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Recycling high impact polystyrene: Material properties and reprocessing in a circular economy business model

Fawzi Belblidia Orcid Logo, mohamed Gabr, John Pittman, Abishera Rajkumar

Progress in Rubber, Plastics and Recycling Technology, Volume: 39, Issue: 4, Pages: 343 - 363

Swansea University Authors: Fawzi Belblidia Orcid Logo, mohamed Gabr, John Pittman, Abishera Rajkumar

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DOI (Published version): 10.1177/14777606231168653

Abstract

An account is presented of successfully implemented Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) with recycling to high value products, to help overcome barriers and generate confidence in moving towards Circular Economy (CE) business models. A template for organisations proposing to recycle a thermoplast...

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Published in: Progress in Rubber, Plastics and Recycling Technology
ISSN: 1477-7606 1478-2413
Published: SAGE Publications 2023
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URI: https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa63437
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A template for organisations proposing to recycle a thermoplastic is provided by describing appropriate tests and considerations in implementing the recovery and re-use of high impact polystyrene (HIPS) based on a practical, industry case. Simulating the repeated 100% closed loop reprocessing of production scrap, original HIPS has been injection molded to produce tensile and impact test pieces, reground and reprocessed eight times. Assessing the present results together with literature, repeated recycling of production scrap is possible without the need for a remedial compounding step, or changes to processing parameters. Integral to the EPR model is recovery of plastic from returned end-of-life (EoL) products, and in relation to the in-use environment, studies of the effects of UV exposure on virgin material show that significant property degradation can occur. However, with indoor use, as in the present case, this is not seen. Within the CE business model it is desirable to use blends of recovered HIPS originating from different original resin manufacturers. Feeding dry blend regrind directly to the molding machine proved satisfactory, avoiding the need for a compounding/pelletizing step. 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spelling v2 63437 2023-05-11 Recycling high impact polystyrene: Material properties and reprocessing in a circular economy business model 7e0feb96ca2d685180b495e8983f3940 0000-0002-8170-0468 Fawzi Belblidia Fawzi Belblidia true false a5d1e73c0040d86e93c84cc56f0a4ada mohamed Gabr mohamed Gabr true false 9e89bf430b648088d29a705d182849b4 John Pittman John Pittman true false a859f4f6c61482ae92ef089b0821f6ac Abishera Rajkumar Abishera Rajkumar true false 2023-05-11 ACEM An account is presented of successfully implemented Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) with recycling to high value products, to help overcome barriers and generate confidence in moving towards Circular Economy (CE) business models. A template for organisations proposing to recycle a thermoplastic is provided by describing appropriate tests and considerations in implementing the recovery and re-use of high impact polystyrene (HIPS) based on a practical, industry case. Simulating the repeated 100% closed loop reprocessing of production scrap, original HIPS has been injection molded to produce tensile and impact test pieces, reground and reprocessed eight times. Assessing the present results together with literature, repeated recycling of production scrap is possible without the need for a remedial compounding step, or changes to processing parameters. Integral to the EPR model is recovery of plastic from returned end-of-life (EoL) products, and in relation to the in-use environment, studies of the effects of UV exposure on virgin material show that significant property degradation can occur. However, with indoor use, as in the present case, this is not seen. Within the CE business model it is desirable to use blends of recovered HIPS originating from different original resin manufacturers. Feeding dry blend regrind directly to the molding machine proved satisfactory, avoiding the need for a compounding/pelletizing step. As an outcome of this study, products are being successfully manufactured from 100% HIPS recovered from EoL products in an environmentally and economically positive CE plan. Journal Article Progress in Rubber, Plastics and Recycling Technology 39 4 343 363 SAGE Publications 1477-7606 1478-2413 High impact polystyrene, recycling, circular economy, extended producer responsibility, end-of-life product recall, degradation by UV exposure, material reprocessing, thermo-mechanical degradation 1 11 2023 2023-11-01 10.1177/14777606231168653 http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/14777606231168653 COLLEGE NANME Aerospace, Civil, Electrical, and Mechanical Engineering COLLEGE CODE ACEM Swansea University SU College/Department paid the OA fee This work was supported by the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF). 2024-10-09T12:07:26.2593164 2023-05-11T13:45:00.7680268 Faculty of Science and Engineering School of Aerospace, Civil, Electrical, General and Mechanical Engineering - Aerospace Engineering Fawzi Belblidia 0000-0002-8170-0468 1 mohamed Gabr 2 John Pittman 3 Abishera Rajkumar 4 63437__27442__96a214f78140456cb58027d3ce8f5165.pdf 63437.pdf 2023-05-11T13:49:46.8600412 Output 1227641 application/pdf Version of Record true This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits non-commercial use, reproduction and distribution of the work without further permission provided the original work is attributed as specified on the SAGE and Open Access page (https://us.sagepub.com/en-us/nam/open-access-at-sage). true eng https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
title Recycling high impact polystyrene: Material properties and reprocessing in a circular economy business model
spellingShingle Recycling high impact polystyrene: Material properties and reprocessing in a circular economy business model
Fawzi Belblidia
mohamed Gabr
John Pittman
Abishera Rajkumar
title_short Recycling high impact polystyrene: Material properties and reprocessing in a circular economy business model
title_full Recycling high impact polystyrene: Material properties and reprocessing in a circular economy business model
title_fullStr Recycling high impact polystyrene: Material properties and reprocessing in a circular economy business model
title_full_unstemmed Recycling high impact polystyrene: Material properties and reprocessing in a circular economy business model
title_sort Recycling high impact polystyrene: Material properties and reprocessing in a circular economy business model
author_id_str_mv 7e0feb96ca2d685180b495e8983f3940
a5d1e73c0040d86e93c84cc56f0a4ada
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a859f4f6c61482ae92ef089b0821f6ac
author_id_fullname_str_mv 7e0feb96ca2d685180b495e8983f3940_***_Fawzi Belblidia
a5d1e73c0040d86e93c84cc56f0a4ada_***_mohamed Gabr
9e89bf430b648088d29a705d182849b4_***_John Pittman
a859f4f6c61482ae92ef089b0821f6ac_***_Abishera Rajkumar
author Fawzi Belblidia
mohamed Gabr
John Pittman
Abishera Rajkumar
author2 Fawzi Belblidia
mohamed Gabr
John Pittman
Abishera Rajkumar
format Journal article
container_title Progress in Rubber, Plastics and Recycling Technology
container_volume 39
container_issue 4
container_start_page 343
publishDate 2023
institution Swansea University
issn 1477-7606
1478-2413
doi_str_mv 10.1177/14777606231168653
publisher SAGE Publications
college_str Faculty of Science and Engineering
hierarchytype
hierarchy_top_id facultyofscienceandengineering
hierarchy_top_title Faculty of Science and Engineering
hierarchy_parent_id facultyofscienceandengineering
hierarchy_parent_title Faculty of Science and Engineering
department_str School of Aerospace, Civil, Electrical, General and Mechanical Engineering - Aerospace Engineering{{{_:::_}}}Faculty of Science and Engineering{{{_:::_}}}School of Aerospace, Civil, Electrical, General and Mechanical Engineering - Aerospace Engineering
url http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/14777606231168653
document_store_str 1
active_str 0
description An account is presented of successfully implemented Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) with recycling to high value products, to help overcome barriers and generate confidence in moving towards Circular Economy (CE) business models. A template for organisations proposing to recycle a thermoplastic is provided by describing appropriate tests and considerations in implementing the recovery and re-use of high impact polystyrene (HIPS) based on a practical, industry case. Simulating the repeated 100% closed loop reprocessing of production scrap, original HIPS has been injection molded to produce tensile and impact test pieces, reground and reprocessed eight times. Assessing the present results together with literature, repeated recycling of production scrap is possible without the need for a remedial compounding step, or changes to processing parameters. Integral to the EPR model is recovery of plastic from returned end-of-life (EoL) products, and in relation to the in-use environment, studies of the effects of UV exposure on virgin material show that significant property degradation can occur. However, with indoor use, as in the present case, this is not seen. Within the CE business model it is desirable to use blends of recovered HIPS originating from different original resin manufacturers. Feeding dry blend regrind directly to the molding machine proved satisfactory, avoiding the need for a compounding/pelletizing step. As an outcome of this study, products are being successfully manufactured from 100% HIPS recovered from EoL products in an environmentally and economically positive CE plan.
published_date 2023-11-01T12:07:24Z
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