, Thomas Fone, Christopher Phillips , Davide Deganello
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DOI (Published version): 10.1002/celc.202300210
Abstract
Manganese(III/IV) oxide is a promising pseudocapacitive material for supercapacitor electrodes due to favorable attributes such as its chemical resilience, high earth abundance and low specific cost. Herein, the morphological, compositional and electrochemical characteristics of co-precipitated mang...
| Published in: | ChemElectroChem |
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| ISSN: | 2196-0216 2196-0216 |
| Published: |
Wiley
2023
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| Online Access: |
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| URI: | https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa63191 |
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| Abstract: |
Manganese(III/IV) oxide is a promising pseudocapacitive material for supercapacitor electrodes due to favorable attributes such as its chemical resilience, high earth abundance and low specific cost. Herein, the morphological, compositional and electrochemical characteristics of co-precipitated manganese(III/IV) oxide products, each described by the general formula NaxKyMnOz, are investigated to establish how these properties are influenced by synthesis conditions. NaxKyMnOz growths in low-temperature (<100 °C) basic and acidic environments are shown to promote the formation of turbostratic birnessite and cryptomelane phases, respectively, with the latter polymorph containing a relatively low concentration of interstitial Na+ and K+ cations. It is demonstrated that K+ pre-insertion during synthesis yields lower initial charge-transfer resistances than equivalent Na+ intercalation, and that this parameter correlates strongly with storage performance. Accordingly, Na-mediated storage initially delivers inferior specific capacitances and Coulombic efficiencies than K-based mechanisms, but K+ intercalation/deintercalation causes faster capacitance decay during prolonged galvanostatic cycling. Furthermore, whilst crystallographic phase is shown to have a weaker effect on NaxKyMnOz storage properties than the choice of intercalating guest cations, cryptomelane electrodes are more susceptible to cycling-induced capacitance and efficiency losses than their birnessite counterparts. In combination, these insights provide an instructive foundation for the optimization of NaxKyMnOz in high-power storage applications. |
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| Keywords: |
Birnessite Cryptomelane, Intercalation, MnO2, Pseudocapacitance |
| College: |
Faculty of Science and Engineering |
| Funders: |
Enserv Power Co. Ltd., Welsh Government, Swansea University, EPSRC. Grant Number: EP/M028267/1, Welsh Government. Grant Number: 80708 |
| Issue: |
14 |